Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles 1 - 3 of 3

Full-Text Articles in Civil Rights and Discrimination

回避法定知情权的开放政府——香港政府信息公开制度评析 [Open Government Without A Legislated Right To Know: A Critical Review Of The Access-To-Information Regime In Hong Kong], Yongxi Chen Mar 2012

回避法定知情权的开放政府——香港政府信息公开制度评析 [Open Government Without A Legislated Right To Know: A Critical Review Of The Access-To-Information Regime In Hong Kong], Yongxi Chen

Clement Yongxi Chen

There is no legislation in Hong Kong protecting freedom of information, or a general right of access to government information to citizens. During the British colonial ear, the Hong Kong Government introduced a non-statutory code of practice, the Code on Access to Information, allowing citizens to request access to information held by the departments and bureaux of the government. The Code remains in force after the return of the sovereignty over Hong Kong to the PRC. The Code endorses the principle of presumption of disclosure, and does not require citizens to provide reasons for seeking access to information. Citizens unsatisfied …


填补权利保护的漏洞——法国行政诉讼临时处分制度的晚近发展 [Closing The Loophole In The Protection Of Rights: Recent Developments Of The Référé Procedures In French Administrative Litigation], Yanpu Zheng, Yongxi Chen Jan 2009

填补权利保护的漏洞——法国行政诉讼临时处分制度的晚近发展 [Closing The Loophole In The Protection Of Rights: Recent Developments Of The Référé Procedures In French Administrative Litigation], Yanpu Zheng, Yongxi Chen

Clement Yongxi Chen

Référé, also known as summary interlocutory procedure, is an institution of provisional protection of rights established in French administrative litigation proceedings to reduce the gap between the jurisdictional remedies and the social demands. This article reviews the evolution of référé in French administrative litigation and introduces different categories of référé procedures as well as their functions respectively in the light of recent legislation and jurisprudence of the Conseil d’Etat, so that the reform of Chinese administrative litigation system may benefit from the French experience. In particular, this article studies in details the operation of two référé procedures that are most …


略论法国行政法中的裁量权及其司法控制 [On The Judical Control Of Discretionary Power In French Administrative Law], Yongxi Chen Jan 2007

略论法国行政法中的裁量权及其司法控制 [On The Judical Control Of Discretionary Power In French Administrative Law], Yongxi Chen

Clement Yongxi Chen

行政裁量权在普通法的行政法中占有举足轻重的地位,与此相比,裁量权在法国行政法中并没有受到同等规格的待遇。裁量权在普通法的行政法学著作中常以专章出现,而在法国行政法的教材中,它往往分散于论述合法性原则的各个章节之中,较少被集中研究。个中原因,大约可举出两点。一是,在名称上,它留有旧制度的痕迹——在十九世纪最高行政法院的判例中,“‘裁量行为(actes discrétionnaires)’指的是不受任何诉讼质疑的行政行为” 。在很多时候,“裁量权”意味着强大的行政权力。尽管20世纪以来的行政法院判例已发展出数种技术,在较大程度上将裁量权置于司法审查之下,但是,裁量权总是含有一种不让法学家和律师信任的意味。二是,在法国行政法学者的眼里,普通法、尤其是英国普通法下的行政法,偏重对行政行为的审查,可看作一个审查体系(système de contrôle),相比之下,法国行政法的外延更为广阔,是一个规则体系(système de règle),它以合法性原则(principe de légalité,也被称为行政法治原则 )为核心,涵盖了行政组织、行政行为等各个方面的多种类、多层次的规范,这些规范按照各自所属的渊源位阶高低,组合成一个宏大而精密的凯尔森式的规则体系 。因此,对裁量权的认识,应该在合法性原则的框架内进行。

一方面,法学家承认裁量权的重要性,认为合法性原则没有排斥行政机关拥有决定的自由——裁量权,而且,从这个角度看,裁量权构成了对合法性原则的限制。另一方面,法学家强调裁量权不等于“任意裁断”,倾向于将它置于合法性原则的影响之下,坚持裁量权只不过是“在(至少)两种合乎合法性原则的决定或行为之间选择的权力”,自由裁量永远只是在法律允许范围内的自由裁量。

在这种颇有点相互矛盾的心态的推动下,不仅法学理论尝试调和行政自主和法治要求之间的张力,行政法官也坚持不懈地创造出新的审查技术,尤其是“明显错误”审查、“损益表” 比例审查等,因应社会需求的变化对不断膨胀的行政裁量施加判例法上的约束,又力图避免一刀切式的羁束。下文将首先介绍法国行政法学对裁量权概念、性质和意义的看法,其后再结合判例考察在裁量权在司法实践中受到的控制。