Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law (15)
- American University Washington College of Law (6)
- Selected Works (6)
- Pepperdine University (5)
- Saint Louis University School of Law (5)
-
- University of Colorado Law School (5)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (4)
- Seattle University School of Law (3)
- SelectedWorks (3)
- University of Cincinnati College of Law (3)
- Barry University School of Law (2)
- California Western School of Law (2)
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law (2)
- University of Florida Levin College of Law (2)
- University of Missouri School of Law (2)
- University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (2)
- University of Richmond (2)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law (1)
- Cleveland State University (1)
- De La Salle University (1)
- Florida International University College of Law (1)
- Georgetown University Law Center (1)
- Georgia State University College of Law (1)
- Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School (1)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (1)
- Mitchell Hamline School of Law (1)
- Northwestern Pritzker School of Law (1)
- St. John's University School of Law (1)
- Texas A&M University School of Law (1)
- University of Baltimore Law (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Scholarly Works (10)
- All Faculty Scholarship (7)
- Faculty Scholarship (7)
- Supreme Court Briefs (6)
- Publications (5)
-
- Faculty Publications (4)
- Pepperdine Law Review (4)
- Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals (3)
- Seattle University Law Review (3)
- American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law (2)
- Faculty Articles and Other Publications (2)
- Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity (2)
- Michael Evan Gold (2)
- UF Law Faculty Publications (2)
- Articles (1)
- Center for Business Research and Development (1)
- David D. Schein (1)
- Eileen Kaufman (1)
- Georgia State University Law Review (1)
- Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality (1)
- James N Bolotin (1)
- James S. Rogers (1)
- Jessica L. Roberts (1)
- Journal of Law and Health (1)
- Law Faculty Publications (1)
- Law Faculty Scholarly Articles (1)
- Library Staff Publications (1)
- Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review (1)
- Maine Law Review (1)
- Michelle A. Travis (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 88
Full-Text Articles in Civil Rights and Discrimination
“You Don’T Bring Me Flowers Anymore”: President Clinton, Paula Jones, And Why Courts Should Expand The Definition Of “Adverse Employment Action” Under Title Vii’S Anti-Retaliation Provision, Lawrence Rosenthal
St. John's Law Review
(Excerpt)
Anti-discrimination statutes such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”), the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”) prohibit discrimination based on individuals’ protected characteristics. In addition to prohibiting this type of status-based discrimination, these statutes also prohibit employers from retaliating against employees who assert their rights under the statutes or who assist others in asserting their rights.
Over the past several years, retaliation charges filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) have made up an increasingly high percentage of all charges filed with the agency. Specifically, …
(A)Woke Workplaces, Michael Z. Green
(A)Woke Workplaces, Michael Z. Green
Faculty Scholarship
With heightened expectations for a reckoning in response to the broad support for the Black Lives Matter movement after the senseless murder of George Floyd in 2020, employers explored many options to improve racial understanding through discussions with workers. In rejecting any notions of the existence of structural or systemic discrimination, let alone the need to address the consequences of such discrimination, certain groups have begun to oppose BLM by seeking to diminish any social justice actions. One of those key resistance efforts includes labelling in pejorative terms any employers that pursue anti-racism objectives via social justice statements or internal …
Panel 1 - Towards Effective Governmental Intervention: Ending Discrimination In The Workplace, Rebecca Salawdeh, Patrick Patterson, Victoria Lipnic, Carol Miaskoff, Hnin Khaing
Panel 1 - Towards Effective Governmental Intervention: Ending Discrimination In The Workplace, Rebecca Salawdeh, Patrick Patterson, Victoria Lipnic, Carol Miaskoff, Hnin Khaing
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
FACILITATOR: Good morning, everyone and welcome to the “Enhancing Antidiscrimination Laws in Education and Employment Symposium”, hosted by the American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, the American, and the National Institute for Workers’ Rights (“Institute”). And without further ado, let me pass it off to the Institute’s board president, Rebecca Salawdeh
Letter From The Editor, Adriana E. Morquecho
Letter From The Editor, Adriana E. Morquecho
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
It is an honor to write this editor’s note for Volume 30.2 of the Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law (“Journal”) commemorating our Symposium co-hosted by the National Institute for Workers’ Rights (“Institute”), “Enhancing Anti-Discrimination Laws in Education & Employment.” The Symposium and this Volume are a culmination of months of tireless work to draw attention to an area of law needing greater attention—employment and education discrimination
Hiring Criteria And Title Vii: How One Manifestation Of Employer Bias Evades Judicial Scrutiny, Max Londberg
Hiring Criteria And Title Vii: How One Manifestation Of Employer Bias Evades Judicial Scrutiny, Max Londberg
University of Cincinnati Law Review
No abstract provided.
Cause For Concern Or Cause For Celebration?: Did Bostock V. Clayton County Establish A New Mixed Motive Theory For Title Vii Cases And Make It Easier For Plaintiffs To Prove Discrimination Claims?, Terrence Cain
Faculty Scholarship
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against an employee “because of” race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This seems simple enough, but if an employer makes an adverse employment decision partly for an impermissible reason and partly for a permissible reason, i.e., if the employer acts with a mixed motive, has the employer acted “because of” the impermissible reason? According to Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar, the answer is no. The Courts in Gross and Nassar held that …
Challenges In Bringing Gender Equity Into The Workplace: Addressing Common Concerns Women Have When Deciding To Hold Employers Accountable For Gender Discrimination, Siobhan Klassen
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
The Evolution Of Gender Equity From A Marxist And Existentialist Perspective, Alexandria Lopez
The Evolution Of Gender Equity From A Marxist And Existentialist Perspective, Alexandria Lopez
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Severe Or Pervasive Should Not Mean Impossible And Unattainable: Why The "Severe Or Pervasive" Standard For A Claim Of Sexual Harassment And Discrimination Should Be Replaced With A Less Stringent And More Current Standard, Kristy D'Angelo-Corker
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Disclosing Discrimination, Stephanie Bornstein
Disclosing Discrimination, Stephanie Bornstein
UF Law Faculty Publications
In the United States, enforcement of laws prohibiting workplace discrimination rests almost entirely on the shoulders of employee victims, who must first file charges with a government agency and then pursue litigation themselves. While the law forbids retaliation against employees who complain, this does little to prevent it, in part because employees are also responsible for initiating any claims of retaliation they experience as a result of their original discrimination claims. The burden on employees to complain—and their justified fear of retaliation if they do so—results in underenforcement of the law and a failure to spot and redress underlying structural …
Salary History And The Equal Pay Act: An Argument For The Adoption Of “Reckless Discrimination” As A Theory Of Liability, Kate Vandenberg
Salary History And The Equal Pay Act: An Argument For The Adoption Of “Reckless Discrimination” As A Theory Of Liability, Kate Vandenberg
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
The Equal Pay Act (EPA) purports to prohibit employers from paying female employees less than male employees with similar qualifications; however, the affirmative defenses provided in the EPA are loopholes that perpetuate the gender pay gap. In particular, the fourth affirmative defense allows for wage differentials based on a “factor other than sex.” Many federal circuits have read this defense broadly to include wage differentials based on salary history. That is, an employer can pay a female employee less than her male counterparts because she was paid less by her previous employer. While salary history was once viewed as an …
Discrimination, The Speech That Enables It, And The First Amendment, Helen Norton
Discrimination, The Speech That Enables It, And The First Amendment, Helen Norton
Publications
Imagine that you’re interviewing for your dream job, only to be asked by the hiring committee whether you’re pregnant. Or HIV positive. Or Muslim. Does the First Amendment protect your interviewers’ inquiries from government regulation? This Article explores that question.
Antidiscrimination laws forbid employers, housing providers, insurers, lenders, and other gatekeepers from relying on certain characteristics in their decision-making. Many of these laws also regulate those actors’ speech by prohibiting them from inquiring about applicants’ protected class characteristics; these provisions seek to stop illegal discrimination before it occurs by preventing gatekeepers from eliciting information that would enable them to discriminate. …
Disgorging Harvey Weinstein's Salary, Jessica K. Fink
Disgorging Harvey Weinstein's Salary, Jessica K. Fink
Faculty Scholarship
Harvey Weinstein dramatically altered the way that people view sexual harassment in the workplace. While workplace sexual harassment is far from a new phenomenon – with many perpetrators of such harassment (including Weinstein himself) having gotten away with this misbehavior for decades – the exposure of Weinstein’s misdeeds opened the floodgates, leading countless women from a variety of work environments to share their own experiences with sexual harassment at work. As the #MeToo movement has continued to occupy the headlines, workplace harassment has begun to seem as ubiquitous as it is distressing.
This intensified spotlight on sexual harassment has exposed …
To Protect Or Not To Protect, An Empirical Approach To Predicting Where The Fourth Circuit Would Stand On Coverage For Sexual Orientation Discrimination Under Title Vii, Mary Stuart King
South Carolina Law Review
No abstract provided.
Brief Of Brian Wolfman, Aderson B. Francois, And Eric Schnapper As Amici Curiae In Support Of Petitioner In Peterson V. Linear Controls Incorporated, No. 18-1401 (U.S. Supreme Court June 6, 2019), Brian Wolfman, Aderson B. François
Brief Of Brian Wolfman, Aderson B. Francois, And Eric Schnapper As Amici Curiae In Support Of Petitioner In Peterson V. Linear Controls Incorporated, No. 18-1401 (U.S. Supreme Court June 6, 2019), Brian Wolfman, Aderson B. François
U.S. Supreme Court Briefs
In Title VII disparate-treatment, employment-discrimination cases, the term “adverse employment action” originally developed as judicial shorthand for the statute’s text, which broadly prohibits any discriminatory conduct by an employer against an employee based on the employee's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. See 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(a)(1). But what started simply as shorthand has taken on a life of its own and now improperly limits the statute’s reach. The Fifth Circuit’s version of the adverse-employment-action rule stands out as especially improper: Only an “ultimate employment decision”—a refusal to hire, a firing, a demotion, or the like—constitutes impermissible discrimination.
In this …
Surviving The “Pretext” Stage Of Mcdonnell Douglas: Should Employment Discrimination And Retaliation Plaintiffs Prove “Motivating Factors” Or But-For Causation?, Alexandra Zabinski
Surviving The “Pretext” Stage Of Mcdonnell Douglas: Should Employment Discrimination And Retaliation Plaintiffs Prove “Motivating Factors” Or But-For Causation?, Alexandra Zabinski
Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice
No abstract provided.
Antidiscriminatory Algorithms, Stephanie Bornstein
Antidiscriminatory Algorithms, Stephanie Bornstein
UF Law Faculty Publications
Can algorithms be used to advance equality goals in the workplace? A handful of legal scholars have raised concerns that the use of big data at work may lead to protected class discrimination that could fall outside the reach of current antidiscrimination law. Existing scholarship suggests that, because algorithms are “facially neutral,” they pose no problem of unequal treatment. As a result, algorithmic discrimination cannot be challenged using a disparate treatment theory of liability under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). Instead, it presents a problem of unequal outcomes, subject to challenge using Title VII’s …
Sb 201 - Sick Leave, Mary Elizabeth D. Steinhaus, Chadwick L. Williams
Sb 201 - Sick Leave, Mary Elizabeth D. Steinhaus, Chadwick L. Williams
Georgia State University Law Review
The Act amends Georgia’s general provisions relating to labor and industrial relations by adding a new provision that requires qualifying employers to allow their employees to use sick leave to care for immediate family members.
Lessons From The Fields: Female Farmworkers And The Law, Maria L. Ontiveros
Lessons From The Fields: Female Farmworkers And The Law, Maria L. Ontiveros
Maine Law Review
In both the fields of labor law and gender studies, we learn the most from experience. The experience of workers coming together to demand equality and respect and the experience of women coming together to share their experiences has led to most of what we study in these fields. Unfortunately, too many times traditional legal doctrine does not fit these experiences. In those cases, we must struggle to change the law to be responsive to the lived experiences of women and workers. This Article explores the lived experiences of one particular group of workers—immigrant farmworking women in California. From their …
“They Outlawed Solidarity!”, Richard Blum
“They Outlawed Solidarity!”, Richard Blum
Seattle University Law Review
In attacking § 8(b)(4)(ii)(B)’s ban on secondary labor picketing in support of a consumer boycott as a violation of the First Amendment, critics have repeatedly condemned the Supreme Court’s reliance on a supposed distinction between “pure speech” and “speech plus conduct,” such as a picket. The Court’s invocation of an “unlawful objectives” doctrine to defend banning speech contrary to public policy has also been repeatedly criticized. After all, picketing has been recognized as protected expressive activity and it is entirely lawful for consumers to choose to boycott the target of a picket. However, commentators have not sought to argue that …
The Last Legally Beaten Servant In America: From Compulsion To Coercion In The American Workplace, Lea Vandervelde
The Last Legally Beaten Servant In America: From Compulsion To Coercion In The American Workplace, Lea Vandervelde
Seattle University Law Review
Historically, the law of master-servant allowed corporal punishment. Today it seems strange to contemplate that intentionally inflicted violence was ever an acceptable method of compelling workers to labor in America. Strange as it seems, the practice of striking servants to discipline them was considered a legitimate, implicit part of the relationship between masters and servants. Servants, as well as slaves, could be subjected to cuffings and even severe beatings as means of “correction” and compulsion to labor. Menial servants, apprentices, and domestic servants could be beaten with hands, fists, straps, sticks, and sometimes whips, all in the name of correction …
The Paradox Of The Right To Contract: Noncompete Agreements As Thirteenth Amendment Violations, Ayesha Bell Hardaway
The Paradox Of The Right To Contract: Noncompete Agreements As Thirteenth Amendment Violations, Ayesha Bell Hardaway
Seattle University Law Review
Employers in a variety of fields are increasingly imposing noncompete agreements on their workers as a condition of the workers’ at-will employment. These employees are working at or near minimum wage, in positions that require little or no advanced technical skills. Major news sources have highlighted this issue while covering recent employment litigation between Jimmy Johns and a pair of its former employees. In this litigation, two plaintiffs filed suit in federal court seeking injunctive relief and declaratory judgment invalidating the noncompete and confidentiality agreements that they signed with the sandwich maker. Granting defendant’s motion to dismiss, the Illinois District …
Brief For Catholic Lay Org. As Amici Curiae Supporting Appellant, Fratello V. Roman Catholic Archdiocese, Leslie C. Griffin
Brief For Catholic Lay Org. As Amici Curiae Supporting Appellant, Fratello V. Roman Catholic Archdiocese, Leslie C. Griffin
Supreme Court Briefs
No abstract provided.
Reply To Brief In Opposition, Melhorn V. Baltimore Washington Conf. Of United Methodist Church, Leslie C. Griffin
Reply To Brief In Opposition, Melhorn V. Baltimore Washington Conf. Of United Methodist Church, Leslie C. Griffin
Supreme Court Briefs
No abstract provided.
Petition For Writ Of Certiorari, Melhorn V. Baltimore Washington Conf. Of United Methodist Church, Leslie C. Griffin
Petition For Writ Of Certiorari, Melhorn V. Baltimore Washington Conf. Of United Methodist Church, Leslie C. Griffin
Supreme Court Briefs
No abstract provided.
Blind Justice: The Need To Introduce Diverse Perspectives Into Our Legal System, Edward H. Richardson
Blind Justice: The Need To Introduce Diverse Perspectives Into Our Legal System, Edward H. Richardson
University of Baltimore Law Review
Peggy Young was finally pregnant. This was the third time that she attempted in vitro fertilization. The first time, in 2005, the procedure was successful, but Young suffered a miscarriage. The second attempt at in vitro fertilization, in February 2006, failed. The third round, in July of 2006, was a success. Each time that Young underwent an in vitro fertilization attempt, she requested, and received, a leave of absence from her job at United Parcel Service (UPS).
But what should have been a joyous occasion-a pregnancy resulting in the birth of Young's daughter Triniti- turned into a battle with UPS …
The Restorative Workplace: An Organizational Learning Approach To Discrimination, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
The Restorative Workplace: An Organizational Learning Approach To Discrimination, Deborah Thompson Eisenberg
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Hidden From View: Disability, Segregation And Work, Elizabeth Pendo
Hidden From View: Disability, Segregation And Work, Elizabeth Pendo
All Faculty Scholarship
The employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 were intended to bring working-age people with disabilities into the workplace by providing options for them to seek and gain meaningful, integrated employment. Although the ADA has made significant gains, the rate of progress in employment has been disappointing. While the lack of progress of people with disabilities in the traditional workplace has received attention, the work done by many, especially those with severe disabilities in segregated workplaces, remains hidden in sheltered workshops. This chapter explores the intersection of the concepts of disability, invisibility, and work and identifies the …
Nurturing Wings Or Clipping Them Off: The Philippine Approach To Female Labor Migration And A Potentially Redeeming Role For The Commission On Human Rights, Emily Sanchez Salcedo
Nurturing Wings Or Clipping Them Off: The Philippine Approach To Female Labor Migration And A Potentially Redeeming Role For The Commission On Human Rights, Emily Sanchez Salcedo
Center for Business Research and Development
The large-scale migration of Filipino workers started in the 1970’s as inadequate local employment and livelihood opportunities pointed to overseas opportunities in the booming economy of oil-rich countries in the Middle East. Though initially dominated by male construction workers and seafarers, female migrant workers, mostly in the health care professions, in domestic services and in the entertainment industry, followed suit and, in the most recent available statistical report, have even slightly outnumbered the men. As of the end of 2014, 50.43% of the 2.32 million overseas Filipino workers are women. Collectively, these overseas workers sent about 27 billion dollars in …
Lifetime Disadvantage, Susan Bisom-Rapp, Malcolm Sargeant
Lifetime Disadvantage, Susan Bisom-Rapp, Malcolm Sargeant
Faculty Scholarship
Lifetime Disadvantage, Discrimination and the Gendered Workforce fills a gap in the literature on discrimination and disadvantage suffered by women at work by focusing on the inadequacies of the current law and the need for a new holistic approach. Each stage of the working life cycle for women is examined with a critical consideration of how the law attempts to address the problems that inhibit women's labor force participation. By using their model of lifetime disadvantage, the authors show how the law adopts an incremental and disjointed approach to resolving the challenges, and argue that a more holistic orientation towards …