Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons^™

La Cesión De Derechos En El Código Civil Peruano, Edward Ivan Cueva

Edward Ivan Cueva

La Cesión de Derechos en el Código Civil Peruano

Segundo Congreso Nacional De Organismos Públicos Autónomos, Bruno L. Costantini García

Bruno L. Costantini García

Memorias del Segundo Congreso Nacional de Organismos Públicos Autónomos. "Autonomía, Profesionalización, Control y Transparencia"

Algunos Apuntes En Torno A La Prescripción Extintiva Y La Caducidad, Edward Ivan Cueva

Edward Ivan Cueva

No abstract provided.

Immigration Reform In America: Past, Present, And Future, Thaddeus Coffman

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

This paper examines immigration legislation throughout the history of the United States. The author has divided the focus of legislative activity into four main eras: the Laissez- Fair Era (1789-1875), the Anti-Asian Era (1876-1920), the National Origin Quotas Era (1921-1953), and the Illegal Immigration Era (1954-present). While these eras are not all inclusive, they are indicative of the main focus of legislation passed during their time. The author then compares the impact of major legislation passed during these eras to three current proposals aimed at addressing the increasing issue of illegal immigration: two versions of a guest-worker program and amnesty/legalization …

Surfing Past The Pall Of Orthodoxy: Why The First Amendment Virtually Guarantees Online Law School Graduates Will Breach The Aba Accreditation Barrier, Nicholas C. Dranias

ExpressO

The impact of the constitutional dilemma created by the ABA’s aversion to Internet schooling is widespread. Currently, 18 states and 2 U.S. territories restrict bar exam eligibility to graduates of ABA-accredited law schools. Additionally, 29 states and 1 U.S. territory restrict admission to practice on motion to graduates of ABA-accredited law schools.

Although numerous lawsuits have been filed in ultimately failed efforts to strike down bar admission rules that restrict eligibility to graduates of ABA-accredited law schools, none has challenged the ABA-accreditation requirement based on the First Amendment’s prohibition on media discrimination. This Article makes that case.

Despite accelerating technological …

Title Vi And The Warren County Protests, Bradford Mank

Faculty Articles and Other Publications

One part of the 1982 civil rights struggle against building a Polychlorinated Biphenyls ("PCB") landfill in Warren County, North Carolina, was a suit by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ("NAACP") under Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Although the suit was unsuccessful, the Warren County protests led to a 1983 General Accounting Office study and a 1987 United Church of Christ's Commission on Racial Justice (CRJ) study, both of which found that hazardous waste facilities were more likely to be located in minority communities. The Warren County protests and the two studies helped build …

The Crime, The Case, The Killer Cocktail: Why Maryland's Capital Punishment Procedure Constitutes Cruel And Unusual Punishment, Matthew E. Feinberg

Matthew E Feinberg

Recent challenges to the death penalty argue that the anesthetic used in a majority of executions can wear off prior to death. Eye-witness accounts provide evidence that often, executions have not been completed painlessly, even when procedures are presumably completed in conformance with protocol. The lack of experience and training of Maryland's execution team produces a risk of botched executions. Finally, the drug cocktail is so powerful that it has been banned for use on animals due to the intense pain it inflicts. Each of these four concerns present a significant risk of excruciating pain for the inmate. The culmination …

略论法国行政法中的裁量权及其司法控制 [On The Judical Control Of Discretionary Power In French Administrative Law], Yongxi Chen

Clement Yongxi Chen

行政裁量权在普通法的行政法中占有举足轻重的地位，与此相比，裁量权在法国行政法中并没有受到同等规格的待遇。裁量权在普通法的行政法学著作中常以专章出现，而在法国行政法的教材中，它往往分散于论述合法性原则的各个章节之中，较少被集中研究。个中原因，大约可举出两点。一是，在名称上，它留有旧制度的痕迹——在十九世纪最高行政法院的判例中，“‘裁量行为（actes discrétionnaires）’指的是不受任何诉讼质疑的行政行为” 。在很多时候，“裁量权”意味着强大的行政权力。尽管20世纪以来的行政法院判例已发展出数种技术，在较大程度上将裁量权置于司法审查之下，但是，裁量权总是含有一种不让法学家和律师信任的意味。二是，在法国行政法学者的眼里，普通法、尤其是英国普通法下的行政法，偏重对行政行为的审查，可看作一个审查体系（système de contrôle），相比之下，法国行政法的外延更为广阔，是一个规则体系（système de règle），它以合法性原则（principe de légalité，也被称为行政法治原则 ）为核心，涵盖了行政组织、行政行为等各个方面的多种类、多层次的规范，这些规范按照各自所属的渊源位阶高低，组合成一个宏大而精密的凯尔森式的规则体系 。因此，对裁量权的认识，应该在合法性原则的框架内进行。

一方面，法学家承认裁量权的重要性，认为合法性原则没有排斥行政机关拥有决定的自由——裁量权，而且，从这个角度看，裁量权构成了对合法性原则的限制。另一方面，法学家强调裁量权不等于“任意裁断”，倾向于将它置于合法性原则的影响之下，坚持裁量权只不过是“在（至少）两种合乎合法性原则的决定或行为之间选择的权力”，自由裁量永远只是在法律允许范围内的自由裁量。

在这种颇有点相互矛盾的心态的推动下，不仅法学理论尝试调和行政自主和法治要求之间的张力，行政法官也坚持不懈地创造出新的审查技术，尤其是“明显错误”审查、“损益表” 比例审查等，因应社会需求的变化对不断膨胀的行政裁量施加判例法上的约束，又力图避免一刀切式的羁束。下文将首先介绍法国行政法学对裁量权概念、性质和意义的看法，其后再结合判例考察在裁量权在司法实践中受到的控制。