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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Antitrust and Trade Regulation
The Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law: New Developments And Empirical Evidence, Michael Faure, Xinzhu Zhang, Susan Farmer
The Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law: New Developments And Empirical Evidence, Michael Faure, Xinzhu Zhang, Susan Farmer
Susan Beth Farmer
Beth Farmer contributed the following chapter: "Competition Policy in China: Trends in Private Civil Litigation"
Effective enforcement of competition laws and regulations benefits society, consumers and market participants, and promotes a competition culture. Private civil actions can contribute to healthy economic development (AML Article 1), consumer welfare, and economic efficiency and more complete and effective enforcement of competition law. This chapter discusses developments in private civil actions under the Chinese AML in the context of recent Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court, national development goals, and the experience of four years of active civil litigation. A spokesperson of the Intellectual …
The Impact Of China's Antitrust Law And Other Competition Policies On U.S. Companies, Susan Beth Farmer
The Impact Of China's Antitrust Law And Other Competition Policies On U.S. Companies, Susan Beth Farmer
Susan Beth Farmer
This article is based on the author's testimony for part of the hearings on “The Impact of China’s Antitrust Law and Other Competition Policies On U.S. Companies,” held by the House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Courts and Competition Policy on July 13, 2010. It describes developments in the enforcement and application of the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law, interpretation and enforcement during the two years since the AML came into effect, with particular attention to merger review. It comments on the organization and staffing of the enforcement agencies and the publication of numerous procedures, guidelines and regulations, which suggests that …
The Evolution Of Chinese Merger Notification Guidelines: A Work In Progress Integrating Global Consensus And Domestic Imperatives, Susan Beth Farmer
The Evolution Of Chinese Merger Notification Guidelines: A Work In Progress Integrating Global Consensus And Domestic Imperatives, Susan Beth Farmer
Susan Beth Farmer
China is among the most recent entrants into global competition enforcement, having adopted the first competition law of general application, the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) after more than a decade of drafting. The AML and Merger Notification Thresholds, rules issued by decree of the State Council, became effective on August 3, 2008. Both the law and the guidelines were subject to public review and comment, and went through a number of drafts before final adoption.
This article is a comprehensive comparison of merger standards across jurisdictions, with particular focus on the evolution of merger regulation in China. It comprises six parts; …
Resolving Competition Related Disputes Under The Aml: Theory & Practice, Susan Beth Farmer
Resolving Competition Related Disputes Under The Aml: Theory & Practice, Susan Beth Farmer
Susan Beth Farmer
This presentation was given at the European China Law Studies 2014 Conference, Making, Enforcing and Accessing the Law, in Hong Kong. The presentation addresses the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law (AML), the MOFCOMM, NDRC, and SAIC, and litigation before the Supreme People's Court.
Merger Control Under China's Anti-Monopoly Law, D. Daniel Sokol
Merger Control Under China's Anti-Monopoly Law, D. Daniel Sokol
D. Daniel Sokol
This essay explores the factors that drive merger outcomes under China's Anti-Monopoly Law (AML). While there are currently only a small number of published merger decisions, this paper overcomes that obstacle by utilizing a unique practitioner survey of antitrust lawyers across multiple jurisdictions. This survey captures transactions contemplated, but never undertaken (deterred by the merger regime), as well as mergers notified for approval under the AML. The survey allows for broader inferences to be drawn about the development of Chinese antitrust law, including: the welfare standard used in merger analysis, what industrial policy and other political factors may impact merger …
Puzzles In Controlling Shareholder Regimes And China: Shareholder Primacy And (Quasi) Monopoly, Sang Yop Kang
Puzzles In Controlling Shareholder Regimes And China: Shareholder Primacy And (Quasi) Monopoly, Sang Yop Kang
Sang Yop Kang
Professor Mark Roe explained that the shareholder wealth maximization norm (“the norm”) is not fit for a country with a (quasi) monopoly, because the norm encourages managers to maximize monopoly rents, to the detriment of the national economy. This Article provides new findings and counter-intuitive arguments as to the tension created by the norm and (quasi) monopoly by exploring three key corporate governance concepts that Roe did not examine—(1) “controlling minority structure” (CMS), where dominant shareholders hold a fractional ownership in their controlled-corporations, (2) “tunneling” (i.e., illicit transfer of corporate wealth to controlling shareholders), and (3) Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). …
Avenues To Foreign Investment In China’S Shipping Industry—Have Lease Financing Arrangements And The Free Trade Zones Opened Markets For Foreign Non-Bank Investment?, Rick Beaumont
Rick Beaumont
No abstract provided.
Avenues To Foreign Investment In China’S Shipping Industry—Have Lease Financing Arrangements And The Free Trade Zones Opened Markets For Foreign Non-Bank Investment?, Rick Beaumont
Rick Beaumont
No abstract provided.
China's Competition Policy Reforms: The Anti-Monopoly Law And Beyond, Bruce M. Owen, Su Sun, Wentong Zheng
China's Competition Policy Reforms: The Anti-Monopoly Law And Beyond, Bruce M. Owen, Su Sun, Wentong Zheng
Wentong Zheng
In August 2007, China adopted the Antimonopoly Law, its first comprehensive antitrust legislation, thirteen years after the drafting of the law began. Such a protracted legislative process is highly unusual in China, and can only be explained by the controversies the law presents. This paper discusses the fundamental issues in China’s economy that give rise to the challenges China faced in the drafting and adoption of the Antimonopoly Law. Those fundamental issues include the role of state-owned enterprises, perceived excessive competition, mergers and acquisitions by foreign companies, administrative monopolies, and the enforcement of the Antimonopoly Law. How China will enforce …
Transplanting Antitrust In China: Economic Transition, Market Structure, And State Control, Wentong Zheng
Transplanting Antitrust In China: Economic Transition, Market Structure, And State Control, Wentong Zheng
Wentong Zheng
This Article examines the compatibility of Western antitrust models as incorporated in China's first comprehensive antitrust law – the Antimonopoly Law ("AML") – with China's local conditions. It identifies three forces that shape competition law and policy in China: China's current transitional stage, China's market structures, and pervasive state control in China's economy. This Article discusses how these forces have limited the applicability of Western antitrust models to China in three major areas of antitrust: cartels, abuse of dominant market position, and merger review. Specifically, it details how these forces have prevented China from pursuing a rigorous anti-cartel policy, how …
Counting Once, Counting Twice: The Precarious State Of Subsidy Regulation, Wentong Zheng
Counting Once, Counting Twice: The Precarious State Of Subsidy Regulation, Wentong Zheng
Wentong Zheng
Subsidy regulation is in a precarious state. While it has been so ever since the conception of the current subsidy regulation regime, the recent disputes between the United States and China over the “double counting” or “double remedies” of subsidies have threatened the mere functionality of the current regime. This Article argues that the double counting controversy reveals the self-contradictions of the current subsidy regulation regime as to the fundamental question of why subsidies need to be regulated. These self-contradictions make it impossible to devise a coherent solution to the double counting problem within the framework of the current subsidy …
Confucianism And Antitrust: China's Emerging Evolutionary Approach To Anti-Monopoly Law, Thomas J. Horton
Confucianism And Antitrust: China's Emerging Evolutionary Approach To Anti-Monopoly Law, Thomas J. Horton
Thomas J. Horton
In August, 2007, the People’s Republic of China, through its National People’s Congress, enacted its Anti-Monopoly Law, which took effect in August, 2008. This article discusses the historical, cultural, and philosophical values that have helped to shape and influence China’s current AML. Rather than following the United States and Europe, China appears to be charting its own course in interpreting and enforcing its competition laws. Based upon China’s history, culture, and Confucian ethics and morals, this article forecasts that China’s future AML enforcement will be based upon social, moral, and ethical considerations, as well as economic ones. This article concludes …
Foreign Investment Catalogues And Investment Environment In China, Tao Liang
Foreign Investment Catalogues And Investment Environment In China, Tao Liang
Tao LIANG
China’S New Anti-Monopoly Law: Big Trouble In Little China?, Henry C. Cheng
China’S New Anti-Monopoly Law: Big Trouble In Little China?, Henry C. Cheng
Henry C Cheng
China’s New Anti-monopoly Law: Big Trouble in Little China? addresses China’s new Anti-Monopoly Law (“AML”) that became effective in August 2008, specifically the implications of provisions related to China’s state-owned enterprises ("SOEs"). It explores the legislative history of the AML and provides interpretations of the pertinent provisions.
In addition, the article is the first to synthesize competition laws from the U.S. and the European Community in order to apply them in another country. To achieve that, the author embarked on a comprehensive research on the development of competition laws in the US and the EC. There has been no work …