Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Education Law (178)
- Constitutional Law (62)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (57)
- State and Local Government Law (41)
- Law and Race (39)
-
- First Amendment (32)
- Law and Society (30)
- Fourteenth Amendment (20)
- Religion Law (20)
- Legislation (19)
- Education (16)
- Supreme Court of the United States (15)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (14)
- Juvenile Law (12)
- Litigation (12)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (9)
- Courts (8)
- Disability Law (8)
- Labor and Employment Law (8)
- Health Law and Policy (7)
- Arts and Humanities (6)
- Education Policy (6)
- Sexuality and the Law (6)
- Education Economics (5)
- Human Rights Law (5)
- Law and Politics (5)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (4)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (4)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (4)
- Institution
-
- University of Michigan Law School (86)
- Duke Law (11)
- SelectedWorks (11)
- Fordham Law School (10)
- Selected Works (9)
-
- Vanderbilt University Law School (8)
- Western New England University School of Law (8)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (7)
- Pepperdine University (6)
- St. Mary's University (5)
- University of Georgia School of Law (5)
- University of Miami Law School (5)
- Cleveland State University (4)
- Cornell University Law School (4)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (4)
- University of Missouri School of Law (4)
- University of South Carolina (4)
- Valparaiso University (4)
- West Virginia University (4)
- Louisiana State University Law Center (3)
- Northern Illinois University (3)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (3)
- University of Baltimore Law (3)
- University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (3)
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law (3)
- University of New Hampshire (3)
- University of Richmond (3)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (3)
- Boston University School of Law (2)
- George Washington University Law School (2)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Michigan Law Review (34)
- University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform (25)
- Faculty Scholarship (20)
- Michigan Journal of Race and Law (16)
- Vanderbilt Law Review (7)
-
- Articles (6)
- Fordham Law Review (6)
- Faculty Publications (5)
- Law Faculty Publications (5)
- Pepperdine Law Review (5)
- Scholarly Works (5)
- Cornell Law Faculty Publications (4)
- Michael Heise (4)
- Missouri Law Review (4)
- West Virginia Law Review (4)
- All Faculty Scholarship (3)
- Articles by Maurer Faculty (3)
- Duke Law Journal (3)
- Faculty Works (3)
- Jacqueline Webb (3)
- Louisiana Law Review (3)
- Michigan Journal of Gender & Law (3)
- Policy Briefs (3)
- The University of New Hampshire Law Review (3)
- University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class (3)
- University of Miami Law Review (3)
- Akron Law Review (2)
- Cleveland State Law Review (2)
- Fordham Urban Law Journal (2)
- GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works (2)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 272
Full-Text Articles in Law
Banned Books & Banned Identities: Maintaining Secularism And The Ability To Read In Public Education For The Well-Being Of America's Youth, Megan M. Tylenda
Banned Books & Banned Identities: Maintaining Secularism And The Ability To Read In Public Education For The Well-Being Of America's Youth, Megan M. Tylenda
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
Books containing LGBTQ+ themes and characters are being removed from public school libraries at a rapid rate across the United States. While a book challenge has made it to the Supreme Court once before, the resulting singular plurality opinion left courts without a clear test to apply, ultimately leaving students’ First Amendment rights in the air. Additionally, the increasingly relaxed view of courts towards religious influence in public schools indicates that if a modern case were to reach the Supreme Court, religious challenges may be accepted, which would leave LGBTQ+ students who seek to see themselves represented in literature without …
The Centennial Of Meyer And Pierce: Parents’ Rights, Gender-Affirming Care, And Issues In Education, Ira C. Lupu
The Centennial Of Meyer And Pierce: Parents’ Rights, Gender-Affirming Care, And Issues In Education, Ira C. Lupu
GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works
This paper was prepared for a Symposium marking the centennial of the Supreme Court’s decisions in Meyer v. Nebraska (1923) and Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925). At their inception, Meyer and Pierce reflected constitutional principles of economic freedom and parental control of their children’s education. Part I traces the path of ideas put in motion by Meyer and Pierce. These include the decline of their economic freedom component and the broader grounding of their doctrines of parental authority. Eventually, the legacy of Meyer and Pierce expanded to include First Amendment concerns of religious exercise and knowledge acquisition; Fourteenth Amendment …
Incombustible Ideas: Evaluating The Impact Of Federal Court Opinions Regarding Book Banning In Public-School Libraries, Noah T. Holloway
Incombustible Ideas: Evaluating The Impact Of Federal Court Opinions Regarding Book Banning In Public-School Libraries, Noah T. Holloway
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
No abstract provided.
Tax Benefits And Fairness In K–12 Education, Linda Sugin
Tax Benefits And Fairness In K–12 Education, Linda Sugin
Faculty Scholarship
This Article examines the tax law’s subsidies for inequality and segregation in primary and secondary education, analyzing the federal charitable deduction and education savings plans, and state tax credits for education. It argues that the tax system diverts funds from traditional public education into private education, fostering economic, racial, religious, and political separation. The tax law also operates to increase resource inequality within public education by subsidizing schools that affluent children attend. In a novel analysis, the Article contends that the jurisprudence around the charitable deduction for education—though longstanding—is legally incoherent, and argues that no deduction should ever be allowed …
Worker Participation In A Time Of Covid: A Case Study Of Occupational Health And Safety Regulation In Ontario, Alan Hall, Eric Tucker
Worker Participation In A Time Of Covid: A Case Study Of Occupational Health And Safety Regulation In Ontario, Alan Hall, Eric Tucker
Articles & Book Chapters
This study examines worker voice in the development and implementation of safety plans or protocols for covid-19 prevention among hospital workers, long-term care workers, and education workers in the Canadian province of Ontario. Although Ontario occupational health and safety law and official public health policy appear to recognize the need for active consultation with workers and labour unions, there were limited – and in some cases no – efforts by employers to meaningfully involve workers, worker representatives (reps), or union officials in assessing covid-19 risks and planning protection and prevention measures. The political and legal efforts of workers and unions …
The Effects Of “No Pro Homo” Policies On Lgbtq+ Perceptions In The American South, Isabella L. Brocato
The Effects Of “No Pro Homo” Policies On Lgbtq+ Perceptions In The American South, Isabella L. Brocato
Honors Theses
Five states in the American South currently have “no pro homo” policies in place, while an increasing number of bills targeting discussions about sexuality and gender identity in public schools are being introduced to House floors around the country. Although there is extensive research on the ways in which these policies put the physical and mental well-being of LGBTQ+ students at risk, there is little to no research about how they shape public perceptions of the LGBTQ+ community collectively. With inspiration from Kenneth and Mamie Clark’s social science study cited in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), this study works …
Institutional Betrayals As Sex Discrimination, Emily Suski
Institutional Betrayals As Sex Discrimination, Emily Suski
Faculty Publications
Title IX jurisprudence has a theoretical and doctrinal inadequacy. Title IX’s purpose is to protect public school students from sex discrimination in all its forms. Yet, courts have only recognized three relatively narrow forms of sex discrimination under it. Title IX jurisprudence, therefore, cannot effectively recognize as sex discrimination the independent injuries, called institutional betrayals, that schools impose on students because they have suffered sexual harassment. Institutional betrayals occur when schools betray students’ trust in or dependency on them by failing to help students in the face of their sexual harassment. These injuries cause harms that can be more severe …
Outside Tinker’S Reach: An Examination Of Mahanoy Area School District V. B. L. And Its Implications, Michelle Hunt
Outside Tinker’S Reach: An Examination Of Mahanoy Area School District V. B. L. And Its Implications, Michelle Hunt
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
In the 1969 landmark case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the Supreme Court reassured students that they do not “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.” Ever since then, the exact scope of students’ free speech rights has been unclear, but the high court has used Tinker’s substantial disruption test to clarify its scope in successive legal challenges. In 2017, B. L., a Mahanoy Area School District student, was suspended from her cheerleading team after using vulgar language off-campus that made its way back to her coaches. She …
House Bill 3: An Iou Texas Public Schools And Communities Of Color Cannot Afford, Candace L. Castillo
House Bill 3: An Iou Texas Public Schools And Communities Of Color Cannot Afford, Candace L. Castillo
The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice
A history of school finance litigation and legislation shows there are inherent and structural problems in Texas’s education finance system. Like many government and social structures, the Texas school finance system is built to benefit school districts that have greater access to wealth to begin with and creates inequalities between rich and poor populations as well as between people of color and Caucasians. House Bill 3 went into effect in 2019 and promises improvements to “recapture” calculations, increases in certain allotments, as well as salary increases for some Texas teachers. Some changes to education finance were sorely needed such as …
The Lost Promise Of Disability Rights, Claire Raj
The Lost Promise Of Disability Rights, Claire Raj
Michigan Law Review
Children with disabilities are among the most vulnerable students in public schools. They are the most likely to be bullied, harassed, restrained, or segregated. For these and other reasons, they also have the poorest academic outcomes. Overcoming these challenges requires full use of the laws enacted to protect these students’ affirmative right to equal access and an environment free from discrimination. Yet, courts routinely deny their access to two such laws—the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (section 504).
Courts too often overlook the affirmative obligations contained in these two disability rights …
Catalytic Courts And Enforcement Of Constitutional Education Funding Provisions, Hugh D. Spitzer, Andy Omara
Catalytic Courts And Enforcement Of Constitutional Education Funding Provisions, Hugh D. Spitzer, Andy Omara
Articles
It is well-recognized that it is easier for judges to enforce constitutional “negative rights” provisions than positive social and economic rights. This article focuses on the challenges of enforcing one specific positive right: the constitutional right of children to attend adequately funded schools. Our article tests on-the-ground judicial implementation of education funding provisions against the general theoretical framework of judicial interaction with the political branches developed by Katharine Young. We analyze how, in multi-year, multi-decision litigation, constitutional court judges in the three jurisdictions we studied actively experimented with the challenging task of forcing, or enticing, reluctant legislative and executive branches …
Bigotry, Civility, And Reinvigorating Civic Education: Government's Formative Task Amidst Polarization, Linda C. Mcclain
Bigotry, Civility, And Reinvigorating Civic Education: Government's Formative Task Amidst Polarization, Linda C. Mcclain
Faculty Scholarship
In the U.S. and around the globe, concerns over a decline in civility and tolerance and a surge in lethal extremist violence motivated by hatred of religious and racial groups make condemning—and preventing—hatred and bigotry seem urgent. What meaning can the ideal of e pluribus unum (“out of many one”) have in this fraught and polarized environment? Within the U.S., a long line of jurists, politicians, and educators have invoked civic education in public schools as vital to preserving constitutional democracy and a healthy pluralism. How can schools carry out such a civic role in times of democratic discord and …
The Importance Of Having Properly Funded Art Programs And The Benefits It Brings To Public Schools, Chelsey Brown
The Importance Of Having Properly Funded Art Programs And The Benefits It Brings To Public Schools, Chelsey Brown
Liberal Arts Capstones
This presentation is to help raise awareness towards art education in schools and how these programs are losing their funding. The main focus is to present information on how the arts benefit people in both the school and in more public settings. Politics affect how much money is given to the arts and if the school is not art-rich, they may suffer and have a poorly funded arts program. The arts provide cognitive, health, and social benefits that can help kids learn and can also help those who participate in community programs. Students who participate in art, music, theater, or …
Strategies For Equitable Access: Identifying Benefits And Strategies For Creating Integrated Public Schools, Annotated Examples Of Current School District Enrollment Practices, And Resources For Further Exploration, Lisa A. Gooden
Faculty Works
Prepared for the Equity Oriented Strategic Planning Committee for Kansas City Public Schools. Includes a summary of the benefits of integrated schools, strategies for creating equitable schools, annotated examples of current practices employed by public school districts in the United States to foster equitable access to education, and list of links to additional resources for further reading.
Mccleary V. State And The Washington State Supreme Court's Retention Of Jurisdiction—A Success Story For Washington Public Schools?, Jessica R. Burns
Mccleary V. State And The Washington State Supreme Court's Retention Of Jurisdiction—A Success Story For Washington Public Schools?, Jessica R. Burns
Seattle University Law Review SUpra
No abstract provided.
Valuing All Identities Beyond The Schoolhouse Gate: The Case For Inclusivity As A Civic Virtue In K-12, Sacha M. Coupet
Valuing All Identities Beyond The Schoolhouse Gate: The Case For Inclusivity As A Civic Virtue In K-12, Sacha M. Coupet
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Increasing social and political polarization in our society continues to exact a heavy toll marked by, among other social ills, a rise in uncivility, an increase in reported hate crimes, and a more pronounced overall climate of intolerance—for viewpoints, causes, and identities alike. Intolerance, either a cause or a consequence of our fraying networks of social engagement, is rampant, hindering our ability to live up to our de facto national motto, “E Pluribus Unum,” or “Out of Many, One” and prompting calls for how best to build a cohesive civil society. Within the public school—an institution conceived primarily …
Restraints In Massachusetts Public Schools, Elyce Hall
Restraints In Massachusetts Public Schools, Elyce Hall
Master’s Theses and Projects
The purpose of this research study was to investigate the moral and legal issues around physically restraining students in Massachusetts public schools. As Massachusetts law is written, the use of restraints on a student should be the last possible resort. However, this thesis used data on restraint use from the Massachusetts Department of Education and a survey of school administrators to gain a better understanding of the 38,994 student restraints that were used in 2016-2017 school year. Findings of this study include that Hispanic and African-American students were more likely to attend schools that used restraints than those that did …
Private Schools' Role And Rights In Setting Vaccination Policy: A Constitutional And Statutory Puzzle, Hillel Y. Levin
Private Schools' Role And Rights In Setting Vaccination Policy: A Constitutional And Statutory Puzzle, Hillel Y. Levin
Scholarly Works
Measles and other vaccine-preventable childhood diseases are making a comeback, as a growing number of parents are electing not to vaccinate their children. May private schools refuse admission to these students? This deceptively simple question raises complex issues of First Amendment law and statutory interpretation, and it also has implications for other current hot-button issues in constitutional law, including whether private schools may discriminate against LGBTQ students. This Article is the first to address the issue of private schools’ rights to exclude unvaccinated children. It finds that the answer is “it depends.” It also offers a model law that states …
The Right To Be And Become: Black Home-Educators As Child Privacy Protectors, Najarian R. Peters
The Right To Be And Become: Black Home-Educators As Child Privacy Protectors, Najarian R. Peters
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
The right to privacy is one of the most fundamental rights in American jurisprudence. In 1890, Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis conceptualized the right to privacy as the right to be let alone and inspired privacy jurisprudence that tracked their initial description. Warren and Brandeis conceptualized further that this right was not exclusively meant to protect one’s body or physical property. Privacy rights were protective of “the products and the processes of the mind” and the “inviolate personality.” Privacy was further understood to protect the ability to “live one’s life as one chooses, free from assault, intrusion or …
Making A Reasonable Calculation: A Strategic Amendment To The Idea, Hetali M. Lodaya
Making A Reasonable Calculation: A Strategic Amendment To The Idea, Hetali M. Lodaya
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) lays out a powerful set of protections and procedural safeguards for students with disabilities in public schools. Nevertheless, there is a persistent debate as to how far schools must go to fulfill their mandate under the IDEA. The Supreme Court recently addressed this question with its decision in Endrew F. v. Douglas Cty. School District Re-1, holding that an educational program for a student with a disability must be “reasonably calculated” to enable a child’s progress in light of their circumstances. Currently, the Act’s statutory language mandates Individual Education Program (IEP) teams …
Private Schools' Role And Rights In Setting Vaccination Policy: A Constitutional And Statutory Puzzle, Hillel Y. Levin
Private Schools' Role And Rights In Setting Vaccination Policy: A Constitutional And Statutory Puzzle, Hillel Y. Levin
Scholarly Works
Measles and other vaccine-preventable childhood diseases are making a comeback, as a growing number of parents are electing not to vaccinate their children. May private schools refuse admission to these students? This deceptively simple question raises complex issues of First Amendment law and statutory interpretation, and it also has implications for other current hot-button issues in constitutional law, including whether private schools may discriminate against LGBTQ students. This Article is the first to address the issue of private schools’ rights to exclude unvaccinated children. It finds that the answer is “it depends.” It also offers a model law that states …
The Supreme Court And Public Schools, Erwin Chemerinsky
The Supreme Court And Public Schools, Erwin Chemerinsky
Erwin Chemerinsky
Review of Justin Driver's The Schoolhouse Gate: Public Education, the Supreme Court, and the Battle for the American Mind.
Mental Health Care In America: Addressing The Mental Health Crisis In Public Schools, Connor Breza
Mental Health Care In America: Addressing The Mental Health Crisis In Public Schools, Connor Breza
Health Law Outlook
No abstract provided.
The Supreme Court And Public Schools, Erwin Chemerinsky
The Supreme Court And Public Schools, Erwin Chemerinsky
Michigan Law Review
Review of Justin Driver's The Schoolhouse Gate: Public Education, the Supreme Court, and the Battle for the American Mind.
Post-Accountability Accountability, Nicole Stelle Garnett
Post-Accountability Accountability, Nicole Stelle Garnett
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Over the past few decades, parental choice has exploded in the United States. Yet, despite early proponents’ hopes that parental choice would eliminate the need to regulate school quality—since parents’ choices would serve an accountability function—demands to use the law to hold chosen schools accountable for their academic performance are central features of education-reform debates today. This is an opportune time to consider the issue of academic accountability and parental choice. Parental choice has gained a firm foothold in the American educational landscape. As it continues to expand, debates about accountability for chosen schools will only intensify. The questions of …
Power And Powerlessness In The Shale Valley Schools: Fracking For Funding, Jacqueline Yahn
Power And Powerlessness In The Shale Valley Schools: Fracking For Funding, Jacqueline Yahn
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Fortification Of Inequality: Constitutional Doctrine And The Political Economy, Kate Andrias
The Fortification Of Inequality: Constitutional Doctrine And The Political Economy, Kate Andrias
Articles
As Parts I and II of this Essay elaborate, the examination yields three observations of relevance to constitutional law more generally: First, judge-made constitutional doctrine, though by no means the primary cause of rising inequality, has played an important role in reinforcing and exacerbating it. Judges have acquiesced to legislatively structured economic inequality, while also restricting the ability of legislatures to remedy it. Second, while economic inequality has become a cause célèbre only in the last few years, much of the constitutional doctrine that has contributed to its flourishing is longstanding. Moreover, for several decades, even the Court’s more liberal …
Educational Equality For Children With Disabilities: The 2016 Term Cases, Samuel R. Bagenstos
Educational Equality For Children With Disabilities: The 2016 Term Cases, Samuel R. Bagenstos
Book Chapters
One of the most longstanding debates in educational policy pits the goal of equality against the goal of adequacy: Should we aim to guarantee that all children receive an equal education? Or simply that they all receive an adequate education? The debate is vexing in part because there are many ways to specify “equality” and “adequacy.” Are we talking about equality of inputs (which inputs?), equality of opportunity (to achieve what?), or equality of results (which results?)? Douglas Rae and his colleagues famously argued that there are no fewer than 108 structurally distinct conceptions of equality. And how do we …
The Failure Of Education Federalism, Kristi L. Bowman
The Failure Of Education Federalism, Kristi L. Bowman
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Since the Great Recession of 2007–09, states have devoted even less money to public education and state courts have become even more hostile to structural reform litigation that has sought to challenge education funding and quality. Yet the current model of education federalism (dual federalism) leaves these matters largely to the states. As a result, state-level legislative inaction, executive acquiescence, and judicial abdication can combine to create a situation in which the quality of traditional public schools declines sharply. This is the case in Michigan, which is an unusually important state not only because the dynamics that are emerging in …
Restraints, Seclusion, And The Disabled Student: The Blurred Lines Between Safety And Physical Punishment, Lanette Suarez
Restraints, Seclusion, And The Disabled Student: The Blurred Lines Between Safety And Physical Punishment, Lanette Suarez
University of Miami Law Review
No abstract provided.