Law Commons^™

Law, Society, And Religion: Islam And The West, Paolo Davide Farah

Book Chapters

Law and religion are present in almost every society, where the predominance of one over the other can greatly vary, and, in some cases, they both contend for authority over the citizenry. From a historical standpoint, this resulted in a constant change in the relationship between law and religion. Globalization also had a role in this regard. In some instances, globalization exacerbates differences between religions instead of encouraging mediation; it seeks to fill the gap left by the diminishing role of religion in the West. Globalization also competes with religion; both are looking for ways to regulate conduct and push …

Oppression In American, Islamic, And Jewish Private Law, Rabea Benhalim

University of Colorado Law Review

American, Islamic, and Jewish law all limit the enforcement of private law agreements incases of oppression and exploitation. But each system uses a different justification. The common thread among the three legal systems is the opposition from jurists to enforce contracts with a fundamental aspect of oppression. The reasoning for preventing oppression within the law is distinct to each legal system. The American legal system roots the justification in preserving free will and ensuring actual consent to contract. Islamic l provides justifications based on the divine vision for an equitable and just society articulated in the Quran. Jewish law argues …

Global Issues In A Globalized World: The Unescapable Dialogue Between SharīʿA And The Constitution, Paolo Davide Farah

Book Chapters

In an increasingly globalized world, a world in flux, which is constantly subject to rapid circulation of information, change is a dimension that we all experience in our lives with ever increasing frequency. Change, be it that of customs and fashion or that of laws and systems of government, is something which now seems impossible to escape. Change is an integral part of our unstable contemporaneity.

This is not only a continuous change but also a rapid one. In such a social and political environment, at a global and local level, it is more and more difficult to find a …

Implications Of The Selection Of Islamic Law In European Private International Law, Grace Brody

Michigan Journal of International Law

The English Court of Appeal in Beximco v. Shamil Bank chose to apply only English law in a breach of contract case, even though the choice of law clause in the contract at issue also selected Islamic law. The court cited three main reasons for this decision. First, article 3(1) of the Rome I Convention “contemplates” that a contract can be governed only by the “law of a country,” and there is no mention of the application of a “non-national system of law such as Sharia law.” Second, Islamic law does not consist of “principles of law” but instead a …

English Courts And Transnational Islamic Divorces: What Role For Personal Liberty Of Muslim Women?, Ilias Bantekas

University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review

English courts consider the validity of a talaq obtained abroad on the basis of the lex matrimonii, without examining whether the circumstance of the divorce, both factual and legal, offend English public policy. An anthropological inquiry into talaq obtained in most Muslim nations reveals that androcentric culture – as opposed to religious prescription as such – largely distorts the Quranic vision of this institution. This author suggests that English courts and the scholarly/religious community should entertain the notion of the contractual nature of nikah (marriage) in order to assess the consequences of the talaq. If a nikah is entered into …

Effectiveness Of The Existing International Humanitarian Law Provisions In Protecting The Natural Environment During Internal Armed Conflicts, Joharah M. Alkahtani

Dissertations & Theses

The environment is inherently at risk in any armed conflict and the natural environment is always a victim of wars. In order to properly protect the environment, the international community must explicitly recognize the civilian nature of the environment and bar all damages to it notwithstanding its extent, longevity and severity. The current study focuses on the environmental protection during armed conflicts. In World War I, parties employed the indiscriminate use of chemical weapons as a way of gaining military advantage over their enemies. The world responded by adopting the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and …

Sacred Corporate Law, Giancarlo Anello, Sergio Alberto Gramitto Ricci, Mohamed Arafa

Faculty Works

This Article investigates the sacred origins of the corporate form. It sheds light on the sacred rituals performed to establish Ancient Roman cities as legal entities. It discusses the role of the Roman Catholic Church in developing the corporate form and in giving birth to a systemized set of rules regulating corporations, which we commonly call corporate law. It analyzes the limitations to the use of the corporate form in Islamic law as well as the streams of Islamic law jurisprudence that recognize legal capacity to specific entities with religious, social, or charitable purposes. It surveys the characteristics of two …

Perkawinan Dalam Hukum Adat Baduy Dan Perkawinan Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Muhammad Muslih

Journal of Islamic Law Studies

This research explains about marriage regulated in Baduy traditional law and marriage regulated in Islamic Law Compilation (KHI).

This research uses the Normative Sociological and Juridical Empirical research methods. This research is descriptive analytical and uses Primary Data Sources and Secondary Data Sources. Sources of data used were obtained from Library Research. Interviews of the Baduy community and field observations to the Baduy area were also carried out to obtain the data needed for this research.

The results of this study indicate that there are many differences between the existing marriage regulations in Baduy customary law and the marriage regulations …

The Rules Of Larceny In Islamic Law B Y Dr. Mohammad Jabr Al-Alfi

UAEU Law Journal

The rules of larceny in Islamic jurisprudence were critized on the ground that they were contrary to human rights norms recognized by the Western civilization. This criticism was produced by the practical application of these rules in some Islamic countries. The objection to these rules, perhaps, came as a result of 'the speedy enactment of legislation, which did not take into consideration all the rules and precepts dealt with by the different schools of thought in Islamic jurisprudence. Such practice by such States is incompatible with the legislative policy of Islam and resulted in the narrow conception and application of …

The Effect Of Psychological And Mental Diseases On Criminal Responsibility In Islamic Law, Mohammed Naim Yassin

UAEU Law Journal

This study gives a definition of criminal responsibility and commandment. It details the concept of mental and criminal diseases and their types, the concept of criminal responsibility; its cause and conditions, the study is split into two parts. Part 1 defines Mind, the degree and criterion adopted by Islamic Law for criminal responsibility with a comparison with mental and psychological diseases, and the effect of mental disability at the time of criminal act. Part 2 discusses the conscience will being the second part of responsibility explaining its definition and psychological diseases having effect on it, etc, the study concludes the …

Comments On Provisions Of Tort In Iraqi Civil Law, Dr. Galil Hassan Al-Saadi

UAEU Law Journal

Iraqi Civil Law number 40 of 1951 has some rules driven from Islamic Law and some others from foreign legislations. Despite that, law has some defects relating basically to drafting some of its articles from one hand, and from another hand some recourses of this law were improper. This search contains some comments on rules dealing with tort. Some comments concern with tort of personal actions, some other comments concern with tort of a third party Action which has been regulated by law in three articles divided into two places. Study deals as well with some comments on liability of …

Credibility Of Genetic Profiling In Establishing Paternity A Legal Comparative Study, Fwaz Saleh

UAEU Law Journal

Genetic profiling offers a new dimension for the possibility of exploring biological truth. It plays an important role in establishing paternity in Western legislation, though two conflicting trends are apparent in this connection: free and restricted.

In both trends, however, proving the biological truth is not the only objective of the legal rules organizing the establishment of paternity. The present study has also indicated that genetic profiling poses a threat to human rights, especially inviolability of the human body. Scientific evidence would certainly help determine paternity through the use of biologically accurate techniques. In the event of disputed paternity, however, …

The Concept Of Public Property And The System Of Protecting It According To Islamic Law - مفهوم المال العام ونظم حمايته في الشريعة الإسلامية, Nawfal Ali Alsafo

UAEU Law Journal

This article consists of an introduction by which the importance of public property was clarified, this is according to its connection to the economic structure of the state.

Then the article was divided into Two Chapters:

In chapter one, we discussed the concept of public property, its sorts and conditions. Firstly we talked about the private property, what can be considered as a private property according to Islamic rules, we concluded that the property can be divided into: estimated and non-estimated property, Then we discussed the Jurists’ opinions on public property. Secondly we clarified the sorts of public property in …

A Critical Study Of The Two Standard References Of Obligations (Personal Rights (And Contracts In United Arab Emirates Law Of Civil Transactions, Dr.Adnan Sarhan

UAEU Law Journal

The Emirates Law of Civil Transactions is based on the rules set by Islamic Law. However; it suffers from faults or short comings in the legal texts and even, sometimes, a contradiction in the merits or judgement. These faults are consequences of the presence of statements extracted from defective or imperfect laws such as the Jordanian law, or a contradiction due to differences between Malek’s or Hanbal’s and Al-Numan’s shools.

In this research, the author deals with the text of the United Arab Emirates Law of Civil Transactions that are related to commitments and contracts. As he believes in the …

Islamic Law And Weapons Jurisprudence Of Mass Destruction, Abdel-Majid Al Salahin

UAEU Law Journal

The paper is comprised of an introduction, three chapters and Conclusion.

The introduction deals with the phenomenon of fighting in the human societies in terms of it's reasons and development of fighting means.

In chapter one the author defined the three types of mass destruction weapons and their dangerous effects:

1- Chemical weapons which include gases and inflammables.

2- Biological weapons which include: the various types of viruses and germs.

3- Atomic weapons which include the fissionable bomb, the fusing bomb and the neutron bomb.

In chapter two the study deals with two issues:

1. Islamic jurisprudence stand concerning destructive weapons …

Negative Crimes In Islamic Jurisprudence: Their Concepts And Provisions, Abdel-Majid Al Salahin

UAEU Law Journal

The penalty system which has been established Shari'ah (Islamic Law), is based on careful balance among various interests: the interests of individuals, interests of society and, interests of State. Sharia'h was the first legalsystem to identify, to criminalize and, to lay down criteria regarding negative crimes.

It considers that an abstention from performing an act is a crime if an abstention results in negative harmful consequences for individuals or society. Italso has recognized the concept of public liability whereby an individualcan be held responsible for acts committed by a third party.

This study examines the conditions, constituents, provisions of negative …

Abuse Of Rights In Order To Harm Others Or To Get An Illegal Benefit In Sharia And Law, Ahmed Al-Suwai’I Shlibak

UAEU Law Journal

This research involves the topic of “ِAbuse in using rights with the intention of harming others or to realize illegalbenefits”. The research is divided into an introduction and four parts. The introduction contains the importance and goals of the research. The first part contains: the definition of abuse in Law and Shar’iah (Islamic Law) as well as the differences between them, and the absence of legalbenefit. The second part contains the rules that govern the intention behind harming others and its criterion. The aforementioned was agreed upon by Jurists and acts of Parliament (Positivelaw) which forbid harming others, its evidence, …

The Nesab (The Minimum Amount Of Property For Which The Legal Punishment Of Stealing Is Applied) In Islamic Law: A Comparative Fiqh (Jurisprudence) Study

UAEU Law Journal

The NESAB (the minimum amount of property for which the

legal punishment of stealing is applied) in Islamic Law:

A Comparative Fiqh (Jurisprudence) Study

By

Dr. Hasan Ahmed Al Khattaaf*

Assistant Professor - College of Law - University of Damascus

Abstract

The purpose of this comparative study is to determine the minimum amount of stolen property (NESAB) upon which Islamic Shari'a may be applied in the form of cutting a thief's hand. This study is important because there is a controversy in determining the NESAB, which is the most important condition upon which legal punishment for stealing in Islamic …

Landmines And International Liability In Public International Law And Islamic Law A Comparative Study

UAEU Law Journal

Landmines are considered as one of the arsenals of conventional weapons of armies and are originally used as a means of defense to protect an area, stop the advance of the enemy, or to inflict the greatest possible loss on them. However, their increasing destructive power has caused a lot of and material and human losses incurred by the innocent. This requires the international actors to move in order to remove the pain, especially that suffered by civilians, so humanitarian considerations should take precedence over military necessity. In the spirit of spreading safety and security, Islamic law prohibits the use …

A Shari'a Measures Against Arbitrary Divorce: A Comparative Fiqh Study In The Light Of Islamic Law And What He Has To Do In The Uae Personal Status Law )28/2005), May Salem Al Sheikh

UAEU Law Journal

Family related cases are of great complexity, of which divorce cases are some of the most critical. This is due to the increasing importance of the role of family in building society, and in view of the intensification of marital disputes which in turn have led to the spread of divorce in Arab societies, in addition to spouses’ abuse of the decision to divorce, which raises concerns about the resulting harm.

This research sheds the light on one type of family related cases in particular, which is the arbitrary abuse of the right to divorce which can cause negative impact …

Sacred Corporate Law, Giancarlo Anello, Mohamed Arafa, Sergio Alberto Gramitto Ricci

Seattle University Law Review

This Article investigates the sacred origins of the corporate form. It sheds light on the sacred rituals performed to establish Ancient Roman cities as legal entities. It discusses the role of the Roman Catholic Church in developing the corporate form and in giving birth to a systemized set of rules regulating corporations, which we commonly call corporate law. It analyzes the limitations to the use of the corporate form in Islamic law as well as the streams of Islamic law jurisprudence that recognize legal capacity to specific entities with religious, social, or charitable purposes. It surveys the characteristics of two …

Consent In Marriage: A Radical Feminist Analysis Of Pakistani Law, Iqra Saleem Khan

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

In Abdul Kadir v. Salima, Mahmood J summarised the nature of a Pakistani wife’s duties under Islamic Law. The nikkah contract “imposes submission on the wife when summoned to the couch and confers on him the power of correction when she is disobedient or rebellious.” Earlier, a similar pronouncement was made across the ocean in the United Kingdom by Sir Matthew Hale that through the marriage contract the “wife hath given herself to the husband, consent of which she cannot retract.” Marital rape was later recognised as an offence in the UK by the House of Lords in R …

Lifting The Veil: Women And Islamic Law, Christie S. Warren

Christie S. Warren

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Special Collection: Seminar Papers On Women And Islamic Law, Christie S. Warren

Christie S. Warren

No abstract provided.

Sharia Law Poses No Threat To American Courts, Nathan B. Oman

Nathan B. Oman

No abstract provided.

How To Judge Shari'a Contracts: A Guide To Islamic Marriage Agreements In American Courts, Nathan B. Oman

Nathan B. Oman

This Article thus has two goals. The first is to show how the Muslim conception of marriage diverges from the Christian-influenced norms that dominate American law and society. Understanding this divergence provides a necessary background to Islamic mahr contracts. The second goal is to provide lawyers and judges with a doctrinal framework within our current law for analyzing these contracts and reaching sensible results in concrete cases.

Post Secularism And The Woman Question, Lama Abu-Odeh

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

I will discuss the “woman question in post secularism” by offering my critique of Saba Mahmood’s book “Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject”. But before I do so, let me just state that I am a legal academic and I am not a reader of the field of anthropology. I am unfamiliar with the theoretic jargon of the discipline- even less so of the jargon of the subfield, anthropology of religion from which Politics of Piety hails. Each discipline is autonomous more so fields of study within each discipline. Those fields usually coalesce around a celebrity …

Improving Education Through Devotion: A Religious Solution To Eastern Turkey's Gender Gap, Joshua E. Thomas

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

Turkey has much room for improvement regarding women’s education opportunities—particularly in eastern Anatolia. Despite the Turkish Republic’s outward secular appearance, Islamic law plays an increasingly important role in society. A potential solution to the government’s sluggish progress on gender equality may lie in the utilization of their religious directorate (Diyanet). The Diyanet could issue fatwas sympathetic to women’s rights, which may more effectively reach the conservative eastern Turkish population.

Faith-Based Approaches To Asylum: New Appeals To Accountability? Using Faith-Based Principles As Soft Law, Jinan Bastaki

Biennial Conference: The Social Practice of Human Rights

Can a faith-based approach encourage states to provide greater protection for those seeking refuge and asylum? In response to the fleeing of Syrian refugees to Turkey, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated numerous times that the Turkish were the anṣār — an Arabic word loosely translated as ‘supporters’ or ‘champions’ — of the Syrian refugees, making the reference to the people of the city of Medina who offered refuge and a home to Prophet Muhammad and his followers fleeing the persecution of Mecca.

The reference to the anṣār of Muhammad gives the impression that Turkey’s act of welcoming …

Examining The Foundations: Comparing Islamic Law And The Common Law Of The United States, Barbara Massie Mouly

Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article identifies fundamental differences between the common law legal system of the United States and the Islamic legal system. Although both systems have a religious foundation, this article argues that the religious foundations of the two systems contain different views concerning the jurisdiction of the civil government. The article describes the religious heritage of each system. The article then compares the two systems, viewing them through the lenses of two great principles of the common law: uniformity and equality.