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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Law
Staff Matters: How Does Michigan’S New Crown Act Impact Dental Practices?, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp
Staff Matters: How Does Michigan’S New Crown Act Impact Dental Practices?, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp
The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association
This article discusses Michigan’s new CROWN Act prohibiting hair-based discrimination and its impact on dental offices. This article is an installment of the MDA Journal’s monthly Staff Matters® department.
The Murder Of George Floyd: A Case Study Examining How The Policing Of Black Men And Grassroots Activism Influence The Will Of Black Women To Lead, Ella Gates-Mahmoud
The Murder Of George Floyd: A Case Study Examining How The Policing Of Black Men And Grassroots Activism Influence The Will Of Black Women To Lead, Ella Gates-Mahmoud
Doctorate in Education
This study's objective investigates the viewpoints held by Black women in two urban areas of Minnesota about the social upheaval that followed the murder of George Floyd in 2020 for using a counterfeit $20 bill. In the last decade, police killings of innocent Black people in the United States have received more attention, and Floyd's death is only one example of this phenomenon. In the U.S., the likelihood of a police officer taking the life of a Black man is higher than that of a White man. Between 2013-2019 there have been 1,641 fatal shootings of defenseless Black men by …
The Under-Enforcement Of Crimes Against Black Women, Lisa Avalos
The Under-Enforcement Of Crimes Against Black Women, Lisa Avalos
Journal Articles
It is well known that over-policing has a severe adverse impact on communities of color. What is less well known is that over-policing is accompanied by a corollary—a pervasive and systemic under-policing of violence against women of color. The refusal to see women of color as victims of crime who are worthy recipients of justice, and to minimize the severity of violence committed against them, are habits that are deeply embedded in the American system of [in]justice. From an 1855 Supreme Court decision refusing to recognize a female slave’s right to sexual autonomy to a prosecutor’s 2021 decision to prosecute …
Hidden Figures: Wage Inequity And Economic Insecurity For Black Women And Other Women Of Color, Cassandra Jones Havard
Hidden Figures: Wage Inequity And Economic Insecurity For Black Women And Other Women Of Color, Cassandra Jones Havard
St. John's Law Review
(Excerpt)
One hundred years after women secured the right to vote, wage inequality remains prevalent in the United States. The gender wage gap, or pay inequity based solely on sex, arguably, is a measure of the current failure of full and equal participation by women in American society. The gender wage gap exists despite federal legislation designed to further wage equality. In fact, a difference as small as two cents over a lifetime costs a woman approximately $80,000. Currently, it is predicted that for a majority of white women, the pay parity will be attained between 2059–2069. However, Black women …
Explaining Reproductive Health Disparities: Violence In The “Colorblind” Institution Of Medicine, Chineze Osakwe
Explaining Reproductive Health Disparities: Violence In The “Colorblind” Institution Of Medicine, Chineze Osakwe
Honors Scholar Theses
Medical policies have resulted in violence that has a formal role in regulating the reproductive rights of women of African descent in the United States from the Jim Crow era (circa 1965) to present day (2021), resulting in significantly racialized reproductive health disparities regardless of social or economic influences. This thesis explores why reproductive violence against African-American women persists, regardless of women’s own class and educational background. I have focused on the potential impact of two structural components that I hypothesized contributed to the perpetuation of reproductive violence against Black women and persistent health disparities. The two factors explored in …
When Your Identity Is Inherently "Unprofessional": Navigating Rules Of Professional Appearance Rooted In Cisheteronormative Whiteness As Black Women And Gender Non-Conforming Professionals, Shannon Cumberbatch
When Your Identity Is Inherently "Unprofessional": Navigating Rules Of Professional Appearance Rooted In Cisheteronormative Whiteness As Black Women And Gender Non-Conforming Professionals, Shannon Cumberbatch
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development
(Excerpt)
Several years ago, I attended my first large-scale career fair as a recruiter where I screened a mass of aspiring lawyers for staff attorney positions at my legal organization. During our brief break from marathon interviewing, my white colleagues shut down their tables to enjoy their downtime and as I prepared to do the same, I looked up to find a critical mass of Black women excitedly converging upon my interview station. Forming a half circle around my table, they began exclaiming how enamored they were by my appearance and how it countered much of the counseling they had …
More Than A Hashtag: Why We Need To #Protectblackwomen In Real Life, Golden Gate University School Of Law
More Than A Hashtag: Why We Need To #Protectblackwomen In Real Life, Golden Gate University School Of Law
Golden Gate University Race, Gender, Sexuality and Social Justice Law Journal
This piece will address the ways in which Black women continue to be disrespected, unprotected, and neglected, both publicly—as a result of systemic racism and police brutality—as well as privately—as a result of the legal system’s failure to appropriately address domestic violence committed against them.
Hair Goes Nothing: Proposing The Uniform Enactment Of The Crown Act Across The United States, Alexandra Halbert
Hair Goes Nothing: Proposing The Uniform Enactment Of The Crown Act Across The United States, Alexandra Halbert
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Sexual Exploitation Of Black Women From The Years 1619-2020, Dominique R. Wilson
Sexual Exploitation Of Black Women From The Years 1619-2020, Dominique R. Wilson
Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
No abstract provided.
Maybe Law Schools Do Not Oppress Minority Faculty Women: A Critique Of Meera E. Deo’S “Unequal Profession: Race And Gender In Legal Academia” (Stanford University Press 2019), Dan Subotnik
Touro Law Review
This essay tests Professor Meera Deo’s unsettling assertion that “implicit bias” in law schools is holding minority female and, to a lesser extent minority male, faculty back. It then presents her second, and more provocative claim, that minority faculty can generally offer better training in “solving complex problems.”
Regarding the former claim, Deo explains that minority women are not hired according to fair standards, not welcomed when they are hired, and not fairly evaluated for promotion. In addition, she argues that minority women professors are abused by their students. Because Deo barely tries to substantiate the second claim, it is …
Black Women's Suffrage, The Nineteenth Amendment, And The Duality Of A Movement, Danielle M. Conway
Black Women's Suffrage, The Nineteenth Amendment, And The Duality Of A Movement, Danielle M. Conway
Faculty Scholarly Works
America is at an unprecedented time with self-determination for Black women, and this phase of the movement is reverberating throughout this nation and around the world. There is no confusion for those who identify as Black women that this movement is perpetual, dating back to the enslavement of Black people in America by act and by law. One need only look to the intersecting crises of 2020 to discern the reality of Black women’s—and by extension the Black community and by further extension individuals and groups marginalized, subordinated, and oppressed by white patriarchy—perpetual struggle for civil and human rights.
To …
From Academic Freedom To Cancel Culture: Silencing Black Women In The Legal Academy, Renee Nicole Allen
From Academic Freedom To Cancel Culture: Silencing Black Women In The Legal Academy, Renee Nicole Allen
Faculty Publications
In 1988, Black women law professors formed the Northeast Corridor Collective of Black Women Law Professors, a network of Black women in the legal academy. They supported one another’s scholarship, shared personal experiences of systemic gendered racism, and helped one another navigate the law school white space. A few years later, their stories were transformed into articles that appeared in a symposium edition of the Berkeley Women’s Law Journal. Since then, Black women and women of color have published articles and books about their experiences with presumed incompetence, outsider status, and silence. The story of Black women in the legal …
Maybe Law Schools Do Not Oppress Minority Faculty Women: A Critique Of Meera E. Deo’S “Unequal Profession: Race And Gender In Legal Academia” (Stanford University Press 2019), Dan Subotnik
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Beyond Sex-Plus: Acknowledging Black Women In Employment Law And Policy, Jamillah Bowman Williams
Beyond Sex-Plus: Acknowledging Black Women In Employment Law And Policy, Jamillah Bowman Williams
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
It has been more than 30 years since Kimberlé Crenshaw published her pathbreaking article critiquing the inadequacy of antidiscrimination law in addressing claims at the intersection of race and sex discrimination. This Article focuses on the challenges Black women continue to face when bringing intersectional claims, despite experiencing high rates of discrimination and harassment. The new status quo has not resolved the problems that she documented, and has introduced a set of second generation intersectionality issues. Most significantly, many courts now recognize that Black women experience discrimination differently than do white women or Black men. Yet, despite the professionally and …
Racial Justice And Decriminalization Of Prostitution: No Protection For Women Of Color, Janice G. Raymond
Racial Justice And Decriminalization Of Prostitution: No Protection For Women Of Color, Janice G. Raymond
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
No abstract provided.
Foreword, Sudha Setty
Foreword, Sudha Setty
Faculty Scholarship
In November 2019, the Western New England Law Review held its symposium, On Account of Sex: Women’s Suffrage and the Role of Gender in Politics Today. The symposium articles ask us to look at history to see what factors enabled path-breaking activists to secure the right to vote in a time of immense national turmoil. They also ask us to weigh how history should assess the strategic decisions that ultimately gained political rights for some women, but deliberately excluded Black women and other activists.
These historical accounts help us consider how the right to vote is faring, particularly after …
The Impact Of Racism On Maternal Health Outcomes For Black Women, Gabrielle T. Wynn
The Impact Of Racism On Maternal Health Outcomes For Black Women, Gabrielle T. Wynn
University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review
No abstract provided.
Abortion Talk, Clare Huntington
Abortion Talk, Clare Huntington
Faculty Scholarship
Public service announcements routinely note that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Advocates frequently invoke the twenty percent wage gap between men and women. And educational groups often cite the (more contested) statistic that one in five women will be sexually assaulted during college. But there is another data point not regularly part of public conversation: nearly one in four women will have an abortion by the age of forty-five. The widespread — but largely secret — practice of terminating pregnancies is what Carol Sanger wants us to talk about. As much as possible.
What About #Ustoo?: The Invisibility Of Race In The #Metoo Movement, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
What About #Ustoo?: The Invisibility Of Race In The #Metoo Movement, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Faculty Scholarship
Women involved in the most recent wave of the #MeToo movement have rightly received praise for breaking long-held silences about harassment in the workplace. The movement, however, has also rightly received criticism for both initially ignoring the role that a woman of color played in founding the movement ten years earlier and in failing to recognize the unique forms of harassment and the heightened vulnerability to harassment that women of color frequently face in the workplace. This Essay highlights and analyzes critical points at which the contributions and experiences of women of color, particularly black women, were ignored in the …
The Effects Of The War On Drugs On Black Women: From Early Legislation To Incarceration, Tiffany Simmons
The Effects Of The War On Drugs On Black Women: From Early Legislation To Incarceration, Tiffany Simmons
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
No abstract provided.
The Violent State: Black Women's Invisible Struggle Against Police Violence, Michelle S. Jacobs
The Violent State: Black Women's Invisible Struggle Against Police Violence, Michelle S. Jacobs
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
The Violent State: Black Women's Invisible Struggle Against Police Violence, Michelle S. Jacobs
The Violent State: Black Women's Invisible Struggle Against Police Violence, Michelle S. Jacobs
UF Law Faculty Publications
Black women have a very specific history with the state and law enforcement that is not replicated among other women’s communities, and it is that unique situation that is the focus of this Article. Part I of this Article explores the historical roots of Black women’s interaction with the state. Part II of this Article is broken into two sections. The first will cover police killings of Black women. The second part of the section will explore the conditions under which Black women are physically assaulted by the police. Part III of the Article seeks to highlight when the police …
Splitting Hairs: The Eleventh Circuit’S Take On Workplace Bans Against Black Women’S Natural Hair In Eeoc V. Catastrophe Management Solutions, D. Wendy Greene
Splitting Hairs: The Eleventh Circuit’S Take On Workplace Bans Against Black Women’S Natural Hair In Eeoc V. Catastrophe Management Solutions, D. Wendy Greene
University of Miami Law Review
What does hair have to do with African descendant women’s employment opportunities in the 21st century? In this Article, Professor Greene demonstrates that Black women’s natural hair, though irrelevant to their ability to perform their jobs, constitutes a real and significant barrier to Black women’s acquisition and maintenance of employment as well as their enjoyment of equality, inclusion, and dignity in contemporary workplaces. For nearly half a century, the federal judiciary has played a pivotal role in establishing and preserving this status quo. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeal’s recent decision in EEOC v. Catastrophe Management Solutions exacerbates what Professor …
The Black Women Anti-Defamation Coalition: A Proposal For The Remediation Of The Negative, Controlling Images Of Black Women, Shemar Antonio Taylor
The Black Women Anti-Defamation Coalition: A Proposal For The Remediation Of The Negative, Controlling Images Of Black Women, Shemar Antonio Taylor
Senior Projects Spring 2017
This research sets out to highlight the life-altering degree to which negative, domineering depictions of Black women has had and continues to have on their livelihood and also to argue that due to their systemic inability to control and craft their own reputation, this should be categorized as a human rights violation and enforced on the grounds of defamation law. Although I am not a Black woman myself, as a Black man who was raised by three Black women, I have seen first hand the importance of proving this point. Many Black women scholars, many of whom I will be …
Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women, Kimberlé W. Crenshaw, Andrea J. Ritchie, Rachel Anspach, Rachel Gilmer, Luke Harris
Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women, Kimberlé W. Crenshaw, Andrea J. Ritchie, Rachel Anspach, Rachel Gilmer, Luke Harris
Faculty Scholarship
Say Her Name sheds light on Black women’s experiences of police violence in an effort to support a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice that centers all Black lives equally. It is our hope that this document will serve as a tool for the resurgent racial justice movement to mobilize around the stories of Black women who have lost their lives to police violence ...Our goal is not to offer a comprehensive catalog of police violence against Black women – indeed, it would be impossible to do so as there is currently no accurate data collection on police killings nationwide, no …
The Hidden Help : Black Domestic Workers In The Civil Rights Movement., Trena Easley Armstrong
The Hidden Help : Black Domestic Workers In The Civil Rights Movement., Trena Easley Armstrong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
During the 1960's, nearly ninety percent of black women in the South worked as domestic servants. While much has been written depicting the dehumanizing and exploitative conditions in which they lived, their contributions to human rights garnered from their subtle acts of resistance and specifically, their involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, has either been undocumented or documented quite minimally. Despite their historical roles and socioeconomic disadvantages, their reach for human agency was beneficial to society. This thesis examines their labor as domestic workers and their participation in the Civil Rights Movement using the qualitative research method of interviews and …
Redefining The Black Face Of Affirmative Action: The Impact On Ascendant Black Women, Kevin D. Brown, Renee E. Turner
Redefining The Black Face Of Affirmative Action: The Impact On Ascendant Black Women, Kevin D. Brown, Renee E. Turner
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The racial and ethnic ancestries of blacks benefiting from affirmative action is changing, as foreign-born blacks and blacks with a non-black parent constitute disproportionately large percentages of blacks attending many selective higher education institutions. Coupled with the challenges arising from the educational achievement levels of black males during the past two decades, Brown and Turner examine the implication of these developments and the likelihood that they are creating further disadvantages for black women lawyers.
Stratification Of The Welfare Poor: Intersections Of Gender, Race & "Worthiness" In Poverty Discourse And Policy, Bridgette Baldwin
Stratification Of The Welfare Poor: Intersections Of Gender, Race & "Worthiness" In Poverty Discourse And Policy, Bridgette Baldwin
Faculty Scholarship
This Article analyzes the historical, cultural and legal treatments and representations of poor black women from Progressive Era philanthropic aid to early "work-to-welfare" reform protocol. When black women serve as the case study for a larger examination of social policy issues we see that welfare was rarely meant to remedy the structural crunch of poverty. Working class black women have been at the center of the construction of the poor and serve as the designation to determine which people deserve to be compensated for being poor.
Furthermore, the Author discusses both the ramifications and rationale of why the government never …
Quasi-Colonial Bodies: An Analysis Of The Reproductive Lives Of Poor Black And Racially Subjugated Women, Khiara M. Bridges
Quasi-Colonial Bodies: An Analysis Of The Reproductive Lives Of Poor Black And Racially Subjugated Women, Khiara M. Bridges
Faculty Scholarship
This Article analyzes the relationship between the struggle for the recognition of Black women's reproductive rights in the United States and the fight for racial justice. Specifically, it argues that the problematization of poor Black women's fertility--evidenced by the depiction of single Black motherhood as a national crisis, the condemnation of poor Black women who rely on public assistance, and the portrayal of their children as an embryonic "criminal class"--ought to be understood as a form of contempt for Black women's reproductive rights. Differently stated, the lack of acknowledgment in legal, political, and popular discourse that motherhood is a legitimate …
Universal Mother : Transnational Migration And The Human Rights Of Black Women In The Americas, Hope Lewis
Universal Mother : Transnational Migration And The Human Rights Of Black Women In The Americas, Hope Lewis
Hope Lewis
Community-based or personal forms of identity, as well as some externally imposed gender, race, and cultural stereotypes operate simultaneously to influence global markets. This Article explores the human rights implications of the stories surrounding a female migrant household worker as they exemplify how perceptions about identity can shape legal responses and how legal frameworks can shape perceptions of identity. The identities associated with the migrant household worker seemed to constitute a uniquely complex illustration of the intersection of race, gender, ethnicity, class, immigration status, nationality, and disability. However, the stories establish that all identities can be equally complex. This Article …