Law Commons^™

Copyright For Engineered Dna: An Idea Whose Time Has Come?, Christopher M. Holman

Christopher M Holman

The rapidly emerging field of synthetic biology has tremendous potential to address some of the most compelling challenges facing our planet, by providing clean renewable energy, nutritionally-enhanced and environmentally friendly agricultural products, and revolutionary new life-saving cures. However, leaders in the synthetic biology movement have voiced concern that biotechnology's current patent-centric approach to intellectual property is in many ways ill-suited to meet the challenge of synthetic biology, threatening to impede follow-on innovation and open access technology. For years, copyright and patent protection for computer software have existed side-by-side, the two forms of intellectual property complementing one another. Numerous academic commentators …

Ca. Gov't Code §11135: A Challenge To Contemporary State-Funded Discrimination, Danfeng S.V. Koon

Danfeng S.V. Koon

Racially disproportionate outcomes persist in our schools, hospitals, courts, and neighborhoods. While some of these disparities stem from historical inequalities, socio-economic differences, and individual behavior, considerable racial disparities persist, even after holding these factors constant. These disparities are particularly troubling because they are attributable to the unconscious biases embedded in the policies and practices of our public institutions and represent the most pernicious form of contemporary discrimination. This article argues that unlike other disparities, these “super disparities,” can and must be legally redressed. While federal redress for state-funded disparate impacts has been largely foreclosed after Alexander v. Sandoval, California Government …

Uso Social Del Suelo Ejidal Y Comunal Para El Desarrollo Equilibrado De Las Áreas Urbanas Del Estado De Puebla, Bruno L. Costantini García

Bruno L. Costantini García

De origen, difundir los diversos esquemas permitidos por la Ley para posibilitar la realización de proyectos con fines inmobiliarios, a efecto de que los núcleos agrarios y sus integrantes se beneficien equitativamente de la urbanización de sus tierras, coadyuvando con ello al desarrollo urbano planificado y ordenado de los centros de población del Estado de Puebla; como consecuencia, impulsar el desarrollo habitacional equilibrado de éste. Eliminar el circulo.- “necesidad de tierra – asentamiento irregular – solución de conflicto”, mediante la planeación socioeconómico de los núcleos agrarios ejidales y comunales, a fin de diseñar un mecanismo eficaz que satisfaga las necesidades …

An Overview Of The General Workings Of Ideal Probate Registries Vis-A-Vis The Comparative Analysis Of Probate Registries In Other Common Jurisdictions, Chinedu Chibueze Ihenetu-Geoffrey

Chinedu Chibueze Ihenetu-Geoffrey

The Probate Registries are efficient channels of dispensing justice in matters of testamentary instruments such as wills or estates. The Probate Registries have daunting challenges that needs to be addressed expediently, ranging from administrative problems, incessant delays, perversion of justice et al. This paper expounds the general workings of ideal probate registries vis-a-vis a comparative analysis of probate registries within common law jurisdictions with their peculiarities. Also, special recommendations would be proffered in a bid to structural revamp the Probate Registries in Nigerian Courts.

Extreme Measures: Does The United States Need Preventive Detention To Combat Domestic Terrorism?, Diane Webber

Diane Webber

The paper examines current methods of preventive detention in the United States, that is the detaining of a suspect on home soil to prevent a terrorist attack. This paper looks at two recent events: the Fort Hood shootings and a preventive arrest in France, to consider problems in combating terrorist crimes on U.S. soil. I demonstrate that U.S. law as it now stands, with some limited exceptions, does not permit detention to forestall an anticipated domestic terrorist crime. After reviewing and evaluating the way in which France, Israel and the United Kingdom use forms of preventive detention to thwart possible …

Anti-Trust Me: The Justification For The Prohibition On Charging Unreasonably Low Attorneys’ Fees, Tim E. Hogan

Tim E Hogan

The Wisconsin Rules of Professional Conduct prohibit lawyers from charging unreasonably high attorneys fees. The rules do not prohibit lawyers from charging unreasonably low attorneys fees. There is a good reason for this: low attorneys’ fees provide clients with access to justice that they may be otherwise unable to afford. However, what happens when attorneys’ fees become so low that their sole purpose is to drive out the competition? Prior to 1979, the Wisconsin state bar, like many other state bars, published a minimum fee schedule that set forth specific fees below which lawyers were prohibited from charging. The justification …

Nozione Di Consumatore E Legittimazione Alla Class Action, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Contratto Di Mutuo E Consegna Del Bene, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Obbligazioni E Titoli Di Debito Nel Fallimento Delle Società, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Fusione Di Società E Opposizione Dei Creditori, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

The Right To An Effective Remedy For Victims Of Trafficking In Persons: A Survey Of International Law And Policy, Anne T. Gallagher

Anne T Gallagher

Remedies are a critical aspect of the international legal response to trafficking, confirming the status of trafficked persons as victims of crime and victims of human rights abuse. Over the past decade, States and the international community have come to better understand the true consequences of trafficking – an essential prerequisite to consensus on what constitutes ‘effective” and “appropriate’ remedies for trafficking-related harm. There have also been great improvements in the articulation and acceptance of legal obligations owed by States to prevent and respond to such harm. Unfortunately, and despite this important progress, victims of trafficking very rarely receive the …

Introductory Note To The Extraordinary Chambers Of The Courts Of Cambodia: Decision On The Appeals Against The Co-Investigative Judges Order On Joint Criminal Enterprise (Jce), Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe

Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe

No abstract provided.

Whether Foreigner Or Alien: A New Look At The Original Language Of The Alien Tort Statute, M. Anderson Berry

M. Anderson Berry

Until now, the word that puts the ‘A’ in ATS has been completely overlooked. No court or commentator has delved in to the 1789 meaning of “alien,” or to the drafters' understanding of and possible intentions behind that word.

In the Supreme Court’s only opinion regarding the Alien Tort Statute, Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, the Court unanimously agreed that although the first House of Representatives modified the Senate’s draft of what eventually became the Judiciary Act of 1789, it made hardly any changes to the provisions on aliens, including what became the ATS. The Court did not point out any of …

Emerging & Established Markets, Declining R&D Productivity, Cost-Effective Healthcare Provision – Opportunity To Create An Integrated New World Health Order, Mian Atif Saeed

Mian Atif Saeed

Emerging markets are now the focal point of pharmaceutical industry. Stagnant growth in western established markets coupled with increasing pressure on pricing and difficulties in market access is forcing the industry to focus on emerging markets. In order to make this shift productive for overall global healthcare environment, the industry needs to work towards strategies whereby these emerging markets are not looked in isolation as mere additional revenue generating markets but are instead made partners in overall global strategies – for business and global healthcare. An all encompassing strategic global plan involving emerging markets is the need of the day. …

First Annual Invention2venture (I2v) Apprentice Challenge Workshop (2010)

Paul Swamidass

In a nutshell, a number of AU student teams, after an introduction from experts on starting and running a business, were challenged along the lines of Mr. Trump’s TV show, “The Apprentice,” to start a business and produce income in 72 hours with $100 seed investment given to each team. The teams delivered, and in the process gained hands-on experience in entrepreneurship; the teams returned the seed investment and kept the profits. Two teams were rewarded.

Product Concept To Complete Business Plan In Three Months In An Ug Course For Business + Engineering Students, Paul Swamidass, Nels Madsen, P.K. Raju, Jackie Dipofi

Paul Swamidass

sophomores/juniors work in multi-disciplinary teams to conceive and select a technology-intensive product, develop a project schedule, conduct market research and survey, complete product engineering/design, make manufacturing/sourcing decisions, estimate demand for five years, develop production/sourcing capacity, estimate investment needed and 5-yr cash flow as part of a business plan in 3 months; the business plan presentation is judged by a panel. The course is called Introduction to Business and Engineering but it is a holistic Technology Ventures course that prepares engineering and business students to partner together in bringing a technology-intensive product to the market. This course can be easily adopted …

¿Volviendo Al Control De Precios?, Diferenciando Entre Regulación Y Supervisión: Un Enfoque Comparativo Con La Libre Competencia, John Pineda Galarza, Héctor Figari Costa

John Pineda Galarza

El presente trabajo busca analizar el fundamento teórico de cuando se puede fijar precios y aplicarlo al mercado de las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP), a fin de determinar la necesidad de regular las comisiones que cobran estas por concepto de administración de fondos de los afiliados. El análisis del mismo se desarrollará bajo la óptica de las normas del Libre Mercado y Libre Competencia, identificando y diferenciando entre supervisión y regulación

Real Copyright Reform, Jessica Litman

Jessica Litman

A copyright system is designed to produce an ecology that nurtures the creation, dissemination and enjoyment of works of authorship. When it works well, it encourages creators to generate new works, assists intermediaries in disseminating them widely, and supports readers, listeners and viewers in enjoying them. If the system poses difficult entry barriers to creators, imposes demanding impediments on intermediaries, or inflicts burdensome conditions and hurdles on readers, then the system fails to achieve at least some of its purposes. The current U.S. copyright statute is flawed in all three respects. In this article, I explore how the current copyright …

Exchange Of Tax Information: The End Of Banking Secrecy In Switzerland And Singapore?, Jean-Rodolphe W. Fiechter Ll.M.

Jean-Rodolphe W. Fiechter

At their London Summit in April 2009, the G20 Leaders proudly declared: “The era of banking secrecy is over.” The scope of this paper is to examine whether this statement is true. Is exchange of information really the panacea against tax evasion? Did it eradicate the banking secrecy cultivated for centuries by Switzerland and later also by Singapore or does the protection of privacy still have a role to play in the new global order? In the first chapter, I will depict the origins of the banking secrecy and its development in recent years until the breakthrough of the OECD …

Análisis Económico De La Intervención Judicial En Los Contratos ¿Una Cuestión De Justicia?, Daniel Monroy

Daniel A Monroy C

Desde la perspectiva del AED, una de las funciones principales del derecho de contratos, sobre la cual diferentes autores hacen mayor énfasis, es la relacionada con la “disuasión del oportunismo”; en igual sentido, otra de las funciones del derecho de contratos es la relativa a la “interpolación eficiente de términos contractuales”. Dichas funciones suelen explicar buena parte de la regulación en materia de contratos, además de justificar la intervención judicial. Por otro lado, algunos autores nos llevan a considerar que propugnar exclusivamente por la libertad y la autonomía contractual, puede llevarnos a garantizar que los contratos, además de ser mecanismos …

Análisis Económico De Los Riesgos Contractuales: Racionalidad Económica Como Argumento Para La Supresión De La Teoría De La Imprevisión., Daniel Monroy

Daniel A Monroy C

Este artículo constituye un aporte a la recurrente discusión acerca de la forma como se contempla la problemática de los riesgos contractuales desde la perspectiva jurídica tradicional, complementándola de manera crítica a través de herramientas propias del AED y haciendo especial énfasis en lo relativo a la Teoría de la Imprevisión. Se argumenta que la forma como está planteada actualmente dicha Teoría en el sistema jurídico, particularmente la dificultad para dotar objetivamente de contenido los requisitos normativos exigidos, conduce a que aquella alcance tal nivel de complejidad que dificulta ampliamente su aplicación en la realidad. Adicionalmente, al contemplarse la posibilidad …

Judicial Review Of Administrative Acts In The European Union And In France: A Comparison., Natasha Buontempo

Natasha Buontempo

No abstract provided.

Citation List To A Fragment On Shall And May, Seth Barrett Tillman

Seth Barrett Tillman

This is a citation list to (my co-authored) "A Fragment on Shall and May."[May 16, 2014]

A Description Of An Individual's Shared Responsibility Requirement In The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Of 2010, James S. Cole

James S Cole

The individual responsibility requirement of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 has become the focus of litigation and public policy debates. Surprising aspects of the statute emerge when its rather dense verbiage is analyzed. The “individual conscience exception” applies primarily, if not exclusively, to self-employed Amish individuals who renounce Social Security coverage in its entirety. Conscientious objections to other aspects of the statute are not acknowledged. A taxpayer is assessed a penalty for his own failure to obtain minimum necessary health coverage beginning in 2014 and also for dependents’ penalties. The dependents are also liable for their …

Extract From United States Code Service, Section On Article Ii, Section 2, Clause 2, Citing Bailey-Tillman Exchange, Seth Barrett Tillman

Seth Barrett Tillman

Extract from USCS.

[January 29, 2010]

Healthcare In Cuba, Carmen M. Cusack J.D.

Carmen M Cusack

Poor Americans who lack health-insurance or have little opportunity to access specialized or non-emergency medical treatment in the U.S. should be permitted by the U.S. State Department to spend money in Cuba in order to receive inexpensive medical treatment, and should be allowed to stay (and spend) in Cuba as long as necessary in order to receive inexpensive medical treatment. If Americans were permitted by an exception in the Helms-Burton Act to spend money in Cuba and visit for medical purposes, then Cuba would likely treat these Americans for a very low cost. This can be argued because 1) Cuba …

Can The Federal Reserve Adopt An Inflation Targeting Regime Under The Current Statutory Arrangements?, Hong Kyoon Cho

Hong Kyoon Cho

This paper discussed legal perspectives in institutional framework of central banking, keyed to monetary policy framework. The statutory objectives of monetary policy provide an environment under which the central bank can design its monetary policy framework, in that the choice of the monetary policy framework could lie within the scope of the spirits embodied in the statutory objectives of monetary policy. Monetary policy framework could illuminate legal aspects of debate, as specifically seen in the Federal Reserve’s case that has adopted not an explicit but an implicit monetary policy framework, namely the Just-Do-It approach. Under the current legal mandate, i.e., …

Cyber Crimes; Obsoleting The Guns, Bombs And Knives, Chinedu Chibueze Ihenetu-Geoffrey

Chinedu Chibueze Ihenetu-Geoffrey

It is of no doubt that electronic commerce holds the key to present and future global and local economic and social growth. However, like every other concept of human invention, e-commerce has some undeniable teething problems that tend to bedevil its full applicability. This paper hopes to throw light on some of these challenges. It does not claim to be exhaustive; rather it is only a guiding light for further research.

Questioning The Un's Immunity In The Dutch Courts; Unresolved Issues In The Mothers Of Srebrenica Litigation, Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe

Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe

Providing victims with a judicial forum where they can air their grievances and obtain redress for violations of their rights is regarded as the cornerstone of an international culture of accountability, and restrictions on the right of access to a court must not run afoul of international law's prohibition on the denial of justice. The operation of international organisations, on the other hand, is predicated on the notion that shielding them from the normal processes of the law by providing for their immunity before national courts is the only way to ensure their effectiveness. When an international organization tasked with …

The Right To Food And Buyer Power, Aravind Ganesh

Aravind Ganesh

Modern global food supply chains are characterised by extreme levels of concentration in the middle of those chains. This paper argues that such concentration leads to excessive buyer power, which harms the consumers and food producers at the ends of the supply chains. This paper argues that the harms suffered by farmers are serious enough as to constitute violations of the international human right to food as it is expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Political Rights, and further argues that world competition law regimes cannot ignore these human rights …