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Articles 31 - 60 of 127
Full-Text Articles in Law
Do Institutions Really Matter? Assessing The Impact Of State Judicial Structures On Citizen Litigiousness, Jeff L. Yates, Paul Brace, Holley Tankersley
Do Institutions Really Matter? Assessing The Impact Of State Judicial Structures On Citizen Litigiousness, Jeff L. Yates, Paul Brace, Holley Tankersley
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
An Analysis Of The Duties And Obligations Of The International Legal Community To The Eradication Of Poverty And Growth Of Sustainable Development In Light Of The Jus Cogens Nature Of The Declaration Of The Right To Development, Freda R. Murray-Bruce
ExpressO
This paper examines the copious problem of world poverty affecting half of the world’s population in the South and assesses the international legal obligations of the international legal community, viz., developed states, transnational corporations and the international financial institutions of the IMF, World Bank and WTO to the eradication of poverty and the growth of sustainable development, in view of the inviolability and peremptory nature of the Charter of the UN, and the international human rights provisions arising therefrom. To this extent, we examine the 1986 General Assembly Declaration on the Right to Development, along with the other International Bill …
Life V. Death: Or Why The Death Penalty Should Marginally Deter, Charles N. W. Keckler
Life V. Death: Or Why The Death Penalty Should Marginally Deter, Charles N. W. Keckler
George Mason University School of Law Working Papers Series
Econometric measures of the effect of capital punishment have increasingly provided evidence that it deters homicides. However, most researchers on both sides of the death penalty debate continue to rely on rather simple assumptions about criminal behavior. I attempt to provide a more nuanced and predictive rational choice model of the incentives and disincentives to kill, with the aim of assessing to what extent the statistical findings of deterrence are in line with theoretical expectations. In particular, I examine whether it is plausible to suppose there is a marginal increase in deterrence created by increasing the penalty from life imprisonment …
Embracing Uncertainty, Complexity And Change: An Eco-Pragmatic Reinvention Of A First Generation Environmental Law, Mary Jane Angelo
Embracing Uncertainty, Complexity And Change: An Eco-Pragmatic Reinvention Of A First Generation Environmental Law, Mary Jane Angelo
ExpressO
ABSTRACT Embracing Uncertainty, Complexity and Change: An Eco-Pragmatic Reinvention of a First Generation Environmental Law Mary Jane Angelo, University of Florida Levin College of Law Recent scientific reports demonstrate that despite more than thirty years of environmental regulation, we are experiencing unprecedented declines in bird and wildlife species, as well as ecosystem services. Pesticides are at least in part to blame for these profound declines. U.S. pesticide law has failed to carryout its mission. Moreover, a number of lawsuits have been filed recently asserting that the registration of certain pesticides is in violation of the federal endangered species act. One …
The Same Side Of Two Coins: The Peculiar Phenomenon Of Bet-Hedging In Campaign Finance, Jason Cohen
The Same Side Of Two Coins: The Peculiar Phenomenon Of Bet-Hedging In Campaign Finance, Jason Cohen
ExpressO
The paper addresses the propensity of large donors to give to competing candidates or competing party organizations during the same election cycle – for example, giving money to both Bush and Kerry during the 2004 presidential race – a practice here termed 'bet-hedging.' Bet-hedging is analyzed in strategic and game-theoretic terms. The paper explores the prevalence of bet-hedging, the possible motivations behind the practice, and the informational concerns surrounding it. The paper argues that bet-hedging, out of all donation practices, carries with it a uniquely strong implication of ex post favor-seeking: if a donor prefers one side over the other, …
Crops, Guns & Commerce: A Game Theoretical Critique Of Gonzales V. Raich, Maxwell L. Stearns
Crops, Guns & Commerce: A Game Theoretical Critique Of Gonzales V. Raich, Maxwell L. Stearns
George Mason University School of Law Working Papers Series
In Gonzales v. Raich, the Supreme Court sustained an application of the Controlled Substances Act (“CSA”), banning all private use of marijuana, as applied to two women who had cultivated or otherwise acquired marijuana for the treatment of severe pain pursuant to the California Compassionate Use Act. Writing for the majority, Justice Stevens placed Raich at the intersection of two landmark Commerce Clause precedents: Wickard v. Filburn, the notorious 1942 decision, which upheld a penalty under the Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1938 applied to a local farmer who violated his wheat quota but who had used the modest excess portion …
The Problematics Of The Pareto Principle, Daniel A. Farber
The Problematics Of The Pareto Principle, Daniel A. Farber
ExpressO
The Pareto Principle asserts in one form that an outcome which is unanimously preferred by individuals should be chosen by society; or in another form that an outcome should be chosen if it is preferred by at least one individual and the remaining members of society are indifferent. It is little wonder that this principle, which has the ring of a self-evident truth, has been the “gold standard” for law and economics. Despite its appeal, however, the Pareto Principle has limitations that are irrelevant in some spheres such as corporate law, but that may have serious import for fields such …
The Law And Economics Of Wardrobe Malfunction, Adam Candeub
The Law And Economics Of Wardrobe Malfunction, Adam Candeub
ExpressO
ABSTRACT: This article examines the Federal Communication Commission’s indecency regulation for television and radio. In recent years, the FCC has not only pursued high profile enforcements such as Janet Jackson’s well-known Super Bowl half time show, but perhaps more important, has issued fines against broadcasters in record amounts totaling millions of dollars. Critics claim that these enforcements are politicized, arbitrary, and chilling of free speech.
This article proposes a new, market-based mechanism for indecency regulation that avoids the pitfalls of the FCC’s current approach. The proposal focuses on the viewer--advertiser relationship, in distinction to the FCC’s regulations, which concentrate solely …
Principles Of Fairness For International Economic Treaties: Constructivism And Contractualism, John Linarelli
Principles Of Fairness For International Economic Treaties: Constructivism And Contractualism, John Linarelli
ExpressO
No legal system deserving of continued support can exist without an adequate theory of justice. This paper is about the elaboration of a theory of justice to underpin international economic law and international economic institutions. A world trade constitution cannot credibly exist without a clear notion of justice upon which to base a consensus. There is yet no consensus on the public reason underpinning the rules and the institutions. Economic efficiency concepts are widely used in the assessment of the welfare effects of world trade institutions and policies. Efficiency, however, is one of several standards that may be used, but …
Deterring Roper’S Juveniles: Why Immature Criminal Youth Require The Death Penalty More Than Adults – A Law & Economics Approach, Moin A. Yahya
Deterring Roper’S Juveniles: Why Immature Criminal Youth Require The Death Penalty More Than Adults – A Law & Economics Approach, Moin A. Yahya
ExpressO
In Roper v. Simmons, the United States Supreme Court declared the death penalty for juveniles unconstitutional. It relied on three reasons, one of which concerns this article, namely the theory that juveniles are less culpable and deterrable than adults. The Court relied on the American Medical Association’s amicus brief which purported to show scientifically that juveniles had less developed brains than adults. The Court characterized juveniles as being risk-lovers who highly preferred the present over the future, who loved gains no matter how risky but did not care for losses, and who could not engage in proper cost-benefit analysis, because …
The Geography Of Climate Change Litigation: Implications For Transnational Regulatory Governance, Hari Osofsky
The Geography Of Climate Change Litigation: Implications For Transnational Regulatory Governance, Hari Osofsky
ExpressO
ABSTRACT: This article aims to forward the dialogue about transnational corporate regulation by mapping the power dynamics that infuse litigation over energy production’s externalities and their implications for sovereign regulatory authority. The piece’s core argument is that appropriately constraining the externalities of energy production demands a nuanced, spatial understanding of the relationship among governmental regulatory entities, corporations, and the other actors that influence them. Part II begins by considering the multi-layered regulatory dilemmas posed by the transnational energy production process, the uncertain status of corporations under international law, and the law and economics debate over appropriate and effective environmental regulation …
How And Understanding Of The Second Personal Standpoint Can Change Our Understanding Of The Law: Hart's Unpublished Response To Exclusive Legal Positivism, Robin B. Kar
ExpressO
This Article describes recent developments in moral philosophy on the “second personal standpoint,” and argues that they will have important ramifications for legal thought. Moral, legal and political thinkers have, for some time now, understood important distinctions between the first personal perspective (of deliberation) and the third personal perspective (of observation, cause and effect), and have plumbed these distinctions to great effect in their thought. This distinction is, in fact, implicit the law and economics movement’s “rational actor” model of decision, which currently dominates much legal academic thought. Recent developments in value theory due to philosopher Stephen Darwall suggest, however, …
Is Forum-Shopping Corrupting America's Bankruptcy Courts? Review Of Lynn M. Lopucki, "Courting Failure: How Competition For Big Cases Is Corrupting The Bankruptcy Courts", Todd J. Zywicki
George Mason University School of Law Working Papers Series
In his new book, Courting Failure: How Competition for Big Cases is Corrupting the Bankruptcy Courts, Professor Lynn LoPucki’s book argues that that current bankruptcy venue rules have spawned an improper “competition for big cases” that has “corrupted” America’s bankruptcy courts. LoPucki argues that this competition has harmed the bankruptcy system and the economy, transferring wealth from creditors and employees to incumbent management and bankruptcy professionals. He also argues that the competition that has corrupted the American bankruptcy system is being replicated internationally, resulting in a similar competition and similar harm on the global stage.
This essay reviews LoPucki’s book …
Rev. Proc. 2005-24 And The Upc Elective Share, Lawrence W. Waggoner
Rev. Proc. 2005-24 And The Upc Elective Share, Lawrence W. Waggoner
Law & Economics Working Papers Archive: 2003-2009
This article discusses Revenue Procedure 2005-24, which came as a bombshell to the estate-planning bar. The Rev. Proc. requires a spousal waiver of elective-share rights in order for a charitable remainder annuity trust (CRAT) or a charitable remainder unitrust (CRUT) created on or after June 28, 2005, to qualify for a charitable deduction. The elective share is a statutory provision common to most probate codes in non-community-property states that protect a decedent’s surviving spouse against disinheritance.
The Rev. Proc. is primarily though apparently not exclusively addressed to the elective share of the Uniform Probate Code (UPC). Unfortunately, the Rev. Proc. …
Partial Ban On Plea Bargains, Oren Gazal
Partial Ban On Plea Bargains, Oren Gazal
Law & Economics Working Papers Archive: 2003-2009
The influence of the plea bargaining system on innocent defendants is fiercely debated. Many scholars call for a ban on plea bargaining, arguing that the practice coerces innocent defendants to plead guilty. Proponents of plea bargaining respond that even an innocent defendant is better off when he choose to plea bargain in order to assure a lenient result, if he concludes that the risk of wrongful trial conviction is too high. They claim that since plea bargaining is only an option, it cannot harm the defendant whether he is guilty or innocent. This paper argues that the both supporters and …
A Foundation For International Taxation: The Institutional Competence Of Nations, Eric T. Laity
A Foundation For International Taxation: The Institutional Competence Of Nations, Eric T. Laity
ExpressO
This Article proposes a conceptual foundation for the field of international tax law. The Article refers to this foundation as the institutional competence of nations in global economic development. A nation’s institutional competence is its discretion to make decisions in pursuit of our collective goal of global economic development, discretion that is subject to a number of standards and limitations.
The Article constructs the institutional competence of nations in global economic development from institutional economics, simple game theory, and the literature on social norms. The Article expresses the institutional competence of nations through standards and limitations that reduce the abuse …
The Cotton And Sugar Subsidies Decisions: Wto’S Dispute Settlement System Rebalances The Agreement On Agriculture, Stephen J. Powell, Andrew Schmitz
The Cotton And Sugar Subsidies Decisions: Wto’S Dispute Settlement System Rebalances The Agreement On Agriculture, Stephen J. Powell, Andrew Schmitz
Stephen Joseph Powell
Acting on a complaint by Brazil, a WTO dispute settlement panel ruled September 8, 2004, that a variety of support programs for upland cotton exceeded reduction commitments made by the United States when it signed the 1995 WTO Agriculture Agreement and were thus not immune from challenge under the WTO Subsidies Agreement, with which the Panel then found these programs inconsistent.
The Panel's conclusions, if upheld by the WTO's Appellate Body, will have significant impact on agricultural policies for specialty and program crops of the United States, Europe, and Japan. This paper analyzes the decision, notable as the first to …
Is It A Subsidy? An Evaluation Of China's Currency Regime And Its Compliance With The Wto, Matthew R. Leviton
Is It A Subsidy? An Evaluation Of China's Currency Regime And Its Compliance With The Wto, Matthew R. Leviton
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
Can Regulation Of Insider Trading Be Effective?, Alexandre Padilla
Can Regulation Of Insider Trading Be Effective?, Alexandre Padilla
ExpressO
While there is a very prolific literature showing that the regulation of insider trading is by and large ineffective when it comes to discourage individuals from trading on non-public information, almost no work has been done on whether insider trading regulation can be effective. This paper attempts to fill that gap by investigating whether the regulation of insider trading can be effective. First, we show why insider trading regulation cannot be effective. Second, we see to what extend the empirical studies are consistent with our analysis.
Neuronomics And Rationality, Terrence Chorvat, Kevin Mccabe
Neuronomics And Rationality, Terrence Chorvat, Kevin Mccabe
George Mason University School of Law Working Papers Series
The assumption of rationality is both one of the most important and most controversial assumptions of modern economics. This article discusses what current experimental economic as well as neuroscience research tells us about the relationship between rationality and the mechanisms of human decision-making. The article explores the meaning of rationality, with a discussion of the distinction between traditional constructivist rationality and more ecological concepts of rationality. The article argues that ecological notions of rationality more accurately describe both human neural mechanisms as well as a wider variety of human behavior than do constructivist notions of rationality.
Anti-Competitive Practices In Service/Investment Markets Used By Korea And Japan, Eun Sup Lee
Anti-Competitive Practices In Service/Investment Markets Used By Korea And Japan, Eun Sup Lee
ExpressO
This study analysis shows that the anti-competitive practices in the service market of the two countries have almost identical characteristics, even though there are differences in the degree of the criticism against those barriers from their trading partner countries. These practices reflect the policy objectives of both governments to emphasize consumer protection or stability of financial institutes rather than the institutes' competitiveness or operative efficiency, somewhat different from developed western countries. Such policy objectives reflect the overall social and cultural environments of the two countries which stress stability rather than productivity or efficiency of any institute. Considering the over-all economic …
The Comparative Law And Economics Of Pure Economic Loss, Francesco Parisi, Vernon Valentine Palmer, Mauro Bussani
The Comparative Law And Economics Of Pure Economic Loss, Francesco Parisi, Vernon Valentine Palmer, Mauro Bussani
George Mason University School of Law Working Papers Series
Law and economics shows that a key factor in determining the optimal economic loss rule is found in the relationship between pure economic loss and social loss. Economic loss should be compensable in torts only to the extent that it corresponds to a socially relevant loss. In this paper we undertake a comparative evaluation of the economic loss rule to verify whether modern legal systems, although not formally adopting the economic criterion, define the exclusionary rule in light of efficiency considerations. The comparative analysis reveals that the substantive applications of the economic loss rule in European jurisdictions are consistent with …
The Bundling Of Academic Journals, Aaron S. Edlin, Daniel L. Rubinfeld
The Bundling Of Academic Journals, Aaron S. Edlin, Daniel L. Rubinfeld
Daniel L. Rubinfeld
No abstract provided.
The Bundling Of Academic Journals, Aaron S. Edlin, Daniel L. Rubinfeld
The Bundling Of Academic Journals, Aaron S. Edlin, Daniel L. Rubinfeld
Aaron Edlin
No abstract provided.
Social Choice, Crypto-Initiatives And Policy Making By Direct Democracy, Thad Kousser, M D. Mccubbins
Social Choice, Crypto-Initiatives And Policy Making By Direct Democracy, Thad Kousser, M D. Mccubbins
University of San Diego Law and Economics Research Paper Series
The initiative process was created originally to enable citizens to enact public policy directly and in so doing to overturn the dominion of interest groups and of state and local party machines. In recent years, initiatives have been thought to serve as a check on legislative authority and to provide the people with a means to pressure the legislature into adopting more public regarding policies. Indeed, the general consensus emerging from the most recent academic research is that, at their worst, initiatives are benign, while at their best, they serve to further the interests of electoral majorities.
A few scholars, …
Canonical Construction And Statutory Revisionism: The Strange Case Of The Appropriations Canon, Daniel B. Rodriguez, Mathew D. Mccubbins
Canonical Construction And Statutory Revisionism: The Strange Case Of The Appropriations Canon, Daniel B. Rodriguez, Mathew D. Mccubbins
University of San Diego Law and Economics Research Paper Series
In this article, we consider the impact of positive political theory on legislative interpretation and, in particular, the debate over interpretive canons. Our vehicle for this consideration is the appropriations canon. By virtue of this canon, courts construe narrowly legislative changes to statutes made through the appropriations process. We consider the underlying logic and rationale of this canon -- essentially, that the appropriations process is unrepresentative and insufficiently deliberative -- and use this analysis to investigate, more broadly, the processes of canonical construction in the modern statutory interpretation jurisprudence. Canonical construction, we argue, must be attentive to the equilibrium effects …
The Web Of Law, Thomas A. Smith
The Web Of Law, Thomas A. Smith
University of San Diego Law and Economics Research Paper Series
Scientists and mathematicians in recent years have become intensely interested in the structure of networks. Networks turn out to be crucial to understanding everything from physics and biology, to economics and sociology. This article proposes that the science of networks has important contributions to make to the study of law as well. Legal scholars have yet to study, or even recognize as such, one of the largest, most accessible, and best documented human-created networks in existence. This is the centuries-old network of case law and other legal authorities into which lawyers, judges, and legal scholars routinely delve in order to …
Descriptive Trademarks And The First Amendment, Lisa P. Ramsey
Descriptive Trademarks And The First Amendment, Lisa P. Ramsey
University of San Diego Law and Economics Research Paper Series
The protection of exclusive rights in descriptive trademarks is an unconstitutional restriction of speech under the First Amendment. Trademark laws that prohibit a competitor from using trademarked descriptive words to sell a product fail to satisfy the Central Hudson test for evaluating the constitutionality of commercial speech regulations. The use of a descriptive term to accurately describe a product is not misleading expression regardless of whether another business claims trademark rights in that term. Although the government has a substantial interest in protecting the ability of consumers to identify and distinguish among the products of a business and its competitors, …
Procedural Justice, Lawrence B. Solum
Procedural Justice, Lawrence B. Solum
University of San Diego Law and Economics Research Paper Series
"Procedural Justice" offers a theory of procedural fairness for civil dispute resolution. The core idea behind the theory is the procedural legitimacy thesis: participation rights are essential for the legitimacy of adjudicatory procedures. The theory yields two principles of procedural justice: the accuracy principle and the participation principle. The two principles require a system of procedure to aim at accuracy and to afford reasonable rights of participation qualified by a practicability constraint.
The Article begins in Part I, Introduction, with two observations. First, the function of procedure is to particularize general substantive norms so that they can guide action. Second, …
Strategic Judging Under The United States Sentencing Guidelines: Positive Political Theory And Evidence, Max M. Schanzenbach, Emerson Tiller
Strategic Judging Under The United States Sentencing Guidelines: Positive Political Theory And Evidence, Max M. Schanzenbach, Emerson Tiller
Public Law and Legal Theory Papers
We present a positive political theory of criminal sentencing and test it using data from the United States Sentencing Commission. The theory posits that, faced with appellate review, federal district court judges applying the Sentencing Guidelines strategically use "sentencing instruments" -- fact-based and law-based determinations made during the sentencing phase -- to maximize the judges' sentencing preferences subject to the Guideline’s constraints. Specifically, district court judges are more likely to use law-based departures when they share the same party ideology with the overseeing circuit court than when there is no party alignment between the two courts. Fact-based adjustments, on the …