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Articles 31 - 60 of 102
Full-Text Articles in Law
We Can Settle This Here Or Downtown: Mediation Or Arrest For Domestic Violence Calls - Eagleston V. Guido, Dale T. Smith
We Can Settle This Here Or Downtown: Mediation Or Arrest For Domestic Violence Calls - Eagleston V. Guido, Dale T. Smith
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Mediation policies may serve as a way for victims of equal protection violations to be compensated if a state worker invokes the defense of qualified immunity to avoid liability.' However, if the state worker is a police officer and is "following orders" by acting under a custom or policy devised or enforced by a superior, a party might be able to claim an equal protection violation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and sue the officer's superior.' A police officer's use of qualified immunity came into question in Eagleston v. Guido.' In Eagleston, the use of mediation practices to deal with …
Is Arbitration Final & (And) Binding - Public Policy Says, Not Necessarily - Exxon Shipping Company V. Exxon Seamen's Union, Todd M. Siegel
Is Arbitration Final & (And) Binding - Public Policy Says, Not Necessarily - Exxon Shipping Company V. Exxon Seamen's Union, Todd M. Siegel
Journal of Dispute Resolution
In the realm of employment law, management and labor unions enter in collective bargaining agreements to establish employment terms including wages, hours, benefits and grievance procedures.' A typical grievance procedure provides that labor disputes will be resolved through arbitration. Courts are encouraged to defer to collective bargaining agreements. When disputes arise, employees and employers attempt to resolve matters themselves, and if this fails, labor unions intervene and submit grievances to arbitration. Generally, an arbitrator's decision is final and binding, but in limited circumstances the matter is ultimately litigated. One such limited circumstance arose when the courts developed a public policy …
Summary Jury Trial - A Caution, Avern Cohn
Summary Jury Trial - A Caution, Avern Cohn
Journal of Dispute Resolution
My experience with summary jury trials as a settlement device, as well as a poll of my colleagues in the Eastern District of Michigan, suggests the drawbacks of summary jury trials outweigh the benefits. Additionally, a decision regarding the worth of summary jury trial as a dispute resolution mechanism, particularly over the objections of a party, should be suspended until the Rand Corporation's Institute for Civil Justice reports to Congress on its evaluation of Civil Justice Reform Act initiatives with regard to alternate dispute resolution procedures in federal district courts.
Saving The Summary Jury Trial: A Proposal To Halt The Flow Of Litigation And End The Uncertainties, Ann E. Woodley
Saving The Summary Jury Trial: A Proposal To Halt The Flow Of Litigation And End The Uncertainties, Ann E. Woodley
Journal of Dispute Resolution
The discussion below is divided into four parts. Part II is a background section describing the summary jury trial process and its intended benefits, as well as briefly identifying the five litigated issues and basic uncertainties discussed here. Part III describes the five litigated issues and basic uncertainties in detail, describes how judges have attempted to deal with them, and discusses potential solutions. Part IV contains specific statutory language embodying the proposed solutions. And, finally, Part V offers a brief conclusion
Recent Developments: The Uniform Arbitration Act, Kimberly Gibbens, Cathleen A. Martin, Peter Sumners, Stephen Witte
Recent Developments: The Uniform Arbitration Act, Kimberly Gibbens, Cathleen A. Martin, Peter Sumners, Stephen Witte
Journal of Dispute Resolution
The Uniform Arbitration Act is an annual project of the Journal of Dispute Resolution.2 The project examines court opinions from the past year which have interpreted state versions of the Uniform Arbitration Act ("U.A.A.").' Currently, thirty-four states and the District of Columbia have adopted arbitration statutes based on the U.A.A.' The goal of the Journal of Dispute Resolution in creating this project is to promote uniformity in interpretation of the U.A.A. by describing the decisions and rationales of recent court opinions.
Federal Arbitration Act And Section 2'S Involving Commerce Requirement: The Final Step Towards Complete Federal Preemption Over State Law And Policy - Allied-Bruce Terminix V. Dobson, The, Isham R. Jones Iii
Journal of Dispute Resolution
In 1609, Lord Coke held agreements to arbitrate revocable at will at any time prior to the issuance of an award.' For three-hundred years following Lord Coke's decision, a similar mindset pervaded the judicial psyche of both England and the United States, requiring legislative action to overcome the dilemma.' Even after the enactment of the Federal Arbitration Act ("FAA" or "Act"), passed by Congress to combat judicial hostility to arbitration, courts continued to jealously guard their jurisdiction from non-traditional dispute resolution forums.4 Under Section 2 of the FAA, courts must enforce agreements to arbitrate contained in contracts which evidence a …
Mandatory Arbitration And Title Vii: Can Employees Ever See Their Rights Vindicated Through Statutory Causes Of Action - Metz V. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & (And) Smith, Penelope Hopper
Journal of Dispute Resolution
Through the Civil Rights Act of 1991, Title VII and the Americans with Disabilities Act, Congress has granted American employees an increased number of potential statutory causes of action. At the same time, litigation has decreased. with a rise in the popularity of alternative dispute resolution.' Thus, it is no surprise that many modem employment contracts require employees to stipulate a dispute resolution forum through which any future legal conflict may be resolved, usually at the bequest of the prospective employer. The legal trend is to enforce mandatory arbitration and mediation clauses when a statutory cause of action is at …
Imposing Strict Products Liability On Medical Care Providers, Christopher L. Thompson
Imposing Strict Products Liability On Medical Care Providers, Christopher L. Thompson
Missouri Law Review
Most jurisdictions preclude strict product liability claims against medical care providers. These jurisdictions have held, generally, that health care professionals do not sell medical products used pursuant to courses of medical treatment as is required under the products liability doctrine generally defined by Restatement (Second) of Torts § 402A and adopted, with modification, a majority of states. However, the Missouri Court of Appeals, in Bell v. Poplar Bluffs Physicians Group, held strict products liability does apply to medical care providers. The purpose of this Note is to analyze the Bell decision in light of both (i) the policies and purposes …
Double Jeopardy And The Fraudulently-Obtained Acquittal, David S. Rudstein
Double Jeopardy And The Fraudulently-Obtained Acquittal, David S. Rudstein
Missouri Law Review
On December 8, 1993, a Cook County, Illinois, grand jury returned an indictment' charging Harry Aleman, a reputed crime syndicate assassin, with the murder of William Logan, a truck dispatcher and Teamsters union steward, who was shot to death outside his home in Chicago in 1972. The reprosecution of Harry Aleman raises an interesting question concerning the effect under the Double Jeopardy Clause of an acquittal resulting from fraud. This article examines that question and concludes that the safeguard against double jeopardy prevents the government from retrying an individual following her acquittal for the same offense, even though that acquittal …
Sorting Through The Establishment Clause Tests, Looking Past The Lemon, Stephanie E. Russell
Sorting Through The Establishment Clause Tests, Looking Past The Lemon, Stephanie E. Russell
Missouri Law Review
After the decision in Lemon v. Kurtzman, one three-pronged test controlled all Establishment Clause issues. The Lemon test has guided the court's analysis of a broad range of issues, including governmental speech on religious topics, governmental impositions of burdens and grants of benefits, and governmental delegations of civil power to religious bodies. The Lemon test was not originally intended to provide strict rules, but rather, "helpful signposts." However, the Court began using the Lemon test exclusively to evaluate Establishment Clause issues soon after the decision was rendered.
Future Of The Federal Courts, The, Richard S. Arnold
Future Of The Federal Courts, The, Richard S. Arnold
Missouri Law Review
Richard Arnold in this article talks about the future of the Federal courts, how overwhelmed the courts have been with appeals cases, and how to minimize that number.
Punitive Damages In Negligence Cases: The Conflicting Standards, Kevin L. Austin
Punitive Damages In Negligence Cases: The Conflicting Standards, Kevin L. Austin
Missouri Law Review
In Missouri, punitive damages are awarded for the purpose of inflicting punishment for wrongdoing, and are intended to serve as an example and deterrent to similar conduct. They are distinguished from actual damages, which are awarded to compensate for actual injuries or loss sustained. While prevalent in intentional torts because of malice, Missouri also allows, under certain circumstances, punitive damages to be awarded in negligence cases.' The issue then becomes identification of those certain circumstances. This Note will examine the reasoning and the specific fact situations which have supported punitive damages in negligence cases and then compare the decision in …
Standing Alone: Standing Under The Fair Housing Act, Michael E. Rosman
Standing Alone: Standing Under The Fair Housing Act, Michael E. Rosman
Missouri Law Review
In 1980, one of the leading authorities on housing law noted that the Supreme Court had been "especially active" in the 1970's in addressing standing problems in cases with allegations of housing discrimination;' indeed, he wrote that "standing problems in fair housing cases seem to have grown out of all proportion to their proper place in this field. Part I of this article reviews the general principles of standing as they have been enunciated in the last few decades by the Supreme Court. Part II examines the analysis of the "injury" requirement in Ragin v. Harry Macklowe, and points out …
Surviving Enhanced Judicial Scrutiny Of Directors' Decisions--Reaching The Protection Of The Business Judgment Rule, Terry M. Jarrett
Surviving Enhanced Judicial Scrutiny Of Directors' Decisions--Reaching The Protection Of The Business Judgment Rule, Terry M. Jarrett
Missouri Law Review
In the merger and acquisition craze of the 1980's, it became increasingly apparent that shareholders needed protection from directors who were not always acting in the best interests of the corporation. This note traces the history of the enhanced judicial scrutiny doctrine and explores the difficulty boards of directors face in characterizing and analyzing the myriad of transactions and events which may occur in a merger or sale scenario. Then, possible courses of action such boards may take to protect themselves are discussed.
Sentencing Criminals: The Constitutionality Of Victim Impact Statements, Carrie L. Mulholland
Sentencing Criminals: The Constitutionality Of Victim Impact Statements, Carrie L. Mulholland
Missouri Law Review
Most jurisdictions around the country permit juries to consider victim impact statements, statements taken from the family of a victim of violent crime relating to the family's loss, during the sentencing phase of criminal trials. In 1994, the Missouri Supreme Court followed this trend in State v. Wise by approving the use of victim impact statements, and allowing the statements to be presented to the jury at the sentencing stage of a capital punishment trial. Despite the constitutionality of the introduction of a victim's family's statements, the statements have been severely criticized for: (1) rendering the sentencing of a criminal …
Striker Replacements: A Law, Economics, And Negotiations Approach, Rafael Gely, Leonard Bierman
Striker Replacements: A Law, Economics, And Negotiations Approach, Rafael Gely, Leonard Bierman
Faculty Publications
In this article, we directly attack Professors Wachter and Cohen's assertion regarding the economic efficiency of the Mackay doctrine. Applying internal and external labor market analysis, we argue that the Mackay doctrine is economically inefficient because it allows employers to behave “opportunistically” with respect to employees that have made “firm-specific” investments in their employing firms. To remedy this problem we propose a new “negotiations approach,” the components of which are: (1) the statutory overruling of Mackay, and (2) the concomitant amendment of the NLRA to make the striker replacement issue a “mandatory” subject of collective bargaining.
Children's Rights In Intercountry Adoption: Towards A New Goal, S. I. Strong
Children's Rights In Intercountry Adoption: Towards A New Goal, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
Each year, hundreds of thousands of children languish in foster or institutional care worldwide, while at the same time, thousands of adults, married and unmarried alike, are denied children because of “shortages.” How did this tragedy occur, and why does it continue to be repeated daily in countries around the world? The unfortunate truth is that many of the legal and societal norms now in place effectively prohibit needy children from finding suitable homes. While potential parents in Western countries cry out for babies of their own, millions of children live in physical and psychological poverty in underfunded orphanages around …
Outpatient Civil Commitment In North Carolina: Constitutional And Policy Concerns, Erika Lietzan
Outpatient Civil Commitment In North Carolina: Constitutional And Policy Concerns, Erika Lietzan
Faculty Publications
This article examines preventive outpatient commitment, which targets those not ill or dangerous enough to be committed to inpatient facilities under state commitment laws. After discussing the history and design of the NC scheme, it explores constitutional and practical difficulties. Ultimately, it argues that individualized case management through local mental health clinics is the more effective and humane way of serving the interests of both the individual and the state.
Comparison Of The Interpretation Of Statutes And Collective Bargaining Agreements: Grasping The Pivot Of Tao, A, James E. Westbrook
Comparison Of The Interpretation Of Statutes And Collective Bargaining Agreements: Grasping The Pivot Of Tao, A, James E. Westbrook
Missouri Law Review
There has been an explosion in writing about statutory interpretation in recent years. Legal scholars have responded to theoretical writing about interpretation in general and to articles and judicial opinions by judges with an impressive array of articles and books. The purpose of this Article is to reflect on some of the common assumptions and interpretive practices of arbitrators in the light of this writing about statutory interpretation.
You Have The Right To Criticize This Casenote: Protecting Negative Reviews Within The Law Of Defamation And The First Amendment, David C. Vogel
You Have The Right To Criticize This Casenote: Protecting Negative Reviews Within The Law Of Defamation And The First Amendment, David C. Vogel
Missouri Law Review
In Moldea v. New York Times Co., the District of Columbia Court of Appeals attempted to determine under what circumstances a statement labeled as opinion may be the basis for a defamation suit. The court approached the topic with some difficulty, as the United States Supreme Court's 1990 decision in Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. had created confusion in lower courts over not only the validity of several traditional tests used to distinguish between fact and opinion, but also as to whether placing statements in an opinion context provides them with blanket protection from liability, regardless of their content. The …
Severing Venue And Personal Jurisdiction In Missouri, Joseph H. Knittig
Severing Venue And Personal Jurisdiction In Missouri, Joseph H. Knittig
Missouri Law Review
The concepts of venue and jurisdiction carry independent and severable meanings. "Venue" means the place where a case is to be tried, while "jurisdiction" speaks to the power of the court to hear and determine a case In Missouri, a "unique melding" of the concepts developed. A line of cases commingling venue and personal jurisdiction yielded strange and often unduly harsh results.' In State ex rel. DePaul Health Center v. Mummert,6 the Missouri Supreme Court attempted to sever venue and jurisdiction, and finally restore some common sense and predictability to sixty plus years of confusion.
Balancing Finality, Efficiency, And Truth When A Party Fails To Appear For Trial: Missouri Clarifies The Meaning Of Otherwise Defend In Its New Default Judgment Rule, Paula R. Hicks
Missouri Law Review
In Missouri, there has always been some confusion as to the name of the judgment entered when a party fails to appear for trial after participating in all other aspects of the litigation process. However, prior to 1988, the Missouri Supreme Court Rules and the holdings of the appellate courts4 made clear that the judgment in such a case was treated as a "judgment on the merits" and not as a "default judgment.” In Cotleur v. Danziger, the Missouri Supreme Court held that a judgment entered when a party failed to appear for trial is not a default judgment, in …
Closing Arguments: Enforcing Fairness In The Presentation Of Damages, John M. Hark
Closing Arguments: Enforcing Fairness In The Presentation Of Damages, John M. Hark
Missouri Law Review
The permissible scope of closing arguments before a jury is broad.' One limit, however, arises in plaintiff's final closing. Offering the party with the burden of proof an opportunity to respond to any new arguments raised by the opposing party arose from notions of fairness. The court held that it was an abuse of discretion to allow a plaintiff to withhold a request for a specific amount for total damages until the plaintiff's final closing argument, when the issue had not been addressed by the initial closing argument or the defendant's argument. This Note reviews the Tune decision, and discusses …
The New Federalism, Richard C. Reuben
The New Federalism, Richard C. Reuben
Faculty Publications
the 10th Amendment was something they noted for the bar exam and then promptly forgot about. But for many conservative lawyers and politicians, the 10th Amendment- which reserves to the states all powers not given to the federal government-has been anything but academic. For them, it embodies the founders' promise for a nation in which the states and federal government are near-equal partners. And they have fought long and hard to give the amendment its proper due. As the rise of House Speaker Newt Gingrich, R-Ga., and his Contract with America attest, their day may have finally come. Today, federalism, …
Rethinking Proceeds: The History, Misinterpretation And Revision Of U.C.C. Section 9-306, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Rethinking Proceeds: The History, Misinterpretation And Revision Of U.C.C. Section 9-306, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Faculty Publications
This article provides a careful analysis of the proper scope of the term “proceeds” under Section 9-306. Parts II and III develop a coherent conception of the term “proceeds” by focusing upon the proper interpretation of Section 9-306 in its current form. Part II evaluates the passage of title conception of proceeds in light of the 1972 and 1987 amendments to Article 9 and demonstrates that this conception is fundamentally inconsistent with the economic, value-based conception of proceeds that emerges from those amendments. Using this emerging conception of proceeds, which focuses upon the occurrence of an event that exhausts or …
The North American Agreement On Labor Cooperation: A New Frontier In North American Labor Relations, Rafael Gely, Leonard Bierman
The North American Agreement On Labor Cooperation: A New Frontier In North American Labor Relations, Rafael Gely, Leonard Bierman
Faculty Publications
During the debate leading to the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”), a great deal of concern focused on the effect that a trade agreement such as the NAFTA might have on workers' rights. As a condition for the ratification of the NAFTA, Congress provided that the treaty would not “enter into force until the three countries enact their own national agreement on labor cooperation.” In response to this concern, the three signatory countries negotiated the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (“NAALC” or “Labor Agreement”). The NAALC establishes a formal and elaborate procedure to settle complaints …
Health Care Rationing And Disability Rights, Philip G. Peters Jr.
Health Care Rationing And Disability Rights, Philip G. Peters Jr.
Faculty Publications
This article explores the extent to which federal disability rights law limits the use of effectiveness criteria to allocate health care, either alone or as a part of cost-effectiveness analyses. To be more precise, it considers the circumstances in which disability-based classifications by health plans which would otherwise violate the anti-discrimination laws can be legally and ethically defended by proof that the excluded treatments are less effective than those which are provided. Part I introduces the expanding use of effectiveness analysis in health care, explains its discriminatory potential, and reviews the Oregon experience. Part II outlines the current federal law …
Volume 18, Issue 1 (Spring 1995)
First Amendment And Private Property: A Sign For Free Speech, The, Anthony J. Durone, Melissa K. Smith
First Amendment And Private Property: A Sign For Free Speech, The, Anthony J. Durone, Melissa K. Smith
Missouri Law Review
Freedom of speech is one of the best known of all the constitutional rights protected by the Bill of Rights. Freedom of speech has received special attention from the courts for at least three reasons: (1) it is essential to the political process that is the foundation of our democracy;3 (2) it is fundamentally important to the discovery of truth in the free marketplace of ideas;4 and (3) it is an end in itself in a free country. In furtherance of a substantial interest, however, the freedom of speech falls subject to the police power of the state. In City …