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Articles 31 - 60 of 337
Full-Text Articles in Law
Right On Time: First Possession In Property And Intellectual Property, Dotan Oliar, James Y. Stern
Right On Time: First Possession In Property And Intellectual Property, Dotan Oliar, James Y. Stern
Faculty Publications
How should we allocate property rights in unowned tangible and intangible resources? This Article develops a model of original acquisition that draws together common law doctrines of first possession with original acquisition doctrines in patent, copyright, and trademark law. The common denominator is time: in each context, doctrine involves a trade-off between assigning entitlements to resources earlier or later in the process of their development and use. Early awards risk granting exclusivity to parties who may not be capable of putting resources to their best use. Late awards prolong contests for ownership, which may generate waste or discourage acquisition efforts …
Natural Resource And Natural Law Part I: Prior Appropriation, Robert W. Adler
Natural Resource And Natural Law Part I: Prior Appropriation, Robert W. Adler
William & Mary Law Review
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of civil disobedience over public land policy in the West, sometimes characterized by armed confrontations between ranchers and federal officials. This trend reflects renewed assertions that applicable positive law violates the natural rights (sometimes of purportedly divine origin) of ranchers and other land users, particularly under the prior appropriation doctrine and grounded in Lockean theories of property. At the same time, Native Americans and environmental activists have also relied on civil disobedience to assert natural rights to a healthy environment based on public trust, fundamental human rights, and other principles. This Article …
How Bitcoin Functions As Property Law, Eric D. Chason
How Bitcoin Functions As Property Law, Eric D. Chason
Faculty Publications
Bitcoin replicates many of the formal aspects of real estate transactions. Bitcoin transactions have features that closely resemble grantor names, grantee names, legal descriptions, and signatures found in real property deeds. While these “Bitcoin deeds” may be interesting, they are not profound. Bitcoin goes beyond creating simple digital deeds, however, and replicates important institutional aspects of real estate transactions, in particular recordation and title assurance. Deeds to real property are recorded in a central repository (e.g., the public records office), which the parties (and the public) can search to determine title. When one grantor executes more than one deed covering …
Cutting Pension Rights For Public Workers: Don't Look To The Courts For Help, Ronald H. Rosenberg
Cutting Pension Rights For Public Workers: Don't Look To The Courts For Help, Ronald H. Rosenberg
Faculty Publications
Every day we rely on public employees to provide us with a broad range of services necessary to daily life. These workers include public school teachers, fire and police, emergency medical technicians, park rangers, nurses just to name a few. As public employees, these people work for local and state government and they are compensated by us for their services through the taxes we pay. In general, these are modestly paid workers who also receive pensions when they retire after many years of work. Following the financial crisis of 2008-2009, government retirement trust funds significantly lost value and their long-term …
The Superior Solution To The “Denominator Problem” — Comparing The Majority And Dissent’S Property Benchmark Tests In Murr V. Wisconsin With A Focus On Property Owners’ Reasonable Expectations, Rosemary K. Mcguirk
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
When Are You An Investor Versus A Dealer In Real Property? (Powerpoint), James B. Sowell, Stephen J. Giordano
When Are You An Investor Versus A Dealer In Real Property? (Powerpoint), James B. Sowell, Stephen J. Giordano
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
A Prudential Take On A Prudential Takings Doctrine, Katherine Mims Crocker
A Prudential Take On A Prudential Takings Doctrine, Katherine Mims Crocker
Faculty Publications
The Supreme Court is set to decide a case requesting reconsideration of a doctrine that has long bedeviled constitutional litigants and commentators. The case is Knick v. Township of Scott, and the doctrine is the "ripeness" rule from Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank that plaint~ffs seeking to raise takings claims under the Fifth Amendment must pursue state-created remedies first- the so-called "compensation prong" (as distinguished from a separate "takings prong"). This Essay argues that to put the compensation prong in the best light possible, the Court should view the requirement as a "prudential" rule rather than (as …
Patent Prior Art And Possession, Timothy R. Holbrook
Patent Prior Art And Possession, Timothy R. Holbrook
William & Mary Law Review
Prior art in patent law defines the set of materials that the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and courts use to determine whether the invention claimed in a patent is new and nonobvious. One would think that, as a central, crucial component of patent law, prior art would be thoroughly theorized and doctrinally coherent. Nothing could be further from the truth. The prior art provisions represent an ad hoc codification of various policies and doctrines that arose in the courts.
This Article provides coherency to this morass. It posits a prior art system that draws upon property law’s …
Section 3: Property Rights, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Section 3: Property Rights, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Supreme Court Preview
No abstract provided.
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 7, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 7, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
The Future of Regulatory Takings
October 12-13, 2017
Panel 1: The Future of Land Use Regulation: A Tribute to Callies
Panel 3: Property Rights in Water
Panel 4: The Denominator Problem and Other Emerging Issues in the Regulatory Takings Field
Hohfeld And Property, Michael S. Green
The Schofield/Gunner Decisions And Episcopal Church Property-Splitting Litigation: Considering Proposed Improvements To The Litigation Process And The Neutral Principles Of Law Doctrine, Ten Years On, Timothy D. Watson
William & Mary Business Law Review
In recent years, the Episcopal Church in the United States has seen a spate of parishes leaving the Church. Many of these departing parishes have attempted to take property with them as they leave and continue to operate independently or realign themselves with a different denomination. The Episcopal Church maintains that this property is held by the parishes on behalf of the national Church, and has generally been successful in obtaining a return of the property through legal action. In deciding these suits, state courts have skirted carefully around the contours of ecclesiastical questions; many state courts, following the Supreme …
The Natural Property Rights Straitjacket: The Takings Clause, Taxation, And Excessive Rigidity, Eric Kades
The Natural Property Rights Straitjacket: The Takings Clause, Taxation, And Excessive Rigidity, Eric Kades
Faculty Publications
Natural property rights theories have become the primary lens through which conservative jurists and scholars view the Constitution’s main property rights provision, the Takings Clause. One of their most striking arguments is that progressive income taxation — applying higher tax rates to higher incomes — is an unconstitutional taking of wealthy taxpayers’ property. This has become part and parcel of well-established battle lines between conservative property rights advocates and their liberal counterparts. What has gone unnoticed is that the very same argument deployed against progressive taxation also deems regressive taxation — applying lower tax rates to higher incomes — an …
Vacant Housing Study: An Examination Of Vacant And At-Risk Housing In The Middle Peninsula, Todd Scheid, Kean Devine, Eric Mccoy
Vacant Housing Study: An Examination Of Vacant And At-Risk Housing In The Middle Peninsula, Todd Scheid, Kean Devine, Eric Mccoy
Virginia Coastal Policy Center
In collaboration with Virginia Coastal Policy Center- William & Mary Law School, this report addresses the issue of vacant housing in the Middle Peninsula region with possible solutions. This report contains the results of a survey conducted by the Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission (MPPDC) and demographic data of the region to more clearly express the issues that the Middle Peninsula faces in relation to vacant and at-risk housing.
Reverse Exactions, Gregory M. Stein
Reverse Exactions, Gregory M. Stein
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
When an owner applies for a permit to use property in a certain way, the government body with jurisdiction can either deny the permit, grant the permit outright, or grant the permit subject to conditions. These conditions—known as “exactions”—must meet two constitutional thresholds. First, there must be a close linkage between a problem the owner’s project will create or exacerbate, such as increased traffic caused by a proposed new shopping mall, and the exaction the government proposes, such as the dedication of land for a new right-turn lane. Second, the condition the government suggests must be proportional in magnitude to …
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 6, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 6, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
The Role of Property in Secure Societies
October 19-21, 2016
Panel 1: Land Titling, Inclusion, and the Role of Property Rights in Secure Socities
Panel 3: Property's Role in the Fundamental Political Structure of Nations
Panel 5: Eminent Domain and Expropriations as Wealth Redistribution Tools
Panel 6: Defining and Protecting Property Rights in Intangible Assets
Panel 7: Rising Seas and Private Property: Advocates and Academics Debate Format
Panel 8: Property Rights as Defined and Protected by International Courts
Buying Happiness: Property, Acquisition, And Subjective Well-Being, David Fagundes
Buying Happiness: Property, Acquisition, And Subjective Well-Being, David Fagundes
William & Mary Law Review
Acquiring property is a central part of the modern American vision of the good life. The assumption that accruing more land or chattels will make us better off is so central to the contemporary preoccupation with acquisition that it typically goes without saying. Yet an increasing body of evidence from psychologists and economists who study hedonics—the science of happiness—yields the surprising conclusion that getting and having property does not actually increase our subjective well-being. In fact, it might even decrease it. While scholars have integrated the insights of hedonics into other areas of law, no scholarship has yet done so …
Property As A Management Institution, Lynda L. Butler
Property As A Management Institution, Lynda L. Butler
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Real Estate Methods And Credits: A Summary Of Recent Developments And Strategies (Powerpoint), Brandon C. Carlton
Real Estate Methods And Credits: A Summary Of Recent Developments And Strategies (Powerpoint), Brandon C. Carlton
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
Fixing A Broken Common Law -- Has The Property Law Of Easements And Covenants Been Reformed By A Restatement, Ronald H. Rosenberg
Fixing A Broken Common Law -- Has The Property Law Of Easements And Covenants Been Reformed By A Restatement, Ronald H. Rosenberg
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
An Empirical Study Of Implicit Takings, James E. Krier, Stewart E. Sterk
An Empirical Study Of Implicit Takings, James E. Krier, Stewart E. Sterk
William & Mary Law Review
Takings scholarship has long focused on the niceties of Supreme Court doctrine, while ignoring the operation of takings law “on the ground”—in the state and lower federal courts, which together decide the vast bulk of all takings cases. This study, based primarily on an empirical analysis of more than 2000 reported decisions over the period 1979 through 2012, attempts to fill that void.
This study establishes that the Supreme Court’s categorical rules govern almost no state takings cases, and that takings claims based on government regulation almost invariably fail. By contrast, when takings claims arise out of government action other …
Money For Nothing: A Case Study On Leveraging Donated Property To Satisfy Federal Grant Match Requirements, Garrett Gee
Money For Nothing: A Case Study On Leveraging Donated Property To Satisfy Federal Grant Match Requirements, Garrett Gee
Virginia Coastal Policy Center
No abstract provided.
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 5, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 5, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
Property as a Form of Governance
October 1-2, 2015
Panel 1: Property as a Form of Governance
Panel 3: Of Pipelines, Drilling, & the Use of Eminent Domain
Panel 4: Property Rights in the Digital Age
Dead Men Bring No Claims: How Takings Claims Can Provide Redress For Real Property Owning Victims Of Jim Crow Race Riots, Melissa Fussell
Dead Men Bring No Claims: How Takings Claims Can Provide Redress For Real Property Owning Victims Of Jim Crow Race Riots, Melissa Fussell
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Encouraging Transportation-Oriented Development In The United States: A Case For Utilizing “Earned-As-Of-Location” Credits To Promote Strategic Economic Development, Matthew G. Jewitt
Encouraging Transportation-Oriented Development In The United States: A Case For Utilizing “Earned-As-Of-Location” Credits To Promote Strategic Economic Development, Matthew G. Jewitt
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Horne Dilemma: Protecting Property's Richness And Frontiers, Lynda L. Butler
The Horne Dilemma: Protecting Property's Richness And Frontiers, Lynda L. Butler
Faculty Publications
In a 2015 decision, the Supreme Court concluded that real and personal property should not be treated differently under the Takings Clause and that a government condition requiring raisin growers, in certain years, to reserve a percentage of their crop for the government to manage in noncompetitive venues was a per se physical taking. The decision to treat both real and personal property as equally worthy of protection under the Takings Clause has merit given the weak historical evidence suggesting stronger protection for land and the importance of personal property to income generation and capital development in a modern society. …
What We Have Here Is A Failure To Compensate: The Case For A Federal Damages Remedy In Koontz "Failed Exactions", Christopher M. Kieser
What We Have Here Is A Failure To Compensate: The Case For A Federal Damages Remedy In Koontz "Failed Exactions", Christopher M. Kieser
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review
In Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, 483 U.S. 825 (1987), and Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994), the Supreme Court held that an agency could not, consistent with the Takings Clause, condition a permit on a land exaction unless the exaction bears an “essential nexus” and “rough proportionality” to the harms the government seeks to mitigate. Then, in Koontz v. St. Johns Water Management District, 133 S. Ct. 2586 (2013), the Court extended Nollan and Dolan to exactions that were never completed because the property owner refused to acquiesce to the demand. Nevertheless, the Court held that …
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 4, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal, Volume 4, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
Defining the Reach of Property
October 30-31, 2014
Panel 1: The Role of the Advocate in Defining Property
Panel 3: Balancing Private Property and Community Rights
Panel 4: Property Rights in Developing and Transitional Countries
Panel 3 Q&A: Discussion on Balancing Private Property and Community Rights
The Governance Function Of Constitutional Property, Lynda L. Butler
The Governance Function Of Constitutional Property, Lynda L. Butler
Faculty Publications
Contemporary takings scholarship has devoted much attention to the problem of regulatory takings and has largely assumed that physical takings are resolved under a clear but simplistic per se rule. Under that rule, modern courts automatically find a physical taking whenever government action causes a permanent physical invasion of property, regardless of the context or the importance of the public interest. Applying this bright-line rule has proved to be difficult because it ignores the nuances of physical takings situations and the complexities of modern property arrangements. Should the physical takings concept apply to a rent control law that limits the …
The Coming Wave Of Pretextually Profiteering Social Entrepreneurs: A Case Study At The Nexus Of Property And Civil Rights, David Groshoff
The Coming Wave Of Pretextually Profiteering Social Entrepreneurs: A Case Study At The Nexus Of Property And Civil Rights, David Groshoff
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review
This Article builds on my prior publications employing case studies that serve as the prisms through which this Article applies a legal analysis to a newly trending problem in social entrepreneurship.
Specifically, this Article reviews the financial and property interests implicated when, in the milieu of an aging baby-boomer demographic likely to display decaying neurocognitive abilities, ostensibly socially beneficent limited liability companies (“LLCs”) pretextually pose as small businesses with a desire to serve people suffering from particular alleged mental disorders. In reality however, these brand-managed social entrepreneurs may represent conveniently detachable arms of integrated corporate enterprises that have hundreds of …