Law Commons^™

Collateral Damage: The Impact Of Acta And The Enforcement Agenda On The World's Poorest People, Andrew Rens

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

ACTA is billed as a trade agreement, and it is likely to have a far reaching impact on the poorest people in the world. ACTA's purported aim is to increase the efficacy of enforcement of intellectual property. However, like the enforcement agenda that gave rise to it, ACTA's provisions threaten access to medicines, access to learning materials, and access to markets by developing countries, and in so doing threaten development.

Public Interest Representation In Global Ip Policy Institutions, Jeremy Malcolm

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

This paper compares the institutional and procedural arrangements that a range of global institutions make for civil society representation and input into policy development processes on intellectual property issues. The context for this analysis comes from two sets of norms for multi-stakeholder public policy development that exist in other regimes of governance: those of the Aarhus Convention (for environmental matters), and those of the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society (for Internet governance). These global norms, along with the actual practices of the institutions involved in global governance of intellectual property rights, are then contrasted with the proposed new institutional …

Acta, Fool: Explaining The Irrational Support For A New Institution, Gabriel Michael

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

The key players in the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) negotiations were driven to establish a new institution for intellectual property enforcement because the traditional venues for such matters, the WTO and WIPO, had become inhospitable forums. Yet given the significant division in U.S. domestic economic interests over ACTA’s provisions and the lack of solid theoretical or empirical evidence supporting claims made by proponents of the agreement, it is puzzling that ACTA has commanded the support of the U.S. executive, even across two administrations from opposing political parties. I show why this support cannot be explained as a result of the …

Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights By Diminishing Privacy: How The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement Jeopardizes The Right To Privacy, Alberto Cerda Silva

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

Enforcing the law in the digital environment is one of the main challenges of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). In order to enforce the intellectual property law, unlike previous international agreements on the matter, ACTA attempts to set forth provisions concerned with privacy and personal data. Special provisions refer to law enforcement in the digital environment; ACTA would require the adoption of domestic law to allow identifying supposed infringers and, consequently, the collaboration of the online service providers (OSPs) with rights holders. However, those provisions raise some human rights concerns, particularly as related to the right to privacy of Internet …

Acta And Public Health, Peter Maybarduk

Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series

Although the term “anti-counterfeiting” suggests an agreement limited to preventing trade in counterfeit products, ACTA’s draft provisions, to date, would set new minimum enforcement standards for a range of intellectual property rights. In several areas, these standards could impede legitimate competition, shortchange legal process and shift costs of enforcing private commercial rights to the public.

The parties to ACTA have agreed to narrow some of its provisions in recent months. Despite these improvements to its text, ACTA continues to present risks for global access to medicines, including potentially restricting free transit of generics, imposing chilling effects on the medicines trade, …

Expanding The Scope Of The Good-Faith Exception To The Exclusionary Rule To Include A Law Enforcement Officer's Reasonable Reliance On Well-Settled Case Law That Is Subsequently Overruled, Ross Oklewicz

Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

In 2009, the Supreme Court handed down several important decisions on criminal procedure. Perhaps unanticipated at the time, two of those decisions have been read together by lower courts to reach dramatically different results. The emerging split has been sharp, bringing with it urgent calls for the Court to intervene.

Laying the foundation for the conflicting decisions was New York v. Belton, in which the Supreme Court held that “when a policeman has made a lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, he may, as a contemporaneous incident of that arrest, search the passenger compartment of the automobile” …

Stepping Out Of The Vehicle: The Potential Of Arizona V. Gant To End Automatic Searches Incident To Arrest Beyond The Vehicular Context, Angad Singh

Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

“Because the law says we can do it” was the response Officer Griffith offered when asked why officers searched Rodney Gant’s car when he was arrested for driving with a suspended license. Officer Griffith’s honest answer exemplifies the effect of prior Supreme Court decisions on search incident to arrest power in the vehicle context: that a vehicle search incident to arrest is a police entitlement divorced from any rationale whatsoever. Concerns for officer safety and preservation of evidence -- legal justifications that generally permit warrantless searches incident to arrest generally -- had been utterly abandoned by the Court in the …

Reforming Global Economic Governance: A Strategy For Middle Powers In The G20, Daniel D. Bradlow

Working Papers

In this paper I argue that middle powers that are members of the G20 can extract substantial benefit from their participation in the G20 if they have both a clear long term vision of global economic governance and a plan of action that is based on obtainable short term objectives. In the article I address four issues. The first is that the institutional arrangements for global economic governance will remain unstable until the current process of changes in the balance of global political and economic power plays itself out. The second is that, given the changing international power dynamics, the …

Drones Ii, Kenneth Anderson

Congressional and Other Testimony

U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, 2nd Hearing on Drone Warfare American University WCL Research Paper 2011-26Abstract:Following an initial hearing on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and drone warfare by the House Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs on March 23, 2010, the Subcommittee held a second hearing, Drones II, focusing specifically on the legal issues raised by drone warfare and targeted killing. The witnesses represented a wide range of legal positions on the question of drones, the use of force, armed conflict, and the roles of the military …

Do Lawyers And Law Professors Have Any Comparative Advantages In Opining On Financial Regulation Reform?, Kenneth Anderson

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

American University, WCL Research Paper 10-22Abstract:This short essay addresses a worry sometimes at the back of the minds of financial lawyers and law-and-finance scholars seeking to intervene in the debate over financial regulation reform in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007-09. As lawyers and law professors, what - if anything - do we have to contribute to the debate? Are the fundamental questions of the financial crisis not economic in a professional and disciplinary sense? Questions that require formal disciplinary skills and training in economics in order to be able formulate positions on the fundamental issues, in which …

A Synergistic Pedagogical Approach To First-Year Teaching, Jamie Abrams

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

The First “Colonial Frontier” Legal Writing Conference, held at Duquesne University School of Law, focused on Engendering Hope in the Legal Writing Classroom: Pedagogy, Curriculum, and Attitude. This conference built on the foundational work of Allison Martin and Kevin Rand in which these scholars call for educators to engender hope in law students to prepare them for practice. Martin and Rand conclude that hope is a predictor of students’ academic performance and psychological health during the first semester of law school and recommend that law professors “maintain and creat[e] hope in law students” by embracing five core principles. Martin and …

One Free Swerve? Requiring Police To Corroborate Anonymous Tips In Order To Establish Reasonable Suspicion For Warrantless Seizure Of Alleged Drunk Drivers, Michael B. Kunz

Distinguished Student Research Papers

The Supreme Court holds that warrantless searches and seizures are presumptively unreasonable. Nonetheless, the Court has carved out exceptions that give law enforcement officials considerable flexibility with which to conduct their day-to-day criminal investigations. One such exception to the warrant requirement is that police may stop and question an individual so long as the detaining officer has a reasonable belief that criminal activity may be taking place. Furthermore, the Court permits this requisite reasonable suspicion to be based on information provided by third-party sources, and has identified specific limits as to the type and quality of information police may use. …

At&T V. Hulteen: The Ghost Of The Supreme Court On Pregnancy Discrimination And Pay Equality For Women’S Pension Benefits In America, Walakewon Blegay

Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Historically, discrimination against women concerning childbirth and pregnancy was legally sanctioned and resulted in fewer advantages for women in the workforce. Most employers discharged a woman as soon as she became noticeably pregnant, and if she returned, she was considered a new, rather than a returning employee. Before 1978, many employers would give female employees a maximum of thirty days of credited pregnancy-related disability leave, while non-pregnant employees would receive unlimited credit for disability leave. In 1978, Congress enacted the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA), requiring that employers treat pregnant employees the same as employees who were not pregnant.

These laws …

Money, Meet Mouth: The Era Of Regulation And Prescription Drug Importation/Reimportation, Aaron Wong

Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The author explores why our country has failed to devote the necessary resources to health care, and in particular prescription drug importation and reimportation, in an economic and legal context. He analyzes the unique market characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry, the framework of pharmaceutical drug regulation including prescription drug importation, and the regulatory structure of importation in general. Part II provides background on the health care industry and prescription drug markets in the U.S. and abroad. Part III examines legislative proposals for drug importation and reimportation and the controversial congressional reaction to rising prescription drug prices in the U.S. Part …

Regulating Secondhand Tobacco Smoke In The Americas: A Comparison Of The Top Down And Bottom Up Approaches In Brazil And The United States, Leigh Warren

Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The author presents a comparative analysis of the legal approaches to regulate Second Hand Smoke (SHS) in Brazil and the United States. Part II reviews the FCTC, its objective to achieve smoke-free public places, and the legal framework supporting freedom from SHS as a human right. Parts III and IV examine Brazil’s top down and the United States’ bottom up approaches to regulating SHS through legislative and judicial measures. Part V presents a comparative analysis of the two approaches and offers recommendations based on lessons learned from each approach. Because neither approach is perfect, Part V also discusses the role …

Reexamining Models Of Disability And Applying Rationality, Morality, And Ethics To Support Disability Rights In Context Of Genetics, Gary C. Norman

Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The author discusses genetic and assistive reproduction science and technology in light of their impact on people with disabilities. Specifically, he focuses on the prism of the models through which disability is recognized. If applied in a manner such that the best facets of both models of disability can bear forth, then the position of the author, a person with a vision disability, is that his colleagues in the disability civil rights movement should not reflexively excoriate genetic and assisted reproduction science and technology. However, safeguarding people with disabilities, who are a discrete and insular minority across the globe, against …

The Collateral Consequences Of Masculinizing Violence, Jamie Abrams

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

Before an enraged gunman fired thirty-six deadly shots into an exercise class filled with women, on August 4, 2009, in Pennsylvania, he blogged that his killing spree was the result of his failure to meet society’s expectations of him as a man. This violent act tragically affirms that hegemonic masculinity – a dominant form of masculinity whereby some types of men have power over women and over some other men – can directly cause violence against women and reveals both the underlying connection between masculinities scholarship and feminist scholarship and the value in exploring that linkage further in both theory …

Getting To Best Practices - A Personal Voyage Around Fair Use, Peter Jaszi

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

These days, I view fair use as a central feature of the law around our information ecology - its presence reminding us, from day to day, that there is more to copyright than maximization, and that innovation happens when the doctrinal settings are loose enough to permit a good deal of "play" (literally and figuratively) in the system. But before the mid-1990s I thought little about the fair use doctrine and did less. As I suspect may be true of other copyright lawyers of my generation (and the ones preceding it, I spent most of my professional career taking fair …

Rise Of The Drones: Unmanned Systems And The Future Of War, Kenneth Anderson

Congressional and Other Testimony

This document is written testimony submitted to the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, for a hearing under the general title of "Rise of the Drones: Unmanned Systems and the Future of War." The hearing covered military, strategic, technological, and economic issues related to unmanned aerial vehicles in military, intelligence, and civilian commercial use. This written testimony addressed certain international law and legal policy issues raised by the use of drones as a means of projecting force. It is primarily addressed to the question of the CIA campaign of drone attacks in Pakistan and beyond, rather than the use …

Predators Over Pakistan, Kenneth Anderson

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

American University, WCL Research Paper No. 2010-06Abstract:This extended policy/political essay argues that targeted killing, by means of unmanned aerial vehicles such as Predator "drones" and including targeted killing as carried out by the CIA, is both a good policy in combating transnational terrorism and a lawful means of self-defense under international law. Lengthy (for a political magazine, at 8,000 words, but easier to read in this pdf format) and unabashedly polemical, the essay urges the Obama administration's lawyers to step up publicly and articulate their views of the legality of targeted killing, and further argues that they need to do …

Curriculum: Investigating Allegations Of Staff Sexual Misconduct With Offenders (Facilitator's Guide), Brenda V. Smith, Morris L. Thigpen, Thomas Beauclair, Dee Halley, Jaime M. Yarussi, Marcia Morgan, Aaron Aldrich, Darrell Alley, Roy Austin, Diane Berman, Susan Carle, Wally Carmichael, Deborah Connor, Dan Dunne, Karen Giannakoulias, Katherine Huffman, Madeleine Lamarre, Susan Mccampbell, Andie Moss, Mary Pinn, Susan Poole, Keith Reid, Jo Sterns, Melissa Turner, A.T. Wall

Reports

Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with Offenders is a 36-hour educational program that addresses the complex issues in investigations of staff on offender sexual abuse in correctional settings. It is primarily designed for investigators, prosecutors, human resource administrators, and high-level correctional administrators, but can be adapted for other audiences.

Before the lesson plans begin on page 31, you will find background information for the instructor. First you will find the proposed program agenda for the training, a list of topics and break times. This provides the instructor with a snapshot of the entire training; each module, topic and time …

Arrival Then Denial: Interpreting §203(A) Of The Clean Air Act, Analyzing Evidentiary Challenges, & Assessing Conflicting Statutory Directives, Jesse Levine

Distinguished Student Research Papers

An “arrival then denial” occurs when uncertified engines arrive at a U.S. port, but are denied entry to the U.S. by Customs & Border Protection (Customs). Why does this matter? In most cases these uncertified engines are sent back to the country of origin. However, due to resource constraints, a sizeable number of uncertified engines slip past Customs and enter the U.S. each year. Uncertified engines, without proper controls, have been estimated to emit at least 30% more emissions than their certified counterparts. Such emissions exacerbate climate change, acid rain, and air quality generally. EPA attorneys assert that their best …

The Post-Medellin Case For Legislative Standing, James A. Turner

Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

After the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government in this country shifted. President Bush expanded the executive’s unilateral authority in international affairs and war powers. Both President Bush and President Obama have extended executive power, and then staunchly protected their expansion of authority from limitation by the legislative and judicial branches. Further, Bush’s use of presidential signing statements to undermine legislative intent suggests that the executive’s power to avoid legislative input may be virtually limitless.

The Supreme Court’s 2008 Medellín v. Texas decision appeared …

This Field Is Our Field: Foreign Players, Domestic Leagues, And The Unlawful Racial Manipulation Of American Sport_Tulane Law Review, N. Jeremi Duru

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

Introduction: During the last several decades, international athletes' presence in professional American sports has reached unprecedented levels. Not all premier professional American sports leagues, however, accommodate internationalization to the same extent. While the National Football League (NFL), the National Hockey League (NHL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and Major League Baseball (MLB) do not impose limits on international entrants into their leagues, Major League Soccer (MLS) does. Under a policy established at the league's founding in 1996 (the MILS Policy or the Policy), no MLS team may stock its twenty-person senior roster with any more than eight international players.

Legislative History Sources, Susan Lewis-Somers

Research Guides

This research guides provides an overview of resources for researching legislative histories: complete legislative histories, legislative history summaries, bill tracking sources, and selected secondary sources. It also identifies the documents that comprise a complete legislative history and sources for locating these documents.

Federal Tax Law Research, Susan Lewis-Somers

Research Guides

This research guide provides an overview of sources for researching Federal Tax Law: treatises, tax services and reporters, Internal Revenue regulations, and court decisions.

Intellectual Property Law Research, Charlene Cain

Research Guides

This research guides provides an overview of resources and search strategies for researching Intellectual Property Law: subject headings, statutes and popular names for selected statutes, legislative histories, regulations, and treatises. It also identifies sources for researching case law and secondary sources - reporters, courts, selected periodicals, and blogs and websites.

A Brief Reflection On The Stages Of The Clinical Year: Group Process With Existentialist Roots, Richard J. Wilson

Working Papers

This short article focuses on "units," or stages of group process, part of my shared experience in law teaching and in adult education at St. Mark’s Church, Capitol Hill, Washington, DC. The article explores the context of the functional education program of church teaching and its common elements with clinical law teaching. The unit structure from church teaching translates well, I conclude, into the structure of clinical legal education.

Clinical Legal Education In Dutch Legal Culture: Clashes Of Tradition, Tolerance, And Progress In Global Law's Capital, Richard J. Wilson

Working Papers

This paper examines the current context of legal education within Dutch legal culture as a case study focusing on the growing role of clinical legal education in the Netherlands, a progressive country in Western Europe, where traditional legal education has held sway for centuries. The Dutch experience with clinical legal education, though limited, is expanding even as the traditional apprenticeship phase of law training there is undergoing major reform, responsive to the growth of "big law." These reforms are largely attributable to a history of innovation and openness in Dutch legal culture, one dimension of which is the general acknowledgment …

Peer-To –Peer Financing For Development: Regulating The Intermediaries, Anna Gelpern

Working Papers

Private actors channel capital to inhabitants of developing countries through a growing variety of intermediaries. Some of those intermediaries operate much like conventional charities, some operate more like for-profit financial institutions, yet others combine features of these models. The last category is growing fast. It also holds the promise of integrating foreign aid and private development finance to bring diversification opportunities for investors, new funding for development, and creative ways to improve development outcomes. Considering the potential reach of such hybrid finance, determining the appropriate regulatory framework for it is an important challenge, which joins policy debates about regulating financial …