Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Comparative and Foreign Law (21)
- Environmental Law (18)
- Constitutional Law (11)
- Health Law and Policy (9)
- Criminal Procedure (7)
-
- Intellectual Property Law (7)
- Judges (6)
- Administrative Law (5)
- Law Enforcement and Corrections (4)
- Privacy Law (4)
- Antitrust and Trade Regulation (3)
- Bankruptcy Law (3)
- Criminal Law (3)
- Estates and Trusts (3)
- Securities Law (3)
- State and Local Government Law (3)
- Water Law (3)
- Civil Procedure (2)
- Commercial Law (2)
- Courts (2)
- Disability Law (2)
- Family Law (2)
- International Law (2)
- Internet Law (2)
- Jurisdiction (2)
- Labor and Employment Law (2)
- Law and Philosophy (2)
- Law and Society (2)
- Legal Profession (2)
- Keyword
Articles 61 - 90 of 114
Full-Text Articles in Law
Taxes And Ability To Pay In Municipal Bankruptcy, John Patrick Hunt
Taxes And Ability To Pay In Municipal Bankruptcy, John Patrick Hunt
Washington Law Review
Scholars and commentators have argued that municipalities can and should use bankruptcy to shed unwanted liabilities, particularly employee healthcare and pension commitments. Courts increasingly have agreed: Detroit’s approved bankruptcy plan cut pensions, and the bankruptcy court overseeing the bankruptcy of Stockton, California brought down barriers to pension-cutting. Both courts found their way around state provisions arguably protecting municipal pensions. Now that pension-cutting in bankruptcy has momentum, we can expect to hear arguments for using bankruptcy not just in cases like Detroit and Stockton where the municipality cannot meet all its obligations, but also in cases where residents or politicians come …
Lawyers For Legal Ghosts: The Legality And Ethics Of Representing Persons Subject To Guardianship, Nina A. Kohn, Catheryn Koss
Lawyers For Legal Ghosts: The Legality And Ethics Of Representing Persons Subject To Guardianship, Nina A. Kohn, Catheryn Koss
Washington Law Review
A person subject to guardianship has been judicially determined to lack legal capacity. Stripped of legal personhood, the individual becomes a ward of the state and his or her decisions are delegated to a guardian. If the guardian abuses that power or the guardianship has been wrongly imposed—as research suggests is not infrequently the case—the person subject to guardianship may rightly wish to mount a legal challenge. However, effectively doing so requires the assistance of an attorney, and persons subject to guardianship typically have not only been declared by a court to be incapable of directing their own affairs but …
State Standing To Challenge Federal Authority In The Modern Administrative State, Shannon M. Roesler
State Standing To Challenge Federal Authority In The Modern Administrative State, Shannon M. Roesler
Washington Law Review
The modern administrative state relies on a model of shared governance. Federal regulatory regimes addressing a range of economic and social issues depend on the participation of state governments for their implementation. Although these state-federal partnerships are often cooperative, conflicts over the allocation of regulatory authority and administrative policy are inevitable. In recent years, states have sought to resolve some of these conflicts in the federal courts. Well-known state challenges to federal authority include challenges to environmental rules, health insurance legislation, and immigration policies. In these cases, courts have struggled to decide whether states have constitutional standing to bring suit …
Anonymization And Risk, Ira S. Rubinstein, Woodrow Hartzog
Anonymization And Risk, Ira S. Rubinstein, Woodrow Hartzog
Washington Law Review
Perfect anonymization of data sets that contain personal information has failed. But the process of protecting data subjects in shared information remains integral to privacy practice and policy. While the deidentification debate has been vigorous and productive, there is no clear direction for policy. As a result, the law has been slow to adapt a holistic approach to protecting data subjects when data sets are released to others. Currently, the law is focused on whether an individual can be identified within a given set. We argue that the best way to move data release policy past the alleged failures of …
Revisiting The Taxation Of Fringe Benefits, Jay A. Soled, Kathleen Delaney Thomas
Revisiting The Taxation Of Fringe Benefits, Jay A. Soled, Kathleen Delaney Thomas
Washington Law Review
The receipt of workplace fringe benefits has become increasingly ubiquitous. As a result of their employment, employees often receive a cornucopia of fringe benefits, including frequent-flier miles, hotel rewards points, rental car preferred status, office supply dollar coupons, cellular telephone use, home internet service, and, in some instances, even free lunches, massages, and dance lessons. Technological advances and workforce globalization are important contributory factors to the popularity of what were, until the turn of this century, previously unknown fringe benefits. In years past, taxpayers could readily turn to the Internal Revenue Code to ascertain the income tax effects and reporting …
The Right To Be Virtually Clothed, Peter W. Cooper
The Right To Be Virtually Clothed, Peter W. Cooper
Washington Law Review
Nonconsensual pornography, also known as, “revenge pornography” or “cyber exploitation,” is the publication of a person’s nude image or video online by a third party. It is a privacy violation that can ruin a person’s social and professional life. Although advocates and lawmakers have done substantial work addressing this problem, current legal remedies fall short. This Comment argues that two privacy protections developed abroad, the “right to be forgotten” and the “right to delete,” should be applied domestically to nonconsensual pornography. One aspect of the “right to be forgotten,” i.e., the ability to remove nonconsensually posted images from search engine …
State Equity Crowdfunding And Investor Protection, Christopher H. Pierce-Wright
State Equity Crowdfunding And Investor Protection, Christopher H. Pierce-Wright
Washington Law Review
Since Kansas enacted the first blue sky law in 1911, securities regulation has sought to protect investors from fraud and speculation. Historically, this meant precluding substantial numbers of small businesses from raising capital in the form of equity investments. In order to facilitate small-business capital formation, in 2012 the federal government passed the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act). Although Title III of the JOBS Act required the Securities and Exchange Commission to undergo rulemaking to allow for small-dollar equity investments, the agency dragged its feet. In the interim, states anxious to jumpstart their own economies took the initiative. …
Legislating Agency Use Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles In Washington State, Ashleigh B. Rhodes
Legislating Agency Use Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles In Washington State, Ashleigh B. Rhodes
Washington Law Review
After years of hearing about “drone strikes” in the Middle East meant to kill terrorists that also kill and maim innocent civilians, Americans have legitimate concerns about the government’s use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) domestically. The public’s anxiety over law enforcement agency use of domestic UAVs stems from worries that UAVs will significantly invade citizens’ privacy. In an effort to allay these privacy concerns, state legislators, including those in Washington State, have introduced statutes aimed at curbing law enforcement agency use of UAVs. However, state legislators should carefully draft legislation to ensure that agencies not acting in a law …
Identity Laws And Privacy Protection In A Modern State: The Legal History Concerning Personal Information In Taiwan (1895-2015), Yung-Hua Kuo, Po-Liang Chen
Identity Laws And Privacy Protection In A Modern State: The Legal History Concerning Personal Information In Taiwan (1895-2015), Yung-Hua Kuo, Po-Liang Chen
Washington International Law Journal
This article investigates the continuity and transformation of the personal identity and identification legal systems in Taiwan. From 1895 to 2015, Japan and subsequently the Republic of China (ROC) ruled Taiwan and transplanted different legal systems of personal information to Taiwan. This article analyzes how these systems were applied to and impacted Taiwanese society in three periods: the Japanese rule period (1895–1945), the period of strict control by the ROC government (1945–1992), and the rise and evolution of the privacy period (1993–2015). When Taiwan was ruled by the Qing Empire (1683–1895), there was no precise personal information database in Taiwan. …
General Public License Version 2: The Risk Of Direct Patent Infringement, Chike Eze
General Public License Version 2: The Risk Of Direct Patent Infringement, Chike Eze
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
The GNU General Public License Version 2 (“GPLv2”) is a popular license for open source software. Despite its importance, only a few GPLv2 cases have been litigated in the courts. In these litigated cases, the plaintiffs claimed breach of contract or copyright infringement against defendants. However, in XimpleWare v. Ameriprise, the plaintiff explored a novel patent-related avenue for open source software authors to attack vendors and customers of open source software. Specifically, XimpleWare alleged direct patent infringement against Versaware, a software vendor, and Ameriprise, Versaware’s customer, for distributing XimpleWare’s GPLv2-licensed software in violation of GPLv2’s copyleft provisions in section …
Translation, Codification, And Transplantation Of Foreign Laws In Taiwan, Tay-Sheng Wang
Translation, Codification, And Transplantation Of Foreign Laws In Taiwan, Tay-Sheng Wang
Washington International Law Journal
Taiwan is an excellent example for rethinking the significance of translation and codification of law in the process of transplantation of modern law in East Asian countries. Regardless of its strangeness to the general public, the translation of Western laws was always codified in Meiji Japan for the purpose of “receiving” modern law. Those Westernized Japanese legal codes also took effect in Taiwan during the later period of Japanese colonial rule, although Japanese colonialists initially applied Taiwanese customary law, created by Western legal terminology, to the Taiwanese to decrease their resistance to the new regime. Using foreign Japanese language to …
"Uniting For Peace" And Humanitarian Intervention: The Authorising Function Of The U.N. General Assembly, Michael Ramsden
"Uniting For Peace" And Humanitarian Intervention: The Authorising Function Of The U.N. General Assembly, Michael Ramsden
Washington International Law Journal
Although the end of the Cold War has seen the functional expansion of the United Nations Security Council, concerns still remain over its legitimacy, driven in part by its failure to address serious and persistent human rights abuses. While this has resurrected arguments in favour of the doctrine of humanitarian intervention outside the U.N. Charter framework, little attention has been paid to how the U.N. General Assembly may authorise such enforcement action under a U.N. mandate through the invocation of the Uniting for Peace mechanism. Some dismiss Uniting for Peace as little more than a relic of the Cold War, …
Legal Analysis: Daesh Control Of Watercourses In Syria And Iraq, Nadim Damluji
Legal Analysis: Daesh Control Of Watercourses In Syria And Iraq, Nadim Damluji
Washington International Law Journal
After years of turmoil, the volatile situation in Iraq and Syria erupted into chaos, setting the stage for the rise of Daesh. Under the leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi since 2013, Daesh has successfully gained control of territory and influence throughout vast regions of Iraq and Syria to create a new religious caliphate. In the water-scarce region, Daesh has executed a plan to capture the most precious resource available: water. The critical threat Daesh poses to watercourse installations along the Tigris and Euphrates in Syria and Iraq poses a pressing challenge to water security in the Middle East. How might …
Don't Count Your Nest Eggs Before They Vest: A Lack Of Reform Could Leave A Generation Of Retiring Israelis Without A Future, Tomer Vandsburger
Don't Count Your Nest Eggs Before They Vest: A Lack Of Reform Could Leave A Generation Of Retiring Israelis Without A Future, Tomer Vandsburger
Washington International Law Journal
Israel’s pension system has changed drastically since the mid-1990s, when it faced an underfunding crisis. The transition to defined contribution plans permitted a wider range of investments and shifted the burden of income-replacement from the government to the individual pension plan participant. This shift required increased protections for pension plans, which led to the creation of the Capital Market Insurance and Savings Division (CMISD) to oversee and regulate pension management entities. In comparison to post-Soviet nations that experienced similar transitions from socialist to market economies, Israel’s pension system is significantly healthier and more regulated. However, the CMISD must enact measures …
Large-Scale Land Acquisitions And Applying A Gender Lens To Supply Chain Reform, Mina Manuchehri
Large-Scale Land Acquisitions And Applying A Gender Lens To Supply Chain Reform, Mina Manuchehri
Washington International Law Journal
In recent years, multinational corporations, in particular food and beverage companies, have committed to “zero tolerance for land grabs” throughout their supply chains. To achieve this end, companies have also committed to international legal norms, including Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). Although these commitments were unprecedented, no company explicitly requires the consideration of women’s use of and rights to land when remedying land grabs or acquiring land. To guarantee that women are included and consulted throughout land acquisition processes, companies should explicitly require the application of a …
Sugar High, Andrew H. Fuller
Sugar High, Andrew H. Fuller
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
Edible marijuana products in commercial marijuana markets, or “edibles,” pose a new challenge to our existing regulatory infrastructure. Marijuana has acquired increasing social and legal acceptance as a form of treatment for a variety of serious illnesses; as such, some states have been challenged to balance the availability and affordability of these treatments with the risk they pose in terms of consumer confusion. Edibles that take the shape of traditional retail candies offer the greatest risk of consumer confusion, especially to children. Consequently, this Article proposes that courts—or, alternately, legislators—should interpret and apply the Lanham Act in a way that …
A Comparative Study Of Non-Compete Agreements For Trade Secret Protection In The United States And China, Hui Shangguan
A Comparative Study Of Non-Compete Agreements For Trade Secret Protection In The United States And China, Hui Shangguan
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
Non-compete agreements are commonly used in both the United States and China, and are regarded as an important means for employers to prevent employees or rival companies from using valuable trade secrets for competitive purposes. Despite their popularity, however, the enforceability of non-competes in both countries can be difficult to determine. In the U.S., the level to which non-competes are fully enforced varies by jurisdiction. While some state courts apply a “rule of reason,” others, such as California, prohibit non-competes altogether. In contrast, Chinese courts tend to support non-competes. This Article provides a comparative perspective of non-competes in the U.S. …
Can Siri 10.0 Buy Your Home? The Legal And Policy Based Implications Of Artificial Intelligent Robots Owning Real Property, David Marc Rothenberg
Can Siri 10.0 Buy Your Home? The Legal And Policy Based Implications Of Artificial Intelligent Robots Owning Real Property, David Marc Rothenberg
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
This Article addresses whether strong artificial intelligent robots (“AI”) should receive real property rights. More than a resource, real property promotes self-respect to natural persons such as human beings. Because of this distinction, this Article argues for limited real property rights for AIs. In developing this proposition, it examines three hypotheticals of a strong AI robot in various forms of real property ownership. The first hypothetical determines whether an AI could work as an agent in real property transactions. As robots currently act as agents in various capacities, the groundwork exists for an AI to enter this role. The second …
Hospital Mergers And Economic Efficiency, Roger D. Blair, Christine Piette Durrance, D. Daniel Sokol
Hospital Mergers And Economic Efficiency, Roger D. Blair, Christine Piette Durrance, D. Daniel Sokol
Washington Law Review
Consolidation via merger both from hospital-to-hospital mergers and from hospital acquisitions of physician groups is changing the competitive landscape of the provision of health care delivery in the United States. This Article undertakes a legal and economic examination of a recent Ninth Circuit case examining the hospital acquisition of a physician group. This Article explores the Saint Alphonsus Medical Center-Nampa Inc. v. St. Luke’s Health System, Ltd. (St. Luke’s) decision—proposing a type of analysis that the district court and Ninth Circuit should have undertaken and that we hope future courts undertake when analyzing mergers in the health care …
Buyers In The Baby Market: Toward A Transparent Consumerism, June Carbone, Jody Lyneé Madeira
Buyers In The Baby Market: Toward A Transparent Consumerism, June Carbone, Jody Lyneé Madeira
Washington Law Review
This Article assesses the forces on the horizon remaking the fertility industry, including greater consolidation in the health care industry, the prospects for expanding (or contracting) insurance coverage, the likely sources of funding for future innovation in the industry, and the impact of globalization and fertility tourism. It concludes that concentration in the American market, in contrast with other medical services, may not necessarily raise prices, and price differentiation may proceed more from fertility tourism than from competition within a single geographic region. The largest challenge may be linking those who would fund innovation, whether innovation that produces new high …
Why A "Large And Unjustified" Payment Threshold Is Not Consistent With Actavis, Michael A. Carrier
Why A "Large And Unjustified" Payment Threshold Is Not Consistent With Actavis, Michael A. Carrier
Washington Law Review
This Article offers three reasons why a requirement that a plaintiff demonstrate a large and unjustified payment before reaching the rule of reason is not consistent with Actavis. First, nearly all of the Court’s discussion of large and unjustified payments occurred in contexts unrelated to the antitrust analysis that future courts were to apply. Second, the Court instructed lower courts to apply the rule of reason, not a new framework with a threshold it never mentioned. And third, such a threshold is inconsistent with the Court’s (1) allowance of shortcuts for plaintiffs to show anticompetitive effects and market power …
The Law, Economics, And Medicine Of Off-Label Prescribing, William S. Comanor, Jack Needleman
The Law, Economics, And Medicine Of Off-Label Prescribing, William S. Comanor, Jack Needleman
Washington Law Review
There is a major dissonance in the current structure of regulating new drugs that have more than one medical indication. Physicians are authorized to prescribe these drugs for all indications including those beyond their approved purposes. However, product manufacturers are expressly prohibited from marketing or promoting their drugs for any purpose other than those which have been specifically indicated. While prescribing physicians are encouraged to gain medical information on any additional indications, they cannot obtain it from one of its most likely sources: the drug’s supplier. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals’ recent opinion in United States v. Caronia has …
Hospital Mergers And Economic Efficiency, Roger D. Blair, Christine Piette Durrance, D. Daniel Sokol
Hospital Mergers And Economic Efficiency, Roger D. Blair, Christine Piette Durrance, D. Daniel Sokol
Washington Law Review
Consolidation via merger both from hospital-to-hospital mergers and from hospital acquisitions of physician groups is changing the competitive landscape of the provision of health care delivery in the United States. This Article undertakes a legal and economic examination of a recent Ninth Circuit case examining the hospital acquisition of a physician group. This Article explores the Saint Alphonsus Medical Center-Nampa Inc. v. St. Luke’s Health System, Ltd. (St. Luke’s) decision—proposing a type of analysis that the district court and Ninth Circuit should have undertaken and that we hope future courts undertake when analyzing mergers in the health care …
Buyers In The Baby Market: Toward A Transparent Consumerism, June Carbone, Jody Lyneé Madeira
Buyers In The Baby Market: Toward A Transparent Consumerism, June Carbone, Jody Lyneé Madeira
Washington Law Review
This Article assesses the forces on the horizon remaking the fertility industry, including greater consolidation in the health care industry, the prospects for expanding (or contracting) insurance coverage, the likely sources of funding for future innovation in the industry, and the impact of globalization and fertility tourism. It concludes that concentration in the American market, in contrast with other medical services, may not necessarily raise prices, and price differentiation may proceed more from fertility tourism than from competition within a single geographic region. The largest challenge may be linking those who would fund innovation, whether innovation that produces new high …
Why A "Large And Unjustified" Payment Threshold Is Not Consistent With Actavis, Michael A. Carrier
Why A "Large And Unjustified" Payment Threshold Is Not Consistent With Actavis, Michael A. Carrier
Washington Law Review
This Article offers three reasons why a requirement that a plaintiff demonstrate a large and unjustified payment before reaching the rule of reason is not consistent with Actavis. First, nearly all of the Court’s discussion of large and unjustified payments occurred in contexts unrelated to the antitrust analysis that future courts were to apply. Second, the Court instructed lower courts to apply the rule of reason, not a new framework with a threshold it never mentioned. And third, such a threshold is inconsistent with the Court’s (1) allowance of shortcuts for plaintiffs to show anticompetitive effects and market power …
The Law, Economics, And Medicine Of Off-Label Prescribing, William S. Comanor, Jack Needleman
The Law, Economics, And Medicine Of Off-Label Prescribing, William S. Comanor, Jack Needleman
Washington Law Review
There is a major dissonance in the current structure of regulating new drugs that have more than one medical indication. Physicians are authorized to prescribe these drugs for all indications including those beyond their approved purposes. However, product manufacturers are expressly prohibited from marketing or promoting their drugs for any purpose other than those which have been specifically indicated. While prescribing physicians are encouraged to gain medical information on any additional indications, they cannot obtain it from one of its most likely sources: the drug’s supplier. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals’ recent opinion in United States v. Caronia has …
A Flexible Health Care Workforce Requires A Flexible Regulatory Environment: Promoting Health Care Competition Through Regulatory Reform, Andrew I. Gavil, Tara Isa Koslov
A Flexible Health Care Workforce Requires A Flexible Regulatory Environment: Promoting Health Care Competition Through Regulatory Reform, Andrew I. Gavil, Tara Isa Koslov
Washington Law Review
Effective competition policy is critical to the success of U.S. health care reform, including efforts to reduce health care costs, increase quality of care, and expand access to health care services. While promoting competition is necessary at every level of the rapidly evolving health care system, it is particularly important with respect to licensed professionals who provide health care services. This Article argues that the current system of health care professional regulation, born of the last century, is in numerous respects an impediment to the kinds of changes needed to fully unleash the benefits of competition among different types of …
Navigating Through The Fog Of Vertical Merger Law: A Guide To Counselling Hospital-Physician Consolidation Under The Clayton Act, Thomas L. Greaney, Douglas Ross
Navigating Through The Fog Of Vertical Merger Law: A Guide To Counselling Hospital-Physician Consolidation Under The Clayton Act, Thomas L. Greaney, Douglas Ross
Washington Law Review
Lawyers assessing legality under the antitrust laws of hospital acquisitions of physician practices face a quandary. The case law is sparse, federal enforcement guidance outdated, and academic input conflicting. Applying these muddled standards in the rapidlyevolving health care sector only magnifies the uncertainty. While most transactions will be competitively neutral or beneficial, rapidly evolving market conditions causing integration between hospitals and physicians present opportunities for consolidations that may harm consumer interests. Indeed, given the highly concentrated structure of many hospital markets in the nation, preemptive acquisitions of physician practices may be a tempting strategy for some to undermine competition. This …
Buyer Power And Healthcare Prices, John B. Kirkwood
Buyer Power And Healthcare Prices, John B. Kirkwood
Washington Law Review
One major reason why healthcare spending is much higher in America than in other countries is that our prices are exceptionally high. This Article addresses whether we ought to rely more heavily on buyer power to reduce those prices, as other nations do. It focuses on two sectors where greater buyer power could easily be exercised: prescription drugs covered by Medicare and hospital and physician services covered by private insurance. The Article concludes that the biggest buyer of all, the federal government, should be allowed to negotiate Medicare prescription drug prices. This would likely reduce the prices of many branded …
Consume Or Invest: What Do/Should Agency Leaders Maximize?, William E. Kovacic, David A. Hyman
Consume Or Invest: What Do/Should Agency Leaders Maximize?, William E. Kovacic, David A. Hyman
Washington Law Review
In the regulatory state, agency leaders face a fundamental choice: should they “consume,” or should they “invest”? “Consume” means launching high profile cases and rulemaking projects. “Invest” means developing and nurturing the necessary infrastructure for the agency to handle whatever the future may bring. The former brings headlines, while the latter will be completely ignored. Unsurprisingly, consumption is routinely prioritized, and investment is deferred, downgraded, or overlooked entirely. This Article outlines the incentives for agency leadership to behave in this way and explores the resulting agency costs (pun intended). The U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s health care portfolio provides a useful …