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Double-Trouble: The Underregulation Of Surreptitious Video Surveillance In Conjunction With The Use Of Snitches In Domestic Government Investigations, Mona R. Shokrai Jan 2006

Double-Trouble: The Underregulation Of Surreptitious Video Surveillance In Conjunction With The Use Of Snitches In Domestic Government Investigations, Mona R. Shokrai

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Technological advancements in digital imagery and visual recordings have all but vitiated any expectation of privacy in public places. Yet this Orwellian state of constant governmental surveillance has extended beyond the scope of public observation. Closely-held expectations of privacy in the most intimate locations have also become subject to government observation. The means by which the government is able to garner such detailed information concerning the minutiae of our private lives is in need of assessment.


E-Commerce: Legal Issues Of The Online Retailer In Virginia, Jonathan D. Frieden, Sean Patrick Roche Jan 2006

E-Commerce: Legal Issues Of The Online Retailer In Virginia, Jonathan D. Frieden, Sean Patrick Roche

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The popularity and growth of online retailing, now in its tenth year, has shattered experts’ expectations. “Online sales in the United States grew twenty-four percent last year, to about $90 billion, and online retailing now accounts for nearly five percent of all retail sales.”


Appendix A To Marvin L. Longabaugh, The Z-Test For Percentages: A Statistical Tool To Detect Pretextually Neutral Juror Challenges Jan 2006

Appendix A To Marvin L. Longabaugh, The Z-Test For Percentages: A Statistical Tool To Detect Pretextually Neutral Juror Challenges

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

No abstract provided.


Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Neal H. Lewis Jan 2006

Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Neal H. Lewis

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Welcome to the fourth issue and final of the Richmond Journal of Law & Technology for the 2005-2006 academic year. Volume 12, Issue 4 is the second publication of the Journal’s Annual Survey on Electronic Discovery. The topic of Electronic Discovery is particularly relevant considering the impending applicability of the proposed amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Annual Survey Editor has worked extensively to bring together different commentary on Electronic Discovery.


Faulkner V. National Geographic’S Effect On Author's Rights In Electronic Transfer, Allison Hundstad Jan 2006

Faulkner V. National Geographic’S Effect On Author's Rights In Electronic Transfer, Allison Hundstad

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Technological advances have triggered constant evolution in copyright law. As the Internet and computers have allowed images and written works to be available with the click of a button, Congress and the courts have been faced with the task of reshaping copyright law in order to determine the digital rights of material that already has copyright protection in its print form, with the goal of reducing the uncertainty surrounding the ownership of the right to reproduce these materials in a digital format.


Coining Children's Blood Into Capital: Can Precepts Of International Law End Economic Exploitation Of Children, Valerie L 'Herrou Jan 2006

Coining Children's Blood Into Capital: Can Precepts Of International Law End Economic Exploitation Of Children, Valerie L 'Herrou

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

Article 32 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ("UN Convention") states that parties to the convention must "recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development." Despite this well-intentioned document and several other treaties, conventions and protocols, millions of children around the world are subjected to varying degrees of economic exploitation, some in conditions that are akin to …


Table Of Contents Jan 2006

Table Of Contents

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

Winter/Spring 2006 - Articles and Commentaries


Virginia's Sexually Violence Predators Act: A Guide For Virginia [Court-Appointed] Attorneys, Neal Lewis Jan 2006

Virginia's Sexually Violence Predators Act: A Guide For Virginia [Court-Appointed] Attorneys, Neal Lewis

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

Following this introduction, Part I deals with a brief historical perspective on SVP statutes. Part II provides an outline of the preliminary processes involved before an SVP civil commitment proceeding is started. Part III discusses the courtroom phases of trial, both the probable cause hearing and the trial itself. Part IV discusses the options for the judge following trial. This comment concludes with a discussion of some possible approaches for the courtappointed attorney in handling SVP civil commitment cases.


An Examination Of The United States Supreme Court's Recent Establishment Clause Rulings In Mccreary County, Ky. V. American Civil Liberties Union And Van Order V. Perry, Joanna L. Suyes Jan 2006

An Examination Of The United States Supreme Court's Recent Establishment Clause Rulings In Mccreary County, Ky. V. American Civil Liberties Union And Van Order V. Perry, Joanna L. Suyes

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

Responding to a question concerning whether or not his followers should pay taxes to the Roman government, the Bible records that Jesus answered, "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's and unto God the things that are God's." This statement, quoted in the Bible's Gospel of Matthew, has been called one of the "most revolutionary and history-making utterances that ever fell from those lips divine.",While the famous words of Jesus make clear the existence of a distinction between the realms of religion and government, they shed little light on the type of balance that should be struck between them.


Civil Disobedience In The Jury Room: Give Juries The Right To Go With Their Power, Robert J. Gallaghe Jan 2006

Civil Disobedience In The Jury Room: Give Juries The Right To Go With Their Power, Robert J. Gallaghe

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

This Comment will argue that jury nullification is not only a power enjoyed by juries throughout America, but a duty conferred on jurors, and a part of the criminal justice system that should be embraced, not hidden from sight. Part I will highlight the historical origins and justifications of jury nullification. It will also discuss jury nullification in its contemporary context. Part II will address some of the criticisms of jury nullification and provide responses to those criticisms. Finally, Part III will propose a framework for integrating jury nullification into the regular criminal justice process.


Smith V. City Of Jackson: Disparate Impact In Age Discrimination Cases, Michael Leedom Jan 2006

Smith V. City Of Jackson: Disparate Impact In Age Discrimination Cases, Michael Leedom

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

In the wake of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, an act which protected minorities and women from employment discrimination but did not prohibit discrimination based on age, Congress enacted the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (hereinafter "ADEA"). This act prohibits an employer from taking actions which "would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individual's age." At first glance, this statutory prohibition would seem to be very similar to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and indeed the …


The Rationality Of Law Students' Career Choices, Aaron Haas Jan 2006

The Rationality Of Law Students' Career Choices, Aaron Haas

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

Two of the major problems confronting the legal profession today are increasing rates of job dissatisfaction and the persistent problem of encouraging lawyers to work in public interest settings. These two problems are actually connected in an important way. Researchers have found that lawyers earning the highest salaries, typically in large law firms, are also the most dissatisfied with their profession, while lawyers working for government agencies, public interest organizations, and educational institutions are among the most satisfied. In other words, encouraging more law students to enter public service law could address both the problem of unhappiness in the profession …


Through The Looking Glass: Judicial Deference To Academic Decision-Making, Douglas K. Rush Jan 2006

Through The Looking Glass: Judicial Deference To Academic Decision-Making, Douglas K. Rush

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

This paper will review the statutory mandates of Section 504 and the ADA and examine the extent to which courts are willing to defer to institutional decisions concerning program modifications to accommodate learning disabled students. Courts have long recognized that academic decision-makers are entitled to deference, especially when their decisions concern issues related to educational programs. Courts must be vigilant, however, to properly weigh their role as the enforcers of Congressional legislation against the judicial policy of deference to academic decisions. Section I of this article will review the federal statutory and regulatory frameworks governing disability accommodations as they relate …


Who's Afraid Of Promissory Estoppel: Charitable Giving In Virginia And The Enforceability Of Promised Gifts, Charlotte Dauphin Jan 2006

Who's Afraid Of Promissory Estoppel: Charitable Giving In Virginia And The Enforceability Of Promised Gifts, Charlotte Dauphin

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

In May of 2005, the Virginia Museum of Fine Art ("VMFA") announced that collectors James W. and Frances G. McGlothlin intend to bequeath their collection of American realist art. The bequest is valued at $100 million, and includes 33 American paintings, drawings and watercolors as well as a new wing for the museum. However, what happens if the McGlothlins change their mind? Is there any way for the VMFA, or any museum in Virginia, to improve the enforceability of charitable pledges of works of art?


Parallel Trade, Unparallel Laws: An Examination Of The Pharmaceutical Parallel Trade Laws Of The United States, The European Union And The World Trade Organization, Julia A. Moore Jan 2006

Parallel Trade, Unparallel Laws: An Examination Of The Pharmaceutical Parallel Trade Laws Of The United States, The European Union And The World Trade Organization, Julia A. Moore

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.


Signed, Sealed, Delivered, And Then…: An Evaluation Of The Correlation Between Policy Areas, Signing, And Legal Ratification Of Organization Of American States’ Treaties By Member States, Alexandra R. Harrington Jan 2006

Signed, Sealed, Delivered, And Then…: An Evaluation Of The Correlation Between Policy Areas, Signing, And Legal Ratification Of Organization Of American States’ Treaties By Member States, Alexandra R. Harrington

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.


Current Developments Of Wto Dispute Settlement Body Findings On The U.S. Antidumping Sunset Review Regime, Changho Sohn Jan 2006

Current Developments Of Wto Dispute Settlement Body Findings On The U.S. Antidumping Sunset Review Regime, Changho Sohn

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.


Chapter 15 And The Advancement Of International Cooperation In Cross-Border Bankruptcy Proceedings, Bryan Stark Jan 2006

Chapter 15 And The Advancement Of International Cooperation In Cross-Border Bankruptcy Proceedings, Bryan Stark

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.


International Migration And Trade: A Multi-Disciplinary Synthesis, Jagdeep S. Bhandari Jan 2006

International Migration And Trade: A Multi-Disciplinary Synthesis, Jagdeep S. Bhandari

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.


A Duty Everlasting: The Perils Of Applying Traditional Doctrines Of Spoliation To Electronic Discovery, Michael R. Nelson, Mark H. Rosenberg Jan 2006

A Duty Everlasting: The Perils Of Applying Traditional Doctrines Of Spoliation To Electronic Discovery, Michael R. Nelson, Mark H. Rosenberg

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure regarding electronic discovery are expected to take effect on December 1, 2006. These amendments are designed to alleviate the burden, expense and uncertainty that has resulted from the application of traditional discovery principles in the electronic age. These principles worked well in an era where discovery was primarily limited to the production of paper documentation, but have proved unworkable when applied to the discovery of electronic data, particularly in the “corporate world,” where even the most routine business discussions are captured in electronic format.5


Small V. United States: Defining "Any" As A Subset Of "Any", Lee G. Lester Jan 2006

Small V. United States: Defining "Any" As A Subset Of "Any", Lee G. Lester

University of Richmond Law Review

"It shall be unlawful for any person.., who has been convicted in any court of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year ... to ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition ...." Although this statute, 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), was enacted to keep firearms out of the hands of persons not entitled to possess them because of their criminal backgrounds, the scope of this statute has been controversial. Specifically, the federal circuits have disagreed as to whether the phrase "any court" applies to foreign courts …


Contents Jan 2006

Contents

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


Jackson V. Birmingham Board Of Education: Expanding The Class Of The Protected, Or Protecting The Protectors?, Cassandra M. Hausrath Jan 2006

Jackson V. Birmingham Board Of Education: Expanding The Class Of The Protected, Or Protecting The Protectors?, Cassandra M. Hausrath

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


E-Prescribing In A Changing Legal Environment, Jeff Todd Jan 2006

E-Prescribing In A Changing Legal Environment, Jeff Todd

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Perhaps nothing permeates modern American society as much as prescription drugs. Evidence of this exists not just in television and magazine ads extolling the promises of Viagra and Nexium, but also in a few statistics. First, forty-six percent of Americans use at least one prescription drug daily. Further, in 2001, 3.1 billion prescriptions were issued in the United States at a cost of $132 billion. That amount is projected to increase to $414 billion by 2014.3 Such numbers explain the intensity of the recent political and legal debates surrounding prescription drugs, such as the importation of American pharmaceuticals from Canada …


Bigger Phish To Fry: Californias Anti- Phishing Statute And Its Potential Imposition Of Secondary Liability On Internet Service Providers, Camille Calman Jan 2006

Bigger Phish To Fry: Californias Anti- Phishing Statute And Its Potential Imposition Of Secondary Liability On Internet Service Providers, Camille Calman

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The incidence of phishing, a form of internet fraud, has increased dramatically since 2003. Identity thieves searching for vulnerabilities in internet security have realized that customers are the weak link. Using mass e-mailings and websites purporting to be those of well-known and trusted corporations, “phishers” trick customers into revealing personal and financial information.


On International Trademark And The Internet: The Lanham Act’S Long Arms, Joshua Clowers Jan 2006

On International Trademark And The Internet: The Lanham Act’S Long Arms, Joshua Clowers

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Trademarks tie a face to a product. The face is often a name or symbol, but it can also be something like a sound, a smell or even a “look.” They exist for the benefit of both the trademark owner/producer and the consumer. The purpose of a trademark, traditionally, has been to protect against the confusion of consumers when selecting products or services. Yet, a trademark’s functionality is not limited to preventing confusion. Other uses include both preserving the goodwill of the consumer for the mark owner and preventing the “diversion of trade through commercial misrepresentations.”


Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Jon S. Player Jan 2006

Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Jon S. Player

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The Richmond Journal of Law and Technology is proud to present its second issue of the 2006–2007 academic school year. The Journal staff has worked diligently during the first half of the year to produce an exceptional issue.


Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Neal H. Lewis Jan 2006

Introduction: Contains Cover, Table Of Contents, Letter From The Editor, And Masthead, Neal H. Lewis

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Welcome to the third issue of the Richmond Journal of Law & Technology for the 2005-2006 academic year. Volume 12, Issue 3 deals with contemporary issues of law and technology involving privacy, academics, and healthcare.


The Impact Of The Proposed Federal E-Discovery Rules, Thomas Y. Allman Jan 2006

The Impact Of The Proposed Federal E-Discovery Rules, Thomas Y. Allman

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Because of a conviction that e-discovery presents unique issues requiring uniform national rules, the Judicial Conference of the United States (“Judicial Conference”) has recommended and the Supreme Court has approved a number of amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (“Proposed Rules”), which are scheduled to go into effect at the end of 2006.


Waiving The Privilege In A Storm Of Data: An Argument For Uniformity And Rationality In Dealing With The Inadvertent Production Of Privileged Materials In The Age Of Electronically Stored Information, Dennis R. Kiker Jan 2006

Waiving The Privilege In A Storm Of Data: An Argument For Uniformity And Rationality In Dealing With The Inadvertent Production Of Privileged Materials In The Age Of Electronically Stored Information, Dennis R. Kiker

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

At the point where one of the most venerable principles of common law and the reality of modern information management collide, even the most diligent attorneys may become victims of the resulting fallout.