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Articles 61 - 88 of 88
Full-Text Articles in Law
Antitrust Law--Restraint Of Trade--Antitrust Implications Of The Exchange Of Price Information Among Competitors: The Container Corporation Case, Michigan Law Review
Antitrust Law--Restraint Of Trade--Antitrust Implications Of The Exchange Of Price Information Among Competitors: The Container Corporation Case, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Traditionally, it has not proved difficult to find policy considerations which justify the existence of programs of price information exchange among competitors. There has been widespread agreement that businessmen require knowledge of all the economic forces which affect their operations. Justice Holmes once said: "I should have thought that the ideal of commerce was an intelligent interchange made with full knowledge of the facts as a basis for the forecast of the future on both sides." Similarly, Justice Brandeis commented that "[t]he Sherman Law ... certainly does not command that competition shall be pursued blindly, that business rivals shall remain …
Constitutional Reflections On Abortion Reform, Patrick L. Baude
Constitutional Reflections On Abortion Reform, Patrick L. Baude
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
United States abortion law is evolving comparably. Even eight years ago, public opinion was deeply divided when a Phoenix housewife sought to avoid giving birth after taking Thalidomide. The Model Penal Code, promulgated that year, authorized abortion in cases of felonious intercourse, to avoid deformity, and to protect the physical or mental health of the mother; these faintly daring innovations are now in danger of being declared unconstitutional because they are too limited. In the last year, three courts have invalidated moderate abortion statutes and the New York legislature has permitted abortion at will in early pregnancy. The purpose of …
Massachusetts In The Federal Courts: The Constitutionality Of The Vietnam War, Anthony A. D'Amato
Massachusetts In The Federal Courts: The Constitutionality Of The Vietnam War, Anthony A. D'Amato
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
One of the most singular pieces of legislation in American constitutional history passed both houses of the Massachusetts legislature on April 1st, 1970, and was signed into law on the following day by Governor Francis W. Sargent. It provides that, except for an emergency, no inhabitant of Massachusetts inducted into or serving in the armed forces "shall be required to serve" abroad in an armed hostility that has not been declared a war by Congress under Article 1, Section 8, clause 11 of the United States Constitution. The bill further directs the state's attorney general to bring a suit testing …
Effluent Charges: Water Polution Control, Giovanna M. Longo
Effluent Charges: Water Polution Control, Giovanna M. Longo
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Various schemes to abate pollution have been proposed as the answer to the problem: expansion of existing treatment facilities; imposition of heavy penalties on individual polluters; granting tax incentives to reduce pollution; an absolute prohibition on dumping of certain or all pollutants; and the imposition of effluent charges. The particular remedy that is pursued should be selected on the basis of its ability to eliminate the root causes of pollution. Therefore, before an effective solution may be formulated, it is necessary to consider the reasons for the existence of the water pollution problem.
Michigan Environmental Protection Act Of 1970, Susan Pearce
Michigan Environmental Protection Act Of 1970, Susan Pearce
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Widespread public preoccupation with environmental quality is a recent development, and one that has provided the impetus for a thorough examination of existing governmental structures in order to establish a functional system for the environment's protection and improvement. Commenting on this development, a leading environmental lawyer recently noted: "[T]he explosion of concern for the environment, at every private and governmental level, is the great political phenomenon of the last twelve months." As concern has grown about the quality of the environment, so too has skepticism increased about the ability of present institutions to cope with the problem. A constitutional amendment …
Michigan Air Pollution Control: A Case Study, William A. Irwin
Michigan Air Pollution Control: A Case Study, William A. Irwin
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The State of Michigan began its fight against air pollution with the passage of two Acts in 1965: the Air Pollution Act and the Tax Exemption for Air Pollution Control Act. In adopting these acts the legislature hoped to solve the state's special needs for immediate air pollution control, created by the heavy concentration of automobile manufacturers and their suppliers in the state. The fight was to be waged through the efforts of a newly-created Air Pollution Control Commission and its staff. To present an evaluation of the success of these efforts, this comment concentrates upon two case studies of …
Constitutional Problems Of Population Control, Bettye S. Elkins
Constitutional Problems Of Population Control, Bettye S. Elkins
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
An analysis of the urgency and magnitude of the population problem would show that both national and human survival depend on limiting man's incredible ability to procreate. The world's resources are finite; man's consumption of them must be made so, too, or Malthus' four horsemen will balance the supply and demand for us. If we are not to starve our grandchildren, to leave them with no immunity to the pestilence of overcrowding and hopelessness, to kill them with pollution, or to force war upon them as the only way to secure enough territory to feed a voracious population, we must …
The Newsman's Privilege: Protection Of Confidential Associations And Private Communications, Wayne C. Dabb Jr., Peter A. Kelly
The Newsman's Privilege: Protection Of Confidential Associations And Private Communications, Wayne C. Dabb Jr., Peter A. Kelly
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The purpose of this comment is to determine whether the confidential associations and-or private communications of a newsman are privileged.
Water Pollution Control In Vermont: A System Of Effluent Charges, Hobart Birmingham
Water Pollution Control In Vermont: A System Of Effluent Charges, Hobart Birmingham
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In the final hours of a three month session, Vermont's legislature adopted a water pollution control law which imposes fees on polluters. Control of water pollution has been a popular issue in Vermont-its first comprehensive laws on the subject were passed in 1949 -and this new legislation is designed to be a major step toward upgrading much of that state's water resources. Increasing industrial and municipal water use has resulted in such widespread pollution that the traditional private law of riparian rights provides an inadequate remedy to the problem of unclean water. Consequently, state intervention has become essential to the …
The Language Of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization: A Study In Sound And Fury, Steven H. Levinson
The Language Of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization: A Study In Sound And Fury, Steven H. Levinson
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Involuntary civil commitment is the business of hospitalizing and treating, without their consent, persons whom a court, with the aid of professional diagnosticians, determines to be psychologically disturbed or mentally ill. The purpose of the present study will be to demonstrate that the medical diagnoses of mental illness which justify involuntary civil commitment are achieved on the basis of at least unreliable and at worst invalid sets of diagnostic categories and assessments. For the purpose of determining the reliability of these diagnostic findings, the author selected a representative sample of the involuntary mental hospitalization proceedings of the Wayne County Probate …
Restrictions On Student Voting: An Unconstitutional Anachronism?, W. Perry Bullard, James A. Rice
Restrictions On Student Voting: An Unconstitutional Anachronism?, W. Perry Bullard, James A. Rice
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Using Michigan as a vehicle for analysis because it has a student voting process representative of many states, this note seeks to accomplish four purposes: (1) an examination of the case law often underlying the presumption against student registrability; (2) an analysis of recent constitutional developments in the due process and equal protection areas as they relate to the particular problems posed by the student voter; (3) a survey of the competing local and student interests in the student vote issue; and (4) a conclusion regarding the likelihood that thwarted student voters can follow the paths of other disfranchised groups …
New York City Consumer Protection Law Of 1969, Thomas G. Morgan
New York City Consumer Protection Law Of 1969, Thomas G. Morgan
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In recent years there has been growing concern over the lack of legal protection afforded the American consumer. Comprehensive consumer protection legislation has been introduced at all levels of government, and several significant proposals have been enacted into law. One such enactment at the municipal level is the New York City Consumer Protection Law of 1969, which establishes a framework for a broad ban against unfair trade practices and vests the city's Commissioner of Consumer Affairs with extensive powers of enforcement. In this note, the New York City ordinance will be analyzed and evaluated against the general background of existing …
Decentralization Of Metropolitan Government: Reform In Indianapolis, Charles T. Richardson
Decentralization Of Metropolitan Government: Reform In Indianapolis, Charles T. Richardson
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This note will deal first with the reasons for centralization of local governments and how certain cities, especially Indianapolis, have achieved that goal. The issue of involving smaller communities in the solution to urban problems will then be discussed, first in the context of certain objections to the Indianapolis consolidation, then in the context of the achievement record of community development corporations, and finally with relation to MINIGOV itself. Part IV will consider specific sections of the MINIGOV bill dealing with citizen participation in land use planning and development, and Part V will more broadly compare the Indianapolis scheme to …
Proposed Amendments To The Welfare And Pension Plans Disclosure Act, Stephen E. Dawson
Proposed Amendments To The Welfare And Pension Plans Disclosure Act, Stephen E. Dawson
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Proposals to regulate private pension and deferred profit-sharing plans are by no means new to Congress. With the rapid growth in size, number and complexity of such plans in the late 1940's and early 1950's, Congress began to give increasingly close attention to their defects and, particularly, to their mismanagement. The first congressional attempt to reduce the instances of private pension plan mismanagement occurred in 1958 when Congress enacted the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act. The Act was amended once in 1962, and further proposed amendments are presently before the Congress. This note will examine two of the proposed …
Compulsory No-Fault Medical Insurance For Automobile Owners, William L. Schlosser
Compulsory No-Fault Medical Insurance For Automobile Owners, William L. Schlosser
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The enactment of the Massachusetts compulsory no-fault insurance bill, and Senator Phillip Hart's recent introduction of national no-fault insurance legislation, indicate the serious consideration no-fault insurance is receiving as a method of reforming the existing auto accident compensation system. The current tort system of recovery of auto accident medical expenses is inefficient, and, in many cases, does not adequately compensate the injured parties. Compulsory no-fault insurance is well suited to remedy these deficiencies. Under a no-fault insurance plan, benefits would be paid without regard to the question of fault; consequently, every accident victim would receive compensation without first having to …
Michigan Environmental Protection Act, Roger L. Conner
Michigan Environmental Protection Act, Roger L. Conner
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Each of the questions discussed in this note revolve around the same basic issue: the propriety of vesting broad power in the courts to prevent environmental destruction, and to develop an environmental common law. The need for the broad standard of the Act derives from the complexity of the problem. The clear authority of the courts to decide cases which have been, or should have been dealt with by an administrative agency is important both for the relationship it establishes between citizens and agencies, and to insure that the policies of the Act will be implemented. In responding to these …
Katzenbach V. Morgan And The 18 Year Old Vote, E. Rick Buell Ii
Katzenbach V. Morgan And The 18 Year Old Vote, E. Rick Buell Ii
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Recently the 91st Congress passed the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970. The provisions of the statute include Title III which extended the right of suffrage to eighteen year old citizens in all federal, state, and local elections. The basis for enacting Title III was the belief of Congress that citizens between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one, by being denied the right to vote, were being denied equal protection of the laws as required by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The purpose of this note is to briefly trace the historical development of Congress' power to …
The Proposed Michigan Business Corporation Act, Stanley Siegel
The Proposed Michigan Business Corporation Act, Stanley Siegel
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The author of this article was selected by the Commission as Reporter, to draft and revise the statute. It is the purpose of this article to describe the drafting process, to outline the general structure and to examine some unique aspects of the proposed Michigan Business Corporation Act. In this discussion, the author expresses his own views only, and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Law Revision Commission or its members.
Souped Up Affirmative Disclosure Orders Of The Federal Trade Commission, William F. Lemke Jr.
Souped Up Affirmative Disclosure Orders Of The Federal Trade Commission, William F. Lemke Jr.
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Under section 5(b) of the Federal Trade Commission Act the Commission is given authority to conduct hearings, make findings and issue cease and desist orders requiring any person, partnership or corporation to cease and desist from use of unfair methods of competition or unfair or deceptive practices in commerce. The Commission also issues consent orders in cases which are concluded by agreement between the Commission and the allegedly offending party. Consent orders have the same force and binding effect as those issued after hearings and findings. Although it is well established that the Commission has very broad discretion and authority …
Nonstatutory Review Of Federal Administrative Action: The Need For Statutory Reform Of Sovereign Immunity, Subject Matter Jurisdiction, And Parties Defendant, Roger C. Cramton
Nonstatutory Review Of Federal Administrative Action: The Need For Statutory Reform Of Sovereign Immunity, Subject Matter Jurisdiction, And Parties Defendant, Roger C. Cramton
Michigan Law Review
The purpose of this Article is to generate support for three legislative proposals that will rectify the problems exemplified by the Gnotta case and hosts of other cases: (1) The elimination of the doctrine of sovereign immunity as a barrier to judicial review of federal administrative action; (2) a modest expansion of the subject matter jurisdiction of United States district courts to accommodate such review and, in addition, to provide a remedy against the United States for the resolution of property disputes; and (3) the total elimination of the remaining technicalities concerning the identification, naming, capacity, and joinder of parties …
Constitutional Law--The Right To A Jury Trial In Disbarment Proceedings, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law--The Right To A Jury Trial In Disbarment Proceedings, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Lawyers in the United States have long been considered officers of the court, subject to examination for good moral character and adequate education in law before admission to the bar. They have also been subject to summary proceedings for disbarment whenever they have deviated from accepted standards of conduct embodied in various codes of professional ethics. Although the specific grounds for disbarment vary from state to state and between federal and state courts, one thing is clear: in the absence of a specific statutory provision there traditionally has been no right to a jury trial in disbarment proceedings. Since the …
The Standard Of Proof In Juvenile Proceedings: Gault Beyond A Reasonable Doubt, James Hillson Cohen
The Standard Of Proof In Juvenile Proceedings: Gault Beyond A Reasonable Doubt, James Hillson Cohen
Michigan Law Review
Some of those who have studied the question of the appropriate standard of proof in juvenile proceedings have determined that the "preponderance of the evidence" standard-the standard applied in civil cases-is sufficient, and that the criminal standard should not be applied in such cases. Others have suggested that the standard-of proof question is unimportant since the particular standard which is required will seldom, if ever, make a difference to the outcome of a case. The first of these views is the subject to which the bulk of this Article is addressed; the second can be rebutted by the observation that …
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 68, Issue 3 of Michigan Law Review
American Bar Association Project On Minimum Standards For Criminal Justice: Standards Relating To Trial By Jury (Approved Draft), Melvin M. Belli
American Bar Association Project On Minimum Standards For Criminal Justice: Standards Relating To Trial By Jury (Approved Draft), Melvin M. Belli
Michigan Law Review
A Review of American Bar Association Project on Minimum Standards for Criminal Justice: Standards Relating to Trial by Jury (Approved Draft). Recommended by the Advisory Committee on the Criminal Trial
The Public Trust Doctrine In Natural Resource Law: Effective Judicial Intervention, Joseph L. Sax
The Public Trust Doctrine In Natural Resource Law: Effective Judicial Intervention, Joseph L. Sax
Michigan Law Review
Public concern about environmental quality is beginning to be felt in the courtroom. Private citizens, no longer willing to accede to the efforts of administrative agencies to protect the public interest, have begun to take the initiative themselves. One dramatic result is a proliferation of lawsuits in which citizens, demanding judicial recognition of their rights as members of the public, sue the very governmental agencies which are supposed to be protecting the public interest. While this Article was being written, several dozen such suits were initiated-to enforce air and water pollution laws in states where public agencies have been created …
Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Subject Index of Articles, Comments, Notes, and Recent Developments Appearing in Leading Law Reviews
Books Received, Michigan Law Review
Books Received, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A List of Books Received by Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Front Matter, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Front Matter for Volume 68, Issue 7 of Michigan Law Review