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Articles 31 - 60 of 87
Full-Text Articles in Law
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2012, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2012, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
This recent developments outline discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during the most recent twelve months - and sometimes a little farther back in time if we find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted - unless one of us decides to go …
Meaningless Comparisons: Corporate Tax Reform Discourse In The United States, Omri Y. Marian
Meaningless Comparisons: Corporate Tax Reform Discourse In The United States, Omri Y. Marian
UF Law Faculty Publications
This article examines the role that international comparisons play in current corporate tax reform discourse in the United States. Citing the need to make the U.S. corporate tax system more competitive, comparisons are frequently used to assess other jurisdictions' tax-competitiveness, and many legislative proposals are supported by such comparative arguments. Examining such discourse against the background of several theoretical approaches to comparative law, this article argues that, to the extent that comparisons are aimed at providing guidance for prospective reform, this purpose is not well served. Participants in the corporate tax reform discourse, from both sides of the aisle, lack …
Managing The Next Deluge: A Tax System Approach To Flood Insurance, Charlene Luke, Aviva Abramovsky
Managing The Next Deluge: A Tax System Approach To Flood Insurance, Charlene Luke, Aviva Abramovsky
UF Law Faculty Publications
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has fallen short in fulfilling its promise as a social safety net for flood loss victims. In place of the NFIP, this Article proposes a mandatory social insurance plan that would harness the strengths of the federal taxing authority to provide basic relief for flood losses occurring at an individual’s primary residence. Any plan for addressing flood loss must navigate hotly debated, competing views about government intervention, redistribution, private markets, environmental protection, and property rights. This Article argues that government intervention in flood loss relief is inevitable, at least in the foreseeable future, and …
Understanding Consolidated Returns, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr.
Understanding Consolidated Returns, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr.
UF Law Faculty Publications
Section 1501 allows all of the members of an affiliated group of corporations to elect to file a consolidated return. A consolidated return permits the includible members of an affiliated group of corporations to combine their incomes into a single return. The detailed rules for filing consolidated returns are found in regulations promulgated pursuant to a broad delegation of authority in section 1502 of the Internal Revenue Code. In general, the regulations reflect a “single entity” approach that attempts to treat the several members of a consolidated group in the same manner as divisions of a single corporation. This article …
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2011, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2011, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
This recent developments outline discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during the most recent twelve months - and sometimes a little farther back in time if we find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted - unless one of us decides to go …
Reframing Economic Substance, Karen C. Burke
Reframing Economic Substance, Karen C. Burke
UF Law Faculty Publications
Under the economic substance doctrine as codified in 26 U.S.C. § 7701(o), legislatively unintended tax benefits may be disallowed if a transaction lacks a substantial business purpose or fails to accomplish a meaningful change in the taxpayer's economic position. In a recent article on framing the “transaction” in economic substance cases, David Hariton makes three interrelated points. First, he observes that even though the judicial outcome may depend largely on how the relevant transaction is framed, few courts have explicitly focused on the framing issue. Second, he proposes that courts should presumptively frame the underlying transaction broadly by focusing on …
What Would Henry Simons Do?: Using An Ideal To Shape And Explain The Economic Substance Doctrine, Charlene Luke
What Would Henry Simons Do?: Using An Ideal To Shape And Explain The Economic Substance Doctrine, Charlene Luke
UF Law Faculty Publications
The law and policy governing tax shelters is incomplete, sometimes contradictory, and occasionally incoherent. Indeed, consensus has yet to emerge even as to which transactions should bear the tax shelter label. Often reform efforts are grounded in theories that are largely external to tax law—for example, economic theory relating to incentives. Fewer approaches rely on intrinsic tax policies, including that most fundamental of income tax principles—the Schanz-Haig-Simons income concept ("H-S"). Under H-S, an income tax base should be expansive, requiring inclusion of an individual's increases in wealth and allowing reductions only for non-personal costs that reduce wealth. This Article seeks …
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2010, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2010, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
This recent developments outline discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during the year 2010--and sometimes a little farther back in time if we find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted--unless one of us decides to go nuts and spend several pages writing …
Through The Doughnut Hole: Reimagining The Social Security Contribution And Benefit Base Limit, Patricia E. Dilley
Through The Doughnut Hole: Reimagining The Social Security Contribution And Benefit Base Limit, Patricia E. Dilley
UF Law Faculty Publications
The Obama campaign proposal to address Social Security's future financing shortfalls by increasing the Social Security tax base limit only for those making more than $250,000 per year raises the broader question of the function of the base limit from a Social Security program perspective. The public supports increasing the wage base above all other possible avenues for solving long term financing issues, but the problems with the Obama "doughnut hole" proposal are substantial from several perspectives. In this article, the author suggests that the function of the base limit be reconsidered, and the benefit accrual function of the earnings …
The Sound And Fury Of Carried Interest Reform, Karen C. Burke
The Sound And Fury Of Carried Interest Reform, Karen C. Burke
UF Law Faculty Publications
Of all the proposals advanced in recent years to reform Subchapter K, the part of the Internal Revenue Code governing partnership tax, perhaps none has generated more acrimony and confusion than the pending carried interest legislation contained in proposed § 710. While reformers have framed the issue of taxing the compensatory portion of a service partner's return as ordinary income in terms of distributive justice, critics have been quick to invoke the rhetoric of class warfare to fend off reform. In the most elementary terms, the carried interest legislation would tax some (but not all) of a service partner's share …
The Discursive Failure In Comparative Tax Law, Omri Y. Marian
The Discursive Failure In Comparative Tax Law, Omri Y. Marian
UF Law Faculty Publications
Tax comparatists tend to bemoan the grim status of their chosen field. Complaints are aimed both at the scarcity of decent comparative legal tax scholarship, and at the lack of a theoretical foundation for the study of comparative tax law. The purpose of this Article is to portray a more sanguine, yet critical, view of this field. Sanguine, since a sympathetic reading of contemporary comparative tax scholarship demonstrates that there is more than enough such scholarship to generate a lively debate on comparative tax works and their methodologies. Critical, since all of these works fail to produce even the faintest …
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2009, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2009, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
This article discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during 2008 – and sometimes a little farther back in time if the authors find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted. Amendments to the Internal Revenue Code generally are discussed to the extent that …
A Framework For An Informed Study Of The Realistic Role Of Tax In A Development Agenda, Yariv Brauner
A Framework For An Informed Study Of The Realistic Role Of Tax In A Development Agenda, Yariv Brauner
UF Law Faculty Publications
This article builds on the insights of this development research to develop a new agenda for tax incentives (and equivalent tax measures), the research of their merits when used by developing countries, and their optimal design. The stated goal of these incentives is to attract foreign direct investment, and ultimately enhance economic growth and promote development. Almost all countries use such tax incentives, and business interests strongly support and even demand their use, yet, economic research in general, and the international economic organizations in particular, have been skeptical about their effectiveness." Tax incentives are not only ubiquitous, but also very …
A Field Guide To Cancellation Of Debt Income, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Daniel L. Simmons
A Field Guide To Cancellation Of Debt Income, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
The United States is awash in a sea of debt. In the midst of the most severe recession since the Great Depression, loan delinquencies and charge-offs are at levels heretofore unknown in the modern financial era. Every loan charge-off and mortgage foreclosure has tax consequences. While the creditor most often claims a bad debt deduction or business related loss, the debtor generally must recognize gross income and pay income taxes on an amount roughly equal to the creditor’s loss, unless a special exception applies to exclude the debt relief from income. This article deals with the tax consequences to the …
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2008, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2008, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
This article discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during 2008 - and sometimes a little farther back in time if the authors find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted. Amendments to the Internal Revenue Code generally are discussed to the extent that …
Cobra Strikes Back: Anatomy Of A Tax Shelter, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
Cobra Strikes Back: Anatomy Of A Tax Shelter, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
UF Law Faculty Publications
Paul Daugerdas gained notoriety for himself and his erstwhile firm, Jenkens & Gilchrist, as the designer of a tax shelter that uses contingent liabilities to generate artificial tax losses on a grand scale. The basic shelter transaction is surprisingly simple. In essence, it uses offsetting options to inflate the basis of property that is distributed by a partnership and then contributed to and sold by another partnership, resulting in a large tax loss without any corresponding economic loss. In principle, this type of shelter could be replicated indefinitely and generate unlimited tax losses. Mr. Daugerdas is by no means unique. …
Is The Corporate Tax System "Broken"?, Karen C. Burke
Is The Corporate Tax System "Broken"?, Karen C. Burke
UF Law Faculty Publications
The slated expiration of the Bush Administration's tax cuts in 2010 highlights the instability of the current 15% rate on dividends and capital gains. Meanwhile, pressure has mounted to reduce U.S. corporate tax rates to improve competitiveness in an increasingly global economy. Much of the 1986 Act reform of the corporate tax-base-broadening combined with lower rates - has unraveled, leaving the U.S. with a high statutory corporate tax rate and narrow corporate tax base. Despite renewed interest in base-broadening and loophole-closing, the goal of corporate tax reform remains elusive. Thus far, proponents of corporate tax reform have largely sidestepped the …
A Comment On Unification, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
A Comment On Unification, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
UF Law Faculty Publications
This Article discusses recent proposals aimed at unifying the law of wills and nonprobate transfers. The author notes that default rules of construction present the strongest case for unification, but contends that distinctions between wills and nonprobate transfers remain important in the areas of formalities and restrictions affecting third-party rights. The author concludes that the policy goal should be to allow wills and nonprobate transfers to operate smoothly as complementary methods of deathtime wealth transmission.
The Empty Promise Of Estate Tax Repeal, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
The Empty Promise Of Estate Tax Repeal, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
UF Law Faculty Publications
The terms of the debate over the estate tax have been framed largely by abolitionists who have propounded an antitax message that portrays the estate tax as unambiguously harmful and threatening to ordinary families and small businesses. The attack on the estate tax is linked to a larger agenda of eliminating taxes on capital and capital income and dismantling the progressive elements of the federal tax system. The slogan of estate tax repeal, while effective in mobilizing antitax sentiment, makes no sense as a matter of tax policy because it downplays revenue costs, distributional effects, administrative concerns, and consequences for …
Value In The Eye Of The Beholder: The Valuation Of Intangibles For Transfer Pricing Purposes, Yariv Brauner
Value In The Eye Of The Beholder: The Valuation Of Intangibles For Transfer Pricing Purposes, Yariv Brauner
UF Law Faculty Publications
This article assesses the desirability of our current, arms' length based, transfer pricing regime by analyzing its theoretical and practical effectiveness in application to transfers of intangibles. A detailed analysis of the practice of valuation of intangibles, which is the key component in the application of this regime, exposes its weaknesses that result in undesirable market incentives. These incentives create a strong bias in favor of large multinational enterprises, yet, even if one favored such bias, it is achieved using an uncontrollable, costly and wasteful legal mechanism. The article particularly criticizes the regime's disregard of the unique characteristics of intangibles …
Turning Slogans Into Tax Policy, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
Turning Slogans Into Tax Policy, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
UF Law Faculty Publications
The article examines the Bush Administration's tax cutting agenda, focusing on recent attempts to repeal the estate tax and to eliminate the shareholder-level income tax on corporate dividends. In each of these two seemingly disparate episodes, the Administration used dubious economic claims and populist rhetoric to promote tax cuts without considering revenue costs or distributional effects. The legislative outcomes, however, were driven largely by budget constraints and interest group politics. In conclusion, the article suggests that the Administration's tax cutting agenda is best understood in terms of politics and ideology rather than conventional tax policy.
The Non-Sense Tax: A Reply To New Corporate Income Tax Advocacy, Yariv Brauner
The Non-Sense Tax: A Reply To New Corporate Income Tax Advocacy, Yariv Brauner
UF Law Faculty Publications
This Article challenges recent attempts by influential scholars to rationalize the existence of the corporate income tax. The corporate income tax has long been considered unjustifiable on traditional tax policy grounds. The new justifications recognize this, yet argue that the tax is still desirable because it promotes other goals, such as improvement of corporate governance and restraint of undesirable corporate management power accumulation. This Article demonstrates that the existence and magnitude of these alleged benefits of the corporate income tax are doubtful. Yet, the Article argues, even if taken as correct, the recent rationalization of the corporate income tax cannot …
Risk, Return, And Objective Economic Substance, Charlene Luke
Risk, Return, And Objective Economic Substance, Charlene Luke
UF Law Faculty Publications
The economic substance doctrine is a judicial method used to assess transactions suspected of being nothing more than elaborate (and illicit) tax avoidance. Courts vary in their formulation of the doctrine. Generally, the test consists of (1) a subjective inquiry into the taxpayer's motivations for entering the suspect transaction and (2) an objective inquiry into whether the transaction accomplished anything beyond tax effects. Both inquiries frequently revolve around the profit potential of the suspect transaction. In making an objective inquiry into profit, courts focus on the profit potential exclusive of taxes - the pre-tax landscape. This Article suggests that although …
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2007, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2007, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
This recent developments outline discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most importnat judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations and promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during 2007- and sometimes a little farther back in time if we find the item particulary humourous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, houever, are so complex that they cannot be dicussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted. Admendmentsto the Internal Revenue Code generally are not dicussed except to the …
Origins And Evolution Of Section 751(B), Karen C. Burke
Origins And Evolution Of Section 751(B), Karen C. Burke
UF Law Faculty Publications
Section 751(b), reputedly one of the most widely ignored provisions of Subchapter K of the Internal Revenue Code, reserves its most daunting complexity for nonprorata current distributions of property other than cash. While partnership tax has been revolutionized by increasingly sophisticated capital-accounting rules, the 1956 regulations implementing section 751(b) have never been updated to reflect the modern concept of revaluations and section 704(c) special allocations. Recently, the Treasury Department has requested comments concerning alternative approaches that would simplify and rationalize accounting for shifts of ordinary income and capital gain among partners.
This article considers proposals to replace the imputed exchange …
Taxing Hot Asset Shifts, Karen C. Burke
Taxing Hot Asset Shifts, Karen C. Burke
UF Law Faculty Publications
The Article comments on I.R.S. Notice 2006-14 which proposes to simplify and rationalize the collapsible partnership rules of section 751(b). It concludes that the proposed hot asset sale approach represents much needed improvement of section 751(b) but suggests that the Treasury should also consider more fundamental reform that would treat a nonprorata current distribution as a partial liquidation. The Article also explores the relationship between sections 734(b) and 751(b), focusing on the 1954 ALI proposals and Professor Andrews' more recent proposals concerning hot asset distributions and mandatory basis adjustments. The Article is an outgrowth of the author's work as a …
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2006, Ira B. Shepard, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr.
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2006, Ira B. Shepard, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr.
UF Law Faculty Publications
This recent developments outline discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during 2006 - and sometimes a little farther back in time if we find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted. Amendments to the Internal Revenue Code generally are not discussed except to …
Lipstick, Light Beer, And Backloaded Savings Accounts, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
Lipstick, Light Beer, And Backloaded Savings Accounts, Karen C. Burke, Grayson M.P. Mccouch
UF Law Faculty Publications
The article addresses current proposals for expanding tax-preferred individual savings accounts and their implications for retirement security and tax policy. The authors argue that the yield-exempt approach embraced by the Bush Administration in its proposals is likely to generate enormous long-term revenue losses, exacerbate inequalities in income and wealth, and erode broad-based coverage under employer-sponsored retirement plans. In addition to these fiscal and distributional concerns, they conclude that the proposals pose a serious obstacle to fundamental tax reform.
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2005, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2005, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard
UF Law Faculty Publications
This recent developments outline discusses, and provides context to understand, the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during 2005 - and sometimes a little farther back in time if we find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted. Amendments to the Internal Revenue Code generally are not discussed except to …
Repairing Inside Basis Adjustments, Karen C. Burke
Repairing Inside Basis Adjustments, Karen C. Burke
UF Law Faculty Publications
Optional basis adjustments under Subchapter K have come under increased scrutiny as a result of tax shelter abuses involving partnerships. Recent legislation requires mandatory adjustments under sections 734(b) and 743(b) upon certain distributions of partnership property and transfers of partnership interests. These amendments were targeted at situations in which the failure to make such adjustments potentially gave rise to duplication of losses. While preventing loss duplication may be particularly urgent, these anti-tax-shelter measures represent a retreat from broader proposals calling for mandatory section 734(b) adjustments for both current and liquidating distributions.
In a recent article, Professor Abrams criticizes the common …