Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- New York (22)
- Land use (19)
- NYLJ (16)
- Article xiv (11)
- Constitutional protection of the wilderness (11)
-
- Forever wild (11)
- Wilderness (11)
- Zoning (10)
- State and Local Government Law (9)
- Environmental Law (7)
- Smart growth (7)
- Land Use Planning (5)
- Torts (5)
- Climate change (4)
- Environment (4)
- Greenhouse gases (3)
- New York City (3)
- Constitutional Law (2)
- Corrections (2)
- Energy (2)
- Fracking (2)
- Housing (2)
- Hydrofracking (2)
- Juveniles (2)
- Local (2)
- Local land use law (2)
- Natural resources (2)
- Pollution (2)
- Reform (2)
- Water Law (2)
- Publication Year
Articles 31 - 60 of 77
Full-Text Articles in Law
Interpreting Article Xiv Of The New York Constitution: The Legal Measures That Mandate Sustainable Economic Development And Maintenance Of Forever-Wild Forest In The Adirondacks, Chih-Yao Sun
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Student Publications
The Forever Wild clause enacted by the legislature aimed at protecting drinking water and commerce. The language of the Forever Wild clause has offered a strong and perpetual protection that serves the purpose of people of New York State. Any amendments will only weaken the article. To support the position that the Forever Wild clause should remain as is, the paper examines the long-ignored economic value provided by the Adirondacks Forest Preserve. The paper also proposes plausible sustainable developments and illustrates why state government has the duty to promote economic well-being in local communities.
History Of New York State’S “Forever Wild” Forest Preserve And The Agencies Charged With Carrying Out Article Xiv’S Mandate, Jessica B. Silver
History Of New York State’S “Forever Wild” Forest Preserve And The Agencies Charged With Carrying Out Article Xiv’S Mandate, Jessica B. Silver
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Student Publications
Article XIV is probably the most controversial provision of the New York State Constitution adopted in 1894. The provision declares that State-owned land in the Adirondack and Catskill State Parks shall remain “forever wild.” Yet, implementation of this mandate by the State has varied since its inception; actions are dependent on the views and policies of regulating agency. The paper traces the history of Article XIV through judicial interpretation, Attorney General’s opinions, and implementation activities by the agency charged with its enforcement. The purpose of this paper is to prepare the policy-makers who will have a voice at the next …
Article Xiv, Agriculture, And Keeping New York’S Wilderness Wild, Hilary Atkin
Article Xiv, Agriculture, And Keeping New York’S Wilderness Wild, Hilary Atkin
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Student Publications
When the constitutional convention question is put on the ballot in 2017 as required by Article XIX, Section two of the New York State Constitution, the voters of New York will again choose whether to have a convention to revise or replace their Constitution. There are many issues related to the Forest Preserves of New York State that may lead delegates to consider whether Article XIV, Section one’s “forever wild” provision should be amended or eliminated. With the increasing popularity of the local farming movement in and around the Adirondack and Catskill Parks, delegates could consider amendments that clarify the …
Legislative History And Current Bills Related To The Constitution Convention, Michael Friese
Legislative History And Current Bills Related To The Constitution Convention, Michael Friese
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Student Publications
The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical look at the legislative history of Article VII (now Article XIV). Specifically, it will discuss the events leading up to the 1894 Constitutional Convention (the convention was Article XIV and the “Forever Wild Provision” was adopted); the events and legislative acts between the 1894 and 1915 constitutional conventions; the 1915 Constitutional Convention; the events and legislative acts between 1915 and 1938; and the 1938 Constitutional Convention. The paper will also address the delegate election process, as well as proposed reforms to the process. It is the intention of this paper …
Historic Preservation And The Wilderness, Seth Kagan
Historic Preservation And The Wilderness, Seth Kagan
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Student Publications
The language of Article XIV of the New York State Constitution has been the focus of a contentious debate over the years: What can be done with the lands within the Forest Preserve without violating the provision to keep the lands “forever wild”? In particular, how does Article XIV treat preservation of historic sites and archaeological resources within the Forest Preserves? The paper discusses competing interests between the “forever wild” provision and that of historic preservation through examination of the legislative history, administrative and judicial action. The paper also contemplates a constitutional convention for the purposes of amending Article XIV …
States Of Resistance: The Real Id Act And The Limits Of Federal Deputization Of State Agencies In The Regulation Of Non-Citizens, Shirley Lin
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The goal of this Article is to discuss the justiciability of issues arising under immigration federalism by examining the constitutionality of the REAL ID Act. Part I discusses states' authority over non-citizens and the history of "immigration federalism" jurisprudence. Part II explores key provisions of the REAL ID Act, the WHTI, and similar attempts by the federal government to deputize states to engage in citizenship-policing and immigration enforcement. It describes the acute social and economic segregation that the denial of driver's licenses to non-citizens engenders, and examines a number of theories that attempt to capture the impact of the current …
Rebuilding Yonkers: How Open Government Laws Are Helping Level The Playing Field In The City Of Hills, Debra S. Cohen
Rebuilding Yonkers: How Open Government Laws Are Helping Level The Playing Field In The City Of Hills, Debra S. Cohen
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article will explore some examples of how people in Yonkers have used FOIL and the Open Meetings Law as effective tools to level the playing field in the"city of hills" and, in doing so, help the city move in a more positive direction.
Foreword: Energy And The Environment: Empowering Consumers, Katrina Fischer Kuh
Foreword: Energy And The Environment: Empowering Consumers, Katrina Fischer Kuh
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The conference Energy and the Environment: Empowering Consumers brought together legal scholars, attorneys, scientists, philosophers, journalists, sociologists, elected representatives, and agency experts. This symposium issue of the Hofstra Law Review presents a selection of papers from conference participants that, together, illustrate some of the opportunities, challenges, and diverse questions that arise in the effort to deploy energy and environmental law and policy to embrace individual consumers and combat climate change.
Energy Policy, Intellectual Property, And Technology Transfer To Address Climate Change, Elizabeth Burleson
Energy Policy, Intellectual Property, And Technology Transfer To Address Climate Change, Elizabeth Burleson
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
"Forever Wild": New York's Constitutional Mandates To Enhance The Forest Preserve, Nicholas A. Robinson
"Forever Wild": New York's Constitutional Mandates To Enhance The Forest Preserve, Nicholas A. Robinson
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Professor Robinson explores some of the evident, and also some of the less apparent legal implications that can be drawn from recognizing the implicit “land ethic” that resides within the “forever wild” conception of the Forest Preserve in New York’s Constitution. It is his thesis that the executive branch of State government, our Governors and most of our other State and local authorities, have observed the mandates of Article XIV most shallowly. They have ignored their stewardship duties to promote “forever wild forest lands.” Civic groups, and courts should not only concern themselves with the task of keeping government from …
Regulating Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems, Alexandra Dapolito Dunn
Regulating Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems, Alexandra Dapolito Dunn
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Court Prods Municipality: Other States Offer Large Number Of Models To Consider, John R. Nolon, Jessica A. Bacher
Court Prods Municipality: Other States Offer Large Number Of Models To Consider, John R. Nolon, Jessica A. Bacher
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The state legislature’s decision to leave the creation of affordable housing to New York’s local governments has resulted in a segmented, slowly evolving, and insufficient resolution to a statewide problem. For example, the Orange County Supreme Court, in Land Master v. Montgomery, struck down a zoning law that eliminated all as-of-right multifamily development, in a municipality where affordable housing was in urgent need. This article reviews comprehensive initiatives from other states, and suggests that through the adoption of a state legislation and planning, the affordable housing problem is rectifiable
Champions Of Change: Reinventing Democracy Through Land Law Reform, John R. Nolon
Champions Of Change: Reinventing Democracy Through Land Law Reform, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Article explores the prospects of achieving policy coherence in the field of land use regulation. It explains how, as municipal governments react to pressures and crises at the local level, they discover and adopt new strategies in a constant process of experimentation. Through a properly constructed legal framework, critical information can be relayed from local to higher levels of government, state and federal legislators and judges can respond, and a "system" of law can evolve. Using theories developed in the fields of systems analysis and diffusion of innovations, the Article describes the process by which local communities perceive land …
Local Authority: Communities Have Means Of Influencing Land Use, John R. Nolon
Local Authority: Communities Have Means Of Influencing Land Use, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This case analysis examines several court decisions, including the results of three New York Court of Appeals cases where litigants challenged the constitutionality of municipal land use decisions. In each case, the court afforded the municipality deference and found that their objectives were rationally related to the decisions, mostly decisions to deny development. However, this presumption of validity given to local legislatures and quasi-judicial agencies presents a problem when land use decisions affect outside municipalities. Thankfully, through the use of training programs, municipalities are learning to work together to resolve intermunicipal land use issues.
Local Land Use: Decision Expands Federal Government's Role, John R. Nolon
Local Land Use: Decision Expands Federal Government's Role, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pursuant to its authority under the Clean Water Act, has promulgated regulations creating the Storm Water Management Program. Contrary to the overall Clean Water Act scheme, which focuses on reducing pollution from point sources, the program has the objective of reducing non-point source water pollution. However, this program is not without controversy as heavy burdens are placed upon local governments, who themselves lack the financial resources, manpower, or technology to implement a complex federal system without federal or state assistance.
Open Meetings: Land Use Mediation And The Public's Right To Know, John R. Nolon
Open Meetings: Land Use Mediation And The Public's Right To Know, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Great uncertainty surrounds the New York Open Meetings Law (OML), a law that permits the public to attend meetings of public bodies. Obviously, the OML becomes especially crucial in the area of land use where public governmental meetings are the norm, and conflicts usually involve several interested parties. This article delves into OML issues such as, what constitutes a public meeting, and the importance of having meetings open to the public.
Golden And Its Emanations: The Surprising Origins Of Smart Growth, John R. Nolon
Golden And Its Emanations: The Surprising Origins Of Smart Growth, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article provides the background for the adoption of the Ramapo ordinance, explains its precocious inventions in some detail, and describes other dramatic local inventions emanating from the Ramapo approach to smart growth. It ends with a reflection on the Quiet Revolution, the continuing disquiet that accompanies the spectacular smart growth inventions of local governments in this country, and modest recommendations for reform. Along the way, the reader will encounter the rebirth of performance zoning, local environmental laws that protect critical environmental resources, a local abandoned property reclamation act, the use of mediation to solve border wars between localities, an …
In Praise Of Parochialism: The Advent Of Local Environmental Law, John R. Nolon
In Praise Of Parochialism: The Advent Of Local Environmental Law, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Article explains the role that local governments have assumed in protecting the environment, explores the means by which they have obtained their authority to do so, and discusses how this enhanced municipal role should influence environmental and land use policy at the federal and state level. Part II reviews federal efforts to control nonpoint source pollution, and identifies the constraints on federal action. Among these constraints is the national understanding that the power to control the private use of land is a state prerogative, one that has been delegated, in most states, to local governments. Part III describes how …
Introduction: Considering The Trend Toward Local Environmental Law, John R. Nolon
Introduction: Considering The Trend Toward Local Environmental Law, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
In this symposium issue of the Pace Environmental Law Review we take a close look at the advent of local environmental law. With the editors of the Review and a number of distinguished scholars and practitioners, we define what this new field is and consider what it means for public policy and the practice of law. The intent of this issue is to invite lawyers, scholars, practitioners, legislators, regulators, students, and citizen leaders to consider this burgeoning new field: local environmental law. It is my task to introduce the reader to the field and frame the issues for its further …
Our Town: Local Governments Play Larger Role In Environmental Policy, John R. Nolon
Our Town: Local Governments Play Larger Role In Environmental Policy, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
People normally perceive environmental law to be a piecemeal of federal laws mostly concerned with terminating pollution from point sources, such as smoke stacks or water pipes. Land use law on the other hand, is normally a local undertaking, often ignoring national or even regional issues. Today’s new breed of environmental problems, such as sprawl, require that different levels of government work together to create a comprehensively planned land use strategy in order to mitigate long-term environmental degradation. Through the use of financial incentives and other tools, larger bodies of government help encourage local governments to take the necessary steps …
Local Protection: Raising A Matter Of 'Sovereign Concern', John R. Nolon
Local Protection: Raising A Matter Of 'Sovereign Concern', John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Challenges to the expansion of local initiatives aimed at local environmental protection question the powers delegated to municipal governments from the state. New York case precedent suggests that express and implied police power authority conferred from the state to municipalities is a broad concept and includes the power to protect natural resources, scenic views, and other environmental concerns. Through the use of this power, localities are better able to meet the environmental challenges they are faced with by using innovative grass-roots initiatives
Battle For The Ages: Defining Federal Power To Affect Local Land Use, John R. Nolon
Battle For The Ages: Defining Federal Power To Affect Local Land Use, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Under the 10th Amendment, the United States Constitution allows states to control land use within their jurisdiction. The federal government therefore, in its efforts to mitigate environmental damages caused by sprawl and over development, is limited to federal statutes carried about by federal agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency managed Clean Water Act. Although these federal programs are helpful at reducing pollution from point sources, they are precluded from regulating non-point sources, such as the increased storm water run-off caused by expanding development. Through federally backed programs, states could support regional land use planning that would encourage stronger environmental …
In Our Backyards: Analyzing Local Authority To Adopt Environmental Laws, John R. Nolon
In Our Backyards: Analyzing Local Authority To Adopt Environmental Laws, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
While the authority of municipalities to partake in land use decisions is a well-established concept, a question often arises concerning local legislative authority to adopt environmental laws. This article discusses some of the arguments advocating local environmental authority by highlighting the correlation between land use law and environmental law. Also discussed in this article, is the authority granted to local governments by the state legislature and court decisions to mitigate adverse environmental impacts.
Our Town: What Is The Role Of Local Government In Environmental Law?, John R. Nolon
Our Town: What Is The Role Of Local Government In Environmental Law?, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The scope of environmental law extends beyond the federal statutes most people associate with protecting the natural world. At both the state and local level, governments have broad authority to protect the environmental integrity within their jurisdiction. State legislation such as New York’s State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) affect all government actions that may have a negative environmental impact. Furthermore, local governments, using tools originally created to enhance the value and safety of property are now using this authority, and other more novel methods, to mitigate negative environmental impacts. This article gives a brief synopsis on the background of …
Smart Growth: Localism: A Theoretical Analysis, John R. Nolon
Smart Growth: Localism: A Theoretical Analysis, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article explores the concept of smart growth, which promotes development in central city districts in an effort to reduce urban sprawl. Specifically, this feature discusses how smart growth is accomplished at all levels of the government, and contrasts top-down versus bottom-up land use control. In the past, local land use initiatives have been mostly unsuccessful at solving larger regional problems. Fears exist among scholars and politicians that federal or state land use legislation will fail to meet the specific individual needs of local governments. However, through the use of state created incentives and other programs, communities in New York …
Managing Growth: Local Governments: Drawing The Boundaries, John R. Nolon
Managing Growth: Local Governments: Drawing The Boundaries, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Bounded growth, a concept that encourages focused development into compact areas such as preexisting town centers, or areas rich in public transportation, is a necessary concept within the smart growth paradigm. Bounding human growth patterns facilitates the creation of sustainable, eco-friendly land usage. In New York, where the state legislature gives local governments broad authority to perform land use functions, such as bounded growth, municipalities have the option of utilizing controlled growth by amending their comprehensive plans. This article discusses bounded growth and several other underutilized tools municipalities have at their disposal to help promote smart growth by directing development …
Preserving Open Lands: Local Zoning And Financing Authority Work Together, John R. Nolon
Preserving Open Lands: Local Zoning And Financing Authority Work Together, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
State governments vest great authority in local governments to decide how and where private development shall occur, and in the alternative, where to preserve open land. The New York state legislature recognizes the importance of protecting open lands, and as such, has created several laws to facilitate local municipal action. Several methods exist that municipal government may use to accomplish this goal and this article provides several examples. For instance, the New York Court of Appeals, in the case of Bonnie Briar Syndicate, Inc. v. Town of Mamaroneck, held that a local zoning ordinance, which rezoned a large area for …
Mediation As A Tool In Local Environmental And Land Use Controversies, John R. Nolon
Mediation As A Tool In Local Environmental And Land Use Controversies, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article dedicates itself to highlighting the benefits of alternative dispute resolution. Through the use of mediation and other flexible alternative dispute resolution methods, many conflicts can be resolved without the use of expensive and timely litigation. In turn, court workloads are relieved and cooperation is fostered among neighbors, companies, and other groups or organizations that would have otherwise resorted to litigation to solve a dispute. Negotiations that involve process experts, such as mediators and facilitators, often diffuse disputes by introducing a cooperative, rather than an adversarial attitude. Government is beginning to embrace alternative dispute resolution and legislatures are passing …
Intermunicipal Compacts; Regional Land Use Strategies Work At The Grassroots Level, John R. Nolon
Intermunicipal Compacts; Regional Land Use Strategies Work At The Grassroots Level, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Regional land use control has long been a difficult issue in New York as most localities refuse to acknowledge responsibility for problems extending beyond their own borders. New York law enables municipalities to cooperate among one another to devise improved solutions to land use, and other issues. This article studies the state history of regional land use and provides several successful examples of how grassroots regionalism can change the way municipal governments think about land use and solve problems.
Grassroots Regionalism Through Intermunicipal Land Use Compacts, John R. Nolon
Grassroots Regionalism Through Intermunicipal Land Use Compacts, John R. Nolon
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The question raised by this article is whether these statutes and this experience provide an opportunity to develop an effective regional approach fitted to the great diversity of New York's regions. It examines first the role local governments play in determining land use and then the statutes that authorize municipalities to cooperate with respect to land use planning and control. The article traces the use of this authority through two phases of evolution revealing ever more complex and potentially effective intermunicipal strategies. It ends with some thoughts as to how the state government could facilitate effective regional processes by providing …