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Articles 151 - 168 of 168
Full-Text Articles in Law
Balancing Cultural Integrity Against Individual Liberty: Civil Court Review Of Ecclesiastical Judgments, Michael G. Weisberg
Balancing Cultural Integrity Against Individual Liberty: Civil Court Review Of Ecclesiastical Judgments, Michael G. Weisberg
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Note considers the standard of deference that civil courts should apply in cases where a religious judicatory already has decided an issue which subsequently is submitted for civil court resolution. It proposes a framework designed to protect the rights of religious groups to preserve their cultural integrity while also protecting individuals' personal liberty and the interests of the secular state. The analysis is necessarily framed by the opposing demands of the First Amendment's religion clauses. The Free Exercise Clause prohibits civil courts from intruding into religious societies' internal affairs, and the Establishment Clause limits religious authority over secular issues. …
Government Regulation Of Religiously Based Social Services: The First Amendment Considerations, Carl H. Esbeck
Government Regulation Of Religiously Based Social Services: The First Amendment Considerations, Carl H. Esbeck
Faculty Publications
A daunting welter of variables confronts anyone who sets out to systematize the First Amendment's effect on the government's role in regulating social services operated by religious organizations. The task is further complicated because the regulations in question often were promulgated as a consequence of the monitoring that inevitably accompanies government spending on private-sector welfare programs. The most suitable methodology should take into account: 1) the nature of the organizations that are the object of the government's regulation or program of aid; 2) the interrelationship between government and religious organizations that results from the regulation or aid; and 3) the …
The Principle Of Religious Liberty And The Practice Of States: Seek And Ye Shall Find A Violation Of Human Rights Obligations, Scott A. Burr
The Principle Of Religious Liberty And The Practice Of States: Seek And Ye Shall Find A Violation Of Human Rights Obligations, Scott A. Burr
Penn State International Law Review
Is religious freedom a fundamental human right? This comment examines the theological and legal basis for this theory, and through a study and comparison of the laws of four nations, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Republic of India, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, determines the current status of this right. The author submits proposals for bridging the gaps between states' lip service to international law and actual compliance.
Religiously Based Premises And Laws Restrictive Of Liberty, Kent Greenawalt
Religiously Based Premises And Laws Restrictive Of Liberty, Kent Greenawalt
Faculty Scholarship
My subject concerns the connection between religious premises and political decisions that restrict people's liberty. This topic has implications for the constitutionality of laws adopted on religious grounds, and I sketch the most important of these implications at the conclusion of this article. My main focus, however, is the proper attitudes of citizens and legislators in our liberal democracy, and, in particular, whether they should rest their judgments on religious premises. In addressing this issue, I concentrate on the responsibilities of citizens and on laws restricting consenting sexual acts and abortions. My main burden is to illustrate two radically different …
Constitutional Review Of Building Codes And Zoning Ordinances Applied To Parochial Schools: City Of Sumner V. First Baptist Church, Philip R. Meade
Constitutional Review Of Building Codes And Zoning Ordinances Applied To Parochial Schools: City Of Sumner V. First Baptist Church, Philip R. Meade
Seattle University Law Review
The First Baptist Church court should not have required strict scrutiny of either the building code or the zoning ordinance applications. In reaching its decision, the court incorrectly analyzed Supreme Court decisions construing the free exercise clause, and drew mistaken parallels between the two Sumner ordinances and laws that the Supreme Court has identified as burdening religious freedom. The court should have distinguished between generally applicable laws such as Sumner's building code and zoning ordinance that, in regulating the peripheral aspects of religious conduct, incidentally make a religious practice less convenient or more expensive, and laws that effectively penalize the …
Manifest Destiny And American Indian Religious Freedom: Sequoyah, Badoni, And The Drowned Gods, Howard Stambor
Manifest Destiny And American Indian Religious Freedom: Sequoyah, Badoni, And The Drowned Gods, Howard Stambor
American Indian Law Review
No abstract provided.
American Indian Religious Freedom And Cultural Resources Management: Protecting Mother Earth's Caretakers, Dean B. Suagee
American Indian Religious Freedom And Cultural Resources Management: Protecting Mother Earth's Caretakers, Dean B. Suagee
American Indian Law Review
No abstract provided.
Stone V. Graham: A Fragile Defense Of Individual Religious Autonomy, J. David Smith Jr.
Stone V. Graham: A Fragile Defense Of Individual Religious Autonomy, J. David Smith Jr.
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Right To Religious Freedom And World Public Order: The Emerging Norm Of Nondiscrimination, Myres S. Mcdougal, Harold D. Lasswell, Lung-Chu Chen
The Right To Religious Freedom And World Public Order: The Emerging Norm Of Nondiscrimination, Myres S. Mcdougal, Harold D. Lasswell, Lung-Chu Chen
Michigan Law Review
Discrimination based upon religious beliefs and expressions forms the basis for some of the most serious deprivations of civil and political rights. The religious beliefs and expressions that are commonly the ground for discrimination include all of the traditional faiths and justifications from which norms of responsible conduct--that is, judgments about right and wrong--are derived. These beliefs may be theological in the sense that they refer to a personalized transempirical source of an unchallengeable message or metaphysical in the sense that they are grounded upon nonpersonalized transempirical conceptions; sometimes they are more empirical, based upon varying conceptions of science or …
Chief Justice Waite And The "Twin Relic": Reynolds V. United States, C. Peter Magrath
Chief Justice Waite And The "Twin Relic": Reynolds V. United States, C. Peter Magrath
Vanderbilt Law Review
In the landmark case of Reynolds v. United States, the United States Supreme Court held that a general law prohibiting polygamy did not abridge the religious freedom of members of the Mormon faith guaranteed by the first amendment. The author here explores the background of Chief Justice Waite's opinion in Reynolds v. United States: the tenets and development of the Mormon faith in the United States, the character of the Waite Court, and the sources and development of Chief Justice Waite's opinion in the case.
Let Us Pray - An Amendment To The Constitution, Charles E. Rice
Let Us Pray - An Amendment To The Constitution, Charles E. Rice
Journal Articles
The catholic, and especially the Catholic lawyer, ought to consider the school prayer matter in several aspects. One aspect is the problem of constitutionality. Another is the question of the practical benefit to be derived from the institutionalization of governmentally-sponsored religious observances. And a third is the problem of whether the long-term interest of the Church will be served by an amendment to overrule the United States Supreme Court's decisions. It will be profitable here to discuss the problems of constitutionality and practical benefit before proceeding to an inquiry as to whether the Catholic opponents of an amendment are, perhaps …
The Establishment Clause And The Ecumenical Movement, Robert C. Casad
The Establishment Clause And The Ecumenical Movement, Robert C. Casad
Michigan Law Review
In recent years the Roman Catholic Church has begun to give tentative official support to the view that eventual reconciliation with the Protestants is feasible and desirable. The acceptance of the ecumenical ideal by the Roman Catholic Church removes virtually all doubt that in the ecumenical movement organized Christianity is facing an upheaval of major importance, comparable perhaps to the Reformation. It is not likely to lose force after a few years, as so many minor religious movements do. It is definitely under way, gaining momentum year by year. It is bound to have far-reaching effects and give rise to …
The EngelCase From A Swiss Perspective, F. William O'Brien
The EngelCase From A Swiss Perspective, F. William O'Brien
Michigan Law Review
On June 25, 1962, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the State of New York, by using its public school system to encourage recitation of a prayer during classroom hours, had adopted a practice wholly inconsistent with that clause of the first amendment, applicable to the states by virtue of the fourteenth amendment, which prohibits laws respecting an establishment of religion. The opinion of the Court, written by Mr. Justice Black for himself and four other Justices, is interesting in that he rests the Court's decision exclusively upon the establishment clause. In previous decisions, the Court had …
Prayer, Public Schools And The Supreme Court, Paul G. Kauper
Prayer, Public Schools And The Supreme Court, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
A more complete understanding of the case, while doing much to temper the initial outburst of disapproval, did not by any means dispel all criticism of the decision or allay all the apprehensions aroused by it. Believing that the Supreme Court's opinion was premised on a fundamentally erroneous interpretation of the establishment clause of the first amendment, Bishop James A. Pike headed a movement to amend the Constitution so as to restore what he regarded as the true and intended meaning of its pertinent language. In the meantime, the Supreme Court has agreed to review and has heard argument on …
Released Time And Religious Liberty: A Further Reply, Paul G. Kauper
Released Time And Religious Liberty: A Further Reply, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
In his "Reply" to the writer's review of his excellent book, Mr. Pfeffer has singled out the part of the review in which the writer discussed the released-time problem and the position taken by Mr. Pfeffer with respect thereto. To prolong the arguments over this matter in the pages of this Review would he unprofitable, hut the writer feels that a few comments on Mr. Pfeffer's reply would not he out of order.
Constitutional Law-Establishment Of Religion, Due Process, And Equal Protection-Public Aid To Parochial Schools, P. F. Westbrook, Jr. S.Ed.
Constitutional Law-Establishment Of Religion, Due Process, And Equal Protection-Public Aid To Parochial Schools, P. F. Westbrook, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
It is the purpose of this comment to examine the validity of conclusions reached on the facts of the Everson case. But what was said in the majority opinion and in the two dissenting opinions in the Everson case may also forecast developments in the future. Consequently, there will be occasion to comment upon the broader implications of the decision. First, however, it will be helpful to trace the development of the case law dealing with state and federal constitutional provisions bearing on public aid to parochial schools.
Constitutional Law-Religion In The Public School
Constitutional Law-Religion In The Public School
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff sued as a taxpayer to enjoin defendant from permitting the use of school buildings by organizations of pupils based on religious affiliations and from directing the reading of excerpts from the Bible in the public schools. Plaintiff contended that in so far as the Greater New York Charter impliedly authorized the use of the Bible for such purposes, it was unconstitutional. Held, the action of the school board was proper, and injunction denied. Lewis v. Board of Education of City of New York, (N. Y. Sup. Ct. 1935) 285 N. Y. S. 164.
Religious Liberty In The American Law, Carl Zollman
Religious Liberty In The American Law, Carl Zollman
Michigan Law Review
It remains to examine the application of this principle* to particu- 1 lar offenses. Statutes have been passed against blasphemy and offenders have been prosecuted under them. This, as said in a Massachusetts case, has not been done "to prevent or restrain the formation of any opinions or the profession of any religious sentiments whatever but to restrain and punish acts which have a tendency to disturb the public peace.185 To prohibit the open, public, and explicit denial of the-popular religion of a country is a necessary measure to preserve the tranquility of a government. Of this no person in …