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Articles 31 - 60 of 251
Full-Text Articles in Law
Judicial Enforcement Of The Establishment Clause, Richard W. Garnett
Judicial Enforcement Of The Establishment Clause, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
This paper is the author’s contribution to a roundtable conference, held in October of 2008 at Notre Dame Law School, devoted to Prof. Kent Greenawalt’s book, Religion and the Constitution: Establishment and Fairness. It is suggested that Greenawalt’s admirably context-sensitive approach to church-and-state questions might lead us to think that the best course for judges is to find (somehow) some bright-line, on-off “rules” and “tests”, constructed to identify and forbid the most obvious violations of the Religion Clause’s core (whatever that is), and to give up on -- or, perhaps, “underenforce” -- the rest.
The Political (And Other) Safeguards Of Religious Freedom, Richard W. Garnett
The Political (And Other) Safeguards Of Religious Freedom, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
This essay is a contribution to a symposium marking the 20th anniversary of the Supreme Court’s still-controversial decision in Employment Division v. Smith. That decision, it is suggested, should not be read as reflecting or requiring hostility or indifference towards claims for legislatively enacted accommodations of religion. Smith is not an endorsement of religion-blind neutrality in constitutional law; instead, it assigns to politically accountable actors the difficult, but crucially important, task of accommodating those whose religious exercise would otherwise be burdened by generally applicable laws. The essay goes on to suggest several things that must be true of our law …
Assimilation, Toleration, And The State's Interest In The Development Of Religious Doctrine, Richard Garnett
Assimilation, Toleration, And The State's Interest In The Development Of Religious Doctrine, Richard Garnett
Richard W Garnett
Thirty-five years ago, in the context of a church-property dispute, Justice William Brennan observed that government interpretation of religious doctrine and judicial intervention in religious disputes are undesirable, because when civil courts undertake to resolve [doctrinal] controversies..., the hazards are ever present of inhibiting the free development of religious doctrine and of implicating secular interests in matters of purely ecclesiastical concern. This statement, at first, seems wise and fittingly cautious, even unremarkable and obvious. On examination, though, it turns out to be intriguing, elusive, and misleading. Indeed, Justice Brennan's warning presents hazards of its own, and its premises - if …
Standing, Spending, And Separation: How The No-Establishment Rule Does (And Does Not) Protect Conscience, Richard W. Garnett
Standing, Spending, And Separation: How The No-Establishment Rule Does (And Does Not) Protect Conscience, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
The First Amendment’s “Establishment Clause” is widely thought to protect “conscience.” Does it? If so, how? It is proposed in this paper that the no-establishment rule does indeed promote and protect religious liberty, and does safeguard conscience, but not (or, at least, not only) in the way most people think it does, namely, by sparing those who object from the asserted injury to their conscience caused by public funding of religious activity. The Supreme Court’s decision in Hein v. Freedom from Religion Foundation - a case in which the Justices limited taxpayer standing to bring Establishment Clause claims - reminds …
A Quiet Faith? Taxes, Politics, And The Privatization Of Religion, Richard W. Garnett
A Quiet Faith? Taxes, Politics, And The Privatization Of Religion, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
The government exempts religious associations front taxation and, in return, restricts their putatively political expression and activities. This exemption-and-restriction scheme invites government to interpret and categorize the means by which religious communities live out their vocations and engage the world. But government is neither well-suited nor to be trusted with this kind of line-drawing. What's more, this invitation is dangerous to authentically religious consciousness and associations. When government communicates and enforces its own view of the nature of religion—i.e., that it is a private matter—and of its proper place—i.e., in the private sphere, not in politics—it tempts both believers and …
Pluralism, Dialogue, And Freedom: Professor Robert Rodes And The Church-State Nexus, Richard W. Garnett
Pluralism, Dialogue, And Freedom: Professor Robert Rodes And The Church-State Nexus, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
The idea of church-state separation and the image of a wall are at the heart of nearly every citizen's and commentator's thinking about law and religion, and about faith and public life. Unfortunately, the inapt image often causes great confusion about the important idea. What should be regarded as an important feature of religious freedom under constitutionally limited government too often serves simply as a slogan, and is too often employed as a rallying cry, not for the distinctiveness and independence of religious institutions, but for the marginalization and privatization of religious faith.
How, then, should we understand church-state separation? …
Religious Liberties: The International Religious Freedom Act, Richard W. Garnett, Thomas F. Farr, T. Jeremy Gunn, William L. Saunders
Religious Liberties: The International Religious Freedom Act, Richard W. Garnett, Thomas F. Farr, T. Jeremy Gunn, William L. Saunders
Richard W Garnett
No abstract provided.
Church, State, And The Practice Of Love, Richard W. Garnett
Church, State, And The Practice Of Love, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
In his first encyclical letter, Deus caritas est, Pope Benedict XVI describes the Church as a community of love. In this letter, he explores the organized practice love by and through the Church, and the relationship between this practice, on the one hand, and the Church's commitment to the just ordering of the State and society, on the other. God is love, he writes. This paper considers the implications of this fact for the inescapably complicated nexus of church-state relations in our constitutional order.
The specific goal for this paper is to draw from Deus caritas est some insight into …
Religious Freedom, Church Autonomy, And Constitutionalism, Richard W. Garnett
Religious Freedom, Church Autonomy, And Constitutionalism, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
No abstract provided.
Do Churches Matter? Towards An Institutional Understanding Of The Religion Clauses, Richard W. Garnett
Do Churches Matter? Towards An Institutional Understanding Of The Religion Clauses, Richard W. Garnett
Richard W Garnett
In recent years, several prominent scholars have called attention to the importance and role of First Amendment institutions and there is a growing body of work informed by an appreciation for what Professor Balkin calls the infrastructure of free expression. The freedom of expression, he suggests, requires more than mere absence of government censorship or prohibition to thrive; [it] also require[s] institutions, practices and technological structures that foster and promote [it]. The intuition animating this scholarship, then, is that the freedom of expression is not only enjoyed by and through, but also depends on the existence and flourishing of, certain …
The Evangelical Debate Over Climate Change, John Copeland Nagle
The Evangelical Debate Over Climate Change, John Copeland Nagle
John Copeland Nagle
No abstract provided.
An Unconstitutional Stereotype: Catholic Schools As Pervasively Sectarian, Gerry Bradley
An Unconstitutional Stereotype: Catholic Schools As Pervasively Sectarian, Gerry Bradley
Gerard V. Bradley
No abstract provided.
Forum Juridicum: Church Autonomy In The Constitutional Order - The End Of Church And State?, Gerard V. Bradley
Forum Juridicum: Church Autonomy In The Constitutional Order - The End Of Church And State?, Gerard V. Bradley
Gerard V. Bradley
No abstract provided.
Dogmatomachy - A "Privatization" Theory Of The Religion Clause Cases, Gerard V. Bradley
Dogmatomachy - A "Privatization" Theory Of The Religion Clause Cases, Gerard V. Bradley
Gerard V. Bradley
No abstract provided.
Beguiled: Free Exercise Exemptions And The Siren Song Of Liberalism, Gerard V. Bradley
Beguiled: Free Exercise Exemptions And The Siren Song Of Liberalism, Gerard V. Bradley
Gerard V. Bradley
No abstract provided.
“The Pursuit Of Happiness” Comes Home To Roost? Same-Sex Union, The Summum Bonum, And Equality, Patrick Brennan
“The Pursuit Of Happiness” Comes Home To Roost? Same-Sex Union, The Summum Bonum, And Equality, Patrick Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
John Locke understood human happiness to amount to the removal of "uneasiness." This paper argues that,to the extent that the United States is a nation dedicated to "the pursuit of happiness" understood as the removal of "uneasiness," same-sex unions or marriages should be given legal recognition. While Locke defended a variation on traditional marriage on the grounds of progenitiveness and care for dependent offspring, his more foundational commitment to the importance of the removal of uneasiness precludes, on pain of inconsistency, limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples. This paper argues, furthermore, that conservatives and neo-conservatives who celebrate this nation's being …
Subsidiarity In The Tradition Of Catholic Social Doctrine, Patrick Brennan
Subsidiarity In The Tradition Of Catholic Social Doctrine, Patrick Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
This chapter is an invited contribution to the first English-language comparative study of subsidiarity, M. Evans and A. Zimmerman (eds.), Subsidiarity in Comparative Perspective (forthcoming Springer, 2013). The concept of subsidiarity does work in many and varied legal contexts today, but the concept originated in Catholic social doctrine. The Catholic understanding of subsidiarity (or subsidiary function) is the subject of this chapter. Subsidiarity is often described as a norm calling for the devolution of power or for performing social functions at the lowest possible level. In Catholic social doctrine, it is neither. Subsidiarity is the fixed and immovable ontological principle …
The Mighty Work Of Making Nations Happy: A Response To James Davison Hunter, Patrick Brennan
The Mighty Work Of Making Nations Happy: A Response To James Davison Hunter, Patrick Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
This article is an invited response to James Davison Hunter’s much-discussed book To Change the World: The Irony, Tragedy, and Possibility of Christianity in the Late Modern World (Oxford University Press, 2010). Hunter, a sociologist at UVA and a believing Protestant, claims that law’s capacity to contribute to social change is “mostly illusory” and that Christians, therefore, should practice “faithful presence” in the public square rather than seek to influence law directly. My response is that it is, in fact, law’s stunning ability to alter and limit available choices that makes it an object of deservedly fierce contest. The wild …
Legal Affinities: Explorations In The Legal Form Of Thought, Patrick Brennan
Legal Affinities: Explorations In The Legal Form Of Thought, Patrick Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
This is my Introduction to Legal Affinities: Explorations in the Legal Form of Thought (forthcoming 2012) (co-edited with H. Jefferson Powell and Jack Sammons), a volume of essays dedicated to exploring the work of Joseph Vining. The Introduction introduces Vining’s phenomenology of law and surveys the themes and topics developed by the volume’s eight authors: Joseph Vining, Judge John T. Noonan, Jr., Rev. John McCausland, H. Jefferson Powell, Jack Sammons, Steve Smith, James Boyd White, and Patrick Brennan.
The Mighty Work Of Making Nations Happy: A Response To James Davison Hunter, Patrick Mckinley Brennan
The Mighty Work Of Making Nations Happy: A Response To James Davison Hunter, Patrick Mckinley Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
This article is an invited response to James Davison Hunter’s much-discussed book To Change the World: The Irony, Tragedy, and Possibility of Christianity in the Late Modern World (Oxford University Press, 2010). Hunter, a sociologist at UVA and a believing Protestant, claims that law’s capacity to contribute to social change is “mostly illusory” and that Christians, therefore, should practice “faithful presence” in the public square rather than seek to influence law directly. My response is that it is, in fact, law’s stunning ability to alter and limit available choices that makes it an object of deservedly fierce contest. The wild …
The Liberty Of The Church: Source, Scope And Scandal, Patrick Brennan
The Liberty Of The Church: Source, Scope And Scandal, Patrick Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
This article was presented at a conference, and is part of a symposium, on "The Freedom of the Church in the Modern Era." The article argues that the liberty of the Church, libertas Ecclesiae, is not a mere metaphor, pace the views of some other contributions to the conference and symposium and of the mentality mostly prevailing over the last five hundred years. The argument is that the Church and her directly God-given rights are ontologically irreducible in a way that the rights of, say, the state of California or even of the United States are not. Based on a …
Resisting The Grand Coalition In Favor Of The Status Quo By Giving Full Scope To The Libertas Ecclesiae, Patrick Brennan
Resisting The Grand Coalition In Favor Of The Status Quo By Giving Full Scope To The Libertas Ecclesiae, Patrick Brennan
Patrick McKinley Brennan
This paper argues that questions about "religious freedom" must be subordinated to the fundamental principle of the liberty of the Church, libertas Ecclesiae. The First Amendment's agnosticism with respect to the liberty of the Church is not ultimately normative. Catholics and others who merely seek religious "accommodation," as with the HHS mandate, for example, are agents of a status quo that illegitimately has comfortable self-preservation as its highest value. It is Catholic doctrine that "creation was for the sake of the Church," not for the sake of, say, religious freedom. The paper argues that the contingent constitution of …
Law, Religion, And Pluralism: The Thought And Experiences Of Nathan Isaacs (1886-1941), Samuel Flaks
Law, Religion, And Pluralism: The Thought And Experiences Of Nathan Isaacs (1886-1941), Samuel Flaks
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Some Thoughts On Sanford Levinson’S “Divided Loyalties: The Problem Of 'Dual Sovereignty' And Constitutional Faith”, David Novak
Some Thoughts On Sanford Levinson’S “Divided Loyalties: The Problem Of 'Dual Sovereignty' And Constitutional Faith”, David Novak
Touro Law Review
Analyzes the two divided loyalties that Levinson faces in "Divided Loyalties: The Problem of 'Dual Sovereignty' and Constitutional Faith."
Israel's Constitutional Tragedy, Menachem Lorberbaum
Israel's Constitutional Tragedy, Menachem Lorberbaum
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Dual Sovereignty In Traditional Judaism And Liberal Democracy, William Galston
Dual Sovereignty In Traditional Judaism And Liberal Democracy, William Galston
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Navigating The Space Between Dueling Sovereigns, Miriam Galston
Navigating The Space Between Dueling Sovereigns, Miriam Galston
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Divided Loyalties: The Problem Of “Dual Sovereignty” And Constitutional Faith, Sanford Levinson
Divided Loyalties: The Problem Of “Dual Sovereignty” And Constitutional Faith, Sanford Levinson
Touro Law Review
Sanford Levinson provides the inaugural lecture of the new Jewish Law Institute at Touro Law School. He focuses on some of the ways that he finds himself constantly thinking of what might be termed "meta-issues" that arise in his joint study of, and intellectual confrontation with, Jewish law and American constitutional law.
The Disincorporation Proclamation: Emancipating The Establishment Clause From The Fourteenth Amendment, Martin Wishnatsky
The Disincorporation Proclamation: Emancipating The Establishment Clause From The Fourteenth Amendment, Martin Wishnatsky
Martin Wishnatsky
No abstract provided.
Does Political Islam Conflict With Secular Democracy? Philosophical Reflections On Religion And Politics, David Ingram
Does Political Islam Conflict With Secular Democracy? Philosophical Reflections On Religion And Politics, David Ingram
David Ingram
Abstract: This paper rebuts the thesis that political Islam conflicts with secular democracy. More precisely, it examines three sorts of claims that ostensibly support this thesis: (a) The Muslim religion is incompatible with secular democracy; (b) No Muslim country has instituted secular democracy; and (c) No movement seeking to advance its agenda as aggressively as political Islam does can do so with the degree of moderation required of a political party that is committed to secular democracy. Theologians, philosophers, and political scientists have debated (a) through (c) within the jurisdiction of their respective fields. I propose to combine these debates …