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Articles 91 - 120 of 322
Full-Text Articles in Law
Ownership And Possession, Thomas W. Merrill
Ownership And Possession, Thomas W. Merrill
Faculty Scholarship
One of the enduring mysteries about property is why the law protects both ownership and possession. In a pre-modern world, with low rates of literacy and no formal method of registering titles, one can understand why the law would protect possession. In such a world, there may be no concept of property beyond the understanding that persons should respect possessory rights established by others. It is less clear why possession should be protected once property comes to be understood as ownership. Ownership and possession will commonly overlap, and protecting ownership will protect possession. Nevertheless, even in the most sophisticated legal …
Introduction: Toward Voice And Reflexivity, Olivier De Schutter, Katharina Pistor
Introduction: Toward Voice And Reflexivity, Olivier De Schutter, Katharina Pistor
Faculty Scholarship
In their introductory chapter, De Schutter and Pistor argue that in light of increasing absolute and relative scarcity of land and fresh water there is urgent need to improve the governance of these and other essential resources. Emphasizing “essentiality” shifts the debate from allocative efficiency to normative concerns of equity and dignity. Essential resources are indispensable for survival and/or for meaningful participation in a given community. Their allocation therefore cannot be left to the pricing mechanism alone. It requires new parameters for governance. The authors propose Voice and Reflexivity as the key parameters of such a regime. Voice is …
Real Estate Documents Turn Green, Richard J. Sobelsohn
Real Estate Documents Turn Green, Richard J. Sobelsohn
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Who Should Be Providing Mortgage Credit To American Households?, David J. Reiss
Who Should Be Providing Mortgage Credit To American Households?, David J. Reiss
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Progressive Property Moving Forward, Timothy M. Mulvaney
Progressive Property Moving Forward, Timothy M. Mulvaney
Faculty Scholarship
In his thought-provoking recent article, “The Ambition and Transformative Potential of Progressive Property,” Ezra Rosser contends that, in the course of laying the foundations of a theory grounded in property’s social nature, scholars who participated in the renowned 2009 Cornell symposium on progressive property have “glossed over” property law’s continuing conquest of American Indian lands and the inheritance of privileges that stem from property-based discrimination against African Americans. I fully share Rosser’s concerns regarding past and continuing racialized acquisition and distribution, if not always his characterization of the select progressive works he critiques. Where I focus in this essay, though, …
Reforming Property Law To Address Devastating Land Loss, Thomas W. Mitchell
Reforming Property Law To Address Devastating Land Loss, Thomas W. Mitchell
Faculty Scholarship
Tenancy-in-common ownership represents the most widespread form of common ownership of real property in the United States. Such ownership under the default rules also represents the most unstable ownership of real property in this country. Thousands of tenancy-in-common property owners, including members of many poor and minority families, have lost their commonly-owned property due to court-ordered, forced partition sales as well as much of their real estate wealth associated with such ownership as a result of such sales. Though some scholars and the media have highlighted how thousands of African-Americans have lost an untold amount of property and substantial real …
Property And Democratic Deliberation: The Numerus Clausus Principle And Democratic Experimentalism In Property Law, Anna Di Robilant
Property And Democratic Deliberation: The Numerus Clausus Principle And Democratic Experimentalism In Property Law, Anna Di Robilant
Faculty Scholarship
First-year law students soon become familiar with the numerus clausus principle in property law. The principle holds that there is a limited menu of available standard property forms (the estates, the different types of common or joint ownership, the different types of servitudes) and that new forms are hardly ever introduced. Over the last fifty years, however, property law has changed dramatically. A wealth of new property forms has been added to the list. This dynamism in the list has remained largely unexplored and is the subject of this Article. This Article focuses on a selection of recently created property …
Barking Dogs: Code Enforcement Is All Barkand No Bite (Unless The Inspectors Have Assult Rifles), Marilyn Uzdavines
Barking Dogs: Code Enforcement Is All Barkand No Bite (Unless The Inspectors Have Assult Rifles), Marilyn Uzdavines
Faculty Scholarship
In Detroit, Michigan, in 2014, 1 broken windows, a roof caving in, and a yard that had not been maintained for years is the view for its residents in a blighted and unstable neighborhood. Code enforcement inspectors are nowhereto be found. The local code enforcement department lacks the resources, manpower, and strategic plan to deal with blight on a massive scale
Requiem For Regulation, Garrett Power
Requiem For Regulation, Garrett Power
Faculty Scholarship
This comment reviews U.S. Supreme Court decisions over the past 100 years which have considered the constitutional limitations on governmental powers. It finds that at the three-quarter mark of the 20th century, a remarkable set of Court precedents had swollen the regulatory powers of governments while shrinking private rights to property and contract. But since the Reagan years, a more conservative Court has undertaken to curtail governmental activity in general, and to limit federal, state, and local planning in particular. A number of 5-4 decisions expanded private property rights and contracted the scope of the federal “commerce power.” The comment …
Property And The Right To Exclude Ii, Thomas W. Merrill
Property And The Right To Exclude Ii, Thomas W. Merrill
Faculty Scholarship
In 1998 I published a short essay entitled Property and the Right to Exclude. It appeared in an issue of the Nebraska Law Review honoring Lawrence Berger, a long-time property professor at Nebraska. The essay has been rather widely cited, but I have my doubts as to whether it has been widely read. A review of citations in Westlaw suggests that the essay is commonly identified as arguing that the right to exclude is the "sine qua non" of property, a statement that appears in the opening paragraph. The typical citing author takes this to mean that …
Anti-Waste, Michael Pappas
Anti-Waste, Michael Pappas
Faculty Scholarship
It may be a bad idea to waste resources, but is it illegal? Legally speaking, what does “waste” even mean? Though the concept may appear completely subjective, this Article builds a framework for understanding how the law identifies and addresses waste.
Drawing upon property and natural resource doctrines, the Article finds that the law selects from a menu of five specific, and sometimes competing, societal values to define waste. The values are: 1) economic efficiency, 2) human flourishing, 3) concern for future generations, 4) stability and consistency, and 5) ecological concerns. The law recognizes waste in terms of one or …
Social Hierarchies And The Formation Of Customary Property Law In Pre-Industrial China And England, Taisu Zhang
Social Hierarchies And The Formation Of Customary Property Law In Pre-Industrial China And England, Taisu Zhang
Faculty Scholarship
Comparative lawyers and economists have often assumed that traditional Chinese laws and customs reinforced the economic and political dominance of elites and, therefore, were unusually “despotic” towards the poor. Such assumptions are highly questionable: Quite the opposite, one of the most striking characteristics of Qing and Republican property institutions is that they often gave significantly greater economic protection to the poorer segments of society than comparable institutions in early modern England. In particular, Chinese property customs afforded much stronger powers of redemption to landowners who had pawned their land. In both societies, land-pawning occurred far more frequently among poorer households …
The Digital Death Conundrum: How Federal And State Laws Prevent Fiduciaries From Managing Digital Property, Christina L. Kunz, Damien A. Riehl, James D. Lamm, Peter J. Rademacher
The Digital Death Conundrum: How Federal And State Laws Prevent Fiduciaries From Managing Digital Property, Christina L. Kunz, Damien A. Riehl, James D. Lamm, Peter J. Rademacher
Faculty Scholarship
This article discusses four types of fiduciaries, each of which is affected by the vast growth in and the need to manage digital property. The article begins by defining digital property and discussing why it must be managed. The article then discusses how digital property affects powers of attorney, conservatorships, probate administration, and trusts. After illustrating the problems that digital property creates for each fiduciary, the article shifts to resolving these problems. It begins by debunking purported solutions by both private and governmental entities. It concludes by offering a holistic approach to resolving the conflicts facing account holders, fiduciaries, and …
Coasean Bargaining In Consumer Bankruptcy, Edward R. Morrison
Coasean Bargaining In Consumer Bankruptcy, Edward R. Morrison
Faculty Scholarship
During my first weeks as a graduate student in economics, a professor described the Coase Theorem as “nearly a tautology:” Assume a world in which bargaining is costless. If there are gains from trade, the Theorem tells us, the parties will trade. The initial assignment of property rights will not affect the final allocation because the parties will bargain (costlessly) to an efficient outcome. “How can that be a theorem?,” I remember thinking at the time.
Mortgage Modification And Strategic Behavior: Evidence From A Legal Settlement With Countrywide, Christopher Mayer, Edward R. Morrison, Tomasz Piskorski, Arpit Gupta
Mortgage Modification And Strategic Behavior: Evidence From A Legal Settlement With Countrywide, Christopher Mayer, Edward R. Morrison, Tomasz Piskorski, Arpit Gupta
Faculty Scholarship
We investigate whether homeowners respond strategically to news of mortgage modification programs. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in modification policy induced by settlement of U.S. state government lawsuits against Countrywide Financial Corporation, which agreed to offer modifications to seriously delinquent borrowers. Using a difference-in-difference framework, we find that Countrywide's monthly delinquency rate increased more than 0.54 percentage points – ten percent relative increase – immediately after the settlement's announcement. The estimated increase in default rates is largest among borrowers least likely to default otherwise. These results suggest that strategic behavior should be an important consideration in designing mortgage modification programs.
Why Restate The Bundle? The Disintegration Of The Restatement Of Property, Thomas W. Merrill, Henry E. Smith
Why Restate The Bundle? The Disintegration Of The Restatement Of Property, Thomas W. Merrill, Henry E. Smith
Faculty Scholarship
The American Law Institute (ALI) has devoted a great deal of time and energy to restating the law of property. To date, the ALI has produced 17 volumes that bear the name First, Second, or Third Restatement of Property. There is unquestionably much that is valuable in these materials. On the whole, however, the effort has been a disappointment. Some volumes seek faithfully to restate the consensus view of the law; others are transparently devoted to law reform. The ratio of reform to restatement has increased over time, to the point where significant portions of the Third Restatement …
The Tropics Exploited: Risk Preparedness And Corporate Social Responsibility In Offshore Energy Development, Nadia B. Ahmad
The Tropics Exploited: Risk Preparedness And Corporate Social Responsibility In Offshore Energy Development, Nadia B. Ahmad
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Show Me The Note!, William K. Akina, Bradley T. Borden, David J. Reiss
Show Me The Note!, William K. Akina, Bradley T. Borden, David J. Reiss
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Green Leasing - It's Not Just About Capital Expenditures, Richard J. Sobelsohn
Green Leasing - It's Not Just About Capital Expenditures, Richard J. Sobelsohn
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Property: A Bundle Of Sticks Or A Tree?, Anna Di Robilant
Property: A Bundle Of Sticks Or A Tree?, Anna Di Robilant
Faculty Scholarship
In the United States, property debates revolve around two conceptual models of property: the ownership model, originally developed in Europe and now revisited by information theorists and classical liberal theorists of property, and the bundle of rights model, invented in the United States by Hohfeld and the Realists. This article retrieves an alternative concept of property, the tree concept of property. The tree concept of property was developed by European property scholars between 1900 and the 1950s, as part of Europe’s own “realist” moment. It envisions property as a tree: the trunk representing the owner’s right to govern the use …
Just Undercompensation: The Idiosyncratic Premium N Eminent Domain, Brian A. Lee
Just Undercompensation: The Idiosyncratic Premium N Eminent Domain, Brian A. Lee
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Foreground Principles, Timothy M. Mulvaney
Foreground Principles, Timothy M. Mulvaney
Faculty Scholarship
The U.S. Supreme Court has declared for decades that, for Takings Clause purposes, property interests are not created by the Constitution but rather are determined by “existing rules or understandings that stem from an independent source such as state law.” However, the Court has exhibited a strong normative preference for a certain type of independent source — “background principles” of the common law — over others, namely state statutory and administrative law. This Article calls this preference into question.
The Article develops a model to demonstrate the four basic categories, or quadrants, of takings decisions that extensive reliance on the …
Of Smart Phone Wars And Software Patents, Stuart Graham, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Of Smart Phone Wars And Software Patents, Stuart Graham, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Faculty Scholarship
Among the main criticisms currently confronting the US Patent and Trademark Office are concerns about software patents and what role they play in the web of litigation now proceeding in the smart phone industry. We will examine the evidence on the litigation and the treatment by the Patent Office of patents that include software elements. We present specific empirical evidence regarding the examination by the Patent Office of software patents, their validity, and their role in the smart phone wars. More broadly, this article discusses the competing values at work in the patent system and how the system has dealt …
Dirty Remics, Revisited, David J. Reiss, Bradley T. Borden
Dirty Remics, Revisited, David J. Reiss, Bradley T. Borden
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Some Pluralism About Pluralism: A Comment On Hanoch Dagan’S “Pluralism And Perfectionism In Private Law”, Jedediah Purdy
Some Pluralism About Pluralism: A Comment On Hanoch Dagan’S “Pluralism And Perfectionism In Private Law”, Jedediah Purdy
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
New Formalism In The Aftermath Of The Housing Crisis, Nestor M. Davidson
New Formalism In The Aftermath Of The Housing Crisis, Nestor M. Davidson
Faculty Scholarship
The housing crisis has left in its wake an ongoing legal crisis. After housing markets began to collapse across the country in 2007, foreclosures and housing-related bankruptcies surged significantly and have barely begun to abate more than six years later. As the legal system has confronted this aftermath, courts have increasingly accepted claims by borrowers that lenders and other entities involved in securitizing mortgages failed to follow requirements related to perfecting and transferring their security interests. These cases – which focus variously on issues such as standing, real party in interest, chains of assignment, the negotiability of mortgage notes, and …
The Emperor's New Loans: A Cautionary Tale From The Subprime Era, David J. Reiss
The Emperor's New Loans: A Cautionary Tale From The Subprime Era, David J. Reiss
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Hands Of The State: The Failure To Vacate Statute And Residential Tenants’ Rights In Arkansas, Lynn Foster
The Hands Of The State: The Failure To Vacate Statute And Residential Tenants’ Rights In Arkansas, Lynn Foster
Faculty Scholarship
Two recent independent reports have revealed that Arkansas's residential landlord-tenant law is significantly out of balance with that of other states and, moreover, is arguably unconstitutional in part. How did this come about, and why is Arkansas so different?
Statutory Foreclosures In Arkansas: The Law And Recent Developments, Lynn C. Foster
Statutory Foreclosures In Arkansas: The Law And Recent Developments, Lynn C. Foster
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Qualified Conservation Restrictions: Recollections Of And Reflections On The Origins Of Section 170(H), Theodore S. Sims
Qualified Conservation Restrictions: Recollections Of And Reflections On The Origins Of Section 170(H), Theodore S. Sims
Faculty Scholarship
It has been over thirty years since Congress added to the Internal Revenue Code section 170(h), which allows a deduction for contributions to charity of “qualified conservation restrictions,” commonly known as “conservation easements”. That provision was adopted over the objections of the Treasury, who had expressed reservations of both a conceptual and practical nature about the legislation, which the Treasury viewed as more than ordinarily vulnerable to abuse. I was invited to participate in this symposium, not because I have any expertise in working with these restrictions—I don’t—but to provide some perspective on what might have motivated the Treasury thirty-plus …