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Articles 151 - 180 of 180
Full-Text Articles in Law
Disclosure As A Strategy In The Patent Race, Scott Baker, Claudio Mezzetti
Disclosure As A Strategy In The Patent Race, Scott Baker, Claudio Mezzetti
Scholarship@WashULaw
Research firms disclose a surprisingly large amount of information to the patent office through “targeted” disclosures, that is, disclosures intended to make the patent office aware of potentially patentable information. Conventional wisdom holds that these disclosures are made for defensive purposes; the disclosing firm does not itself plan to pursue patents related to the disclosed information, so the firm discloses to create prior art that might stop rivals from patenting. But firms have an incentive to disclose even if they intend to pursue patent protection. The reason is that, by making it more difficult to patent, disclosure extends the patent …
Introduction: The Law, Technology & The Arts Symposium: The Past, Present And Future Of The Federal Circuit, Craig Allen Nard
Introduction: The Law, Technology & The Arts Symposium: The Past, Present And Future Of The Federal Circuit, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
Introduction to The Law, Technology & the Arts Symposium: The Past, Present and Future of the Federal Circuit, Cleveland, Ohio.
Patent First, Ask Questions Later: Morality And Biotechnology In Patent Law, Margo A. Bagley
Patent First, Ask Questions Later: Morality And Biotechnology In Patent Law, Margo A. Bagley
William & Mary Law Review
This Article explores the U.S. "patent first, ask questions later" approach to determining what subject matter should receive patent protection. Under this approach, the US. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO or the Agency) issues patents on "anything under the sun made by man," and to the extent a patent's subject matter is sufficiently controversial, Congress acts retrospectively in assessing whether patents should issue on such inventions. This practice has important ramifications for morally controversial biotechnology patents specifically, and for American society generally. For many years ajudicially created "moral utility" doctrine served as a type of gatekeeper of patent subject matter …
Curbing The Federal Circuit's Enthusiasm: An Argument For A Rebuttable Presumption Against Application Of The Doctrine Of Equivalents To Disclosed But Unclaimed Subject Matter, Jeffrey M. Connor
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
In Defense Of Geographic Disparity, Craig Allen Nard
In Defense Of Geographic Disparity, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
A response to Margo A. Bagley, Patently Unconstitutional: The Geographical Limitation on Prior Art in a Small World, 87 Minn. L. Rev. 679 (2003).
Toward A Cautious Approach To Obeisance: The Role Of Scholarship In Patent Law Jurisprudence, Craig Allen Nard
Toward A Cautious Approach To Obeisance: The Role Of Scholarship In Patent Law Jurisprudence, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
This article explores the role of secondary authority in patent law jurisprudence. I reviewed every Federal Circuit published opinion from 1982 (the year of the court's creation) to 2000. I discuss the results of my empirical research and explore why scholarship has a place in the Federal Circuit's patent law jurisprudence. I ultimately urge the court to be cautiously more receptive to secondary authority when deciding patent cases.
The Festo Decision And The Return Of The Supreme Court To The Bar Of Patents, John F. Duffy
The Festo Decision And The Return Of The Supreme Court To The Bar Of Patents, John F. Duffy
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Slippery Slope Of Secrecy: Why Patent Law Preempts Reverse-Engineering Clauses In Shrink-Wrap Licenses, John E. Mauk
The Slippery Slope Of Secrecy: Why Patent Law Preempts Reverse-Engineering Clauses In Shrink-Wrap Licenses, John E. Mauk
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Proactive Solution To The Inherent Dangers Of Biotechnology: Using The Invention Secrecy Act To Restrict Disclosure Of Threatening Biotechnology Patents, James W. Parrett Jr.
A Proactive Solution To The Inherent Dangers Of Biotechnology: Using The Invention Secrecy Act To Restrict Disclosure Of Threatening Biotechnology Patents, James W. Parrett Jr.
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review
No abstract provided.
Making Sense Out Of Antisense: The Enablement Requirement In Biotechnology After Enzo Biochem V. Calgene, Matthew D. Kellam
Making Sense Out Of Antisense: The Enablement Requirement In Biotechnology After Enzo Biochem V. Calgene, Matthew D. Kellam
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Process Considerations In The Age Of Markman And Mantras, Craig Allen Nard
Process Considerations In The Age Of Markman And Mantras, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
This article asserts that although notions of uniformity and certainty have always been part of patent law parlance, since the Federal Circuit's decision in Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., these noble ends have achieved mantra status. In Markman, the Federal Circuit, in the name of uniformity and certainty, characterized claim interpretation as a question of law subject to de novo review, thus positioning itself as the arbiter of claim meaning. If the Federal Circuit is unwilling to exercise greater obeisance toward district court claim interpretations, this article argues that to achieve uniformity and certainty in the context of de novo …
Rethinking Patent Law In The Administrative State, Orin S. Kerr
Rethinking Patent Law In The Administrative State, Orin S. Kerr
William & Mary Law Review
This Article challenges the Supreme Court's recent holding that administrative law doctrines should apply to the patent system. The Article contends that the dynamics ofpatent law derive not from public law regulation, but rather from the private law doctrines of contract, property, and tort. Based on this insight, the Article argues that administrative law doctrines such as Chevron and the Administrative Procedure Act should not apply within patent law, and that such doctrines in fact pose a serious threat to the proper functioning of the patent system.
Strategic Disclosure In The Patent System, Douglas Lichtman, Scott Baker, Kate Kraus
Strategic Disclosure In The Patent System, Douglas Lichtman, Scott Baker, Kate Kraus
Scholarship@WashULaw
Patent applications are evaluated in light of the prior art. What this means is that patent examiners evaluate a claimed invention by comparing it with what in a rough sense corresponds to the set of ideas and inventions already known to the public. This is done for three reasons. First, the comparison helps to ensure that patents issue only in cases where an inventor has made a non-trivial contribution to the public's store of knowledge. Second, it protects a possible reliance interest on the part of the public since, once an invention is widely known, members of the public might …
A Theory Of Claim Interpretation, Craig Allen Nard
A Theory Of Claim Interpretation, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
This article explores the proper scope of judicial power in patent law by focusing on the Federal Circuit's theories of claim interpretation. A study of the court's claim interpretation jurisprudence reveals two schools of interpretation. I characterize these approaches as (1) hypertextualism, which is the predominant interpretative theory; and (2) pragmatic textualism, which is gradually asserting itself. The hypertextualist judge has an expansive view of judicial power, characterizing claim interpretation as a question of law subject to de novo review. This highly formalistic approach stresses textual fidelity and internal textual coherence, but eschews extrinsic evidence as an interpretive tool, portraying …
Certainty, Fence Building, And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Certainty, Fence Building, And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Certainty, Fence Building, And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Certainty, Fence Building, And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
In "Certainty, Fence Building, and the Useful Arts," 74 Ind. L.J. 759-800 (1999), the author, based upon contract theory, economic theory, and an empirical survey of federal district court judges, proposes that the United States adopt a patent opposition proceeding. Whereas United States trademark law allows for the publication of and third-party opposition to the issuance of a federal trademark, American patent law, unlike European and Asian patent systems, allows for no such proceeding regarding the patentability of a claimed invention before issuance.
Beyond The Harvard Mouse: Current Patent Practice And The Necessity Of Clear Guidelines In Biotechnology Patent Law, Carrie F. Walter
Beyond The Harvard Mouse: Current Patent Practice And The Necessity Of Clear Guidelines In Biotechnology Patent Law, Carrie F. Walter
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Markman V. Westview Instruments, Inc.: Patent Construction Is Within The Exclusive Province Of The Court Under The Seventh Amendment, Sue Ann Mota
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Legitimacy And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Legitimacy And The Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
The fundamental question this Article addresses is who should be primarily responsible for making patent validity determinations: the courts5 or the Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”)?6 Which entity *517 would best serve the constitutional goal of promoting the progress of the useful arts?
Tipping The Balance: Hilton Davis And The Shape Of Equity In The Doctrine Of Equivalents, Jonathon Taylor Reavill
Tipping The Balance: Hilton Davis And The Shape Of Equity In The Doctrine Of Equivalents, Jonathon Taylor Reavill
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Graduate Students' Ownership And Attribution Rights In Intellectual Property, Sandip H. Patel
Graduate Students' Ownership And Attribution Rights In Intellectual Property, Sandip H. Patel
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Deference, Defiance, And Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Deference, Defiance, And Useful Arts, Craig Allen Nard
Faculty Publications
My objective in this Article is to demonstrate that the PTO's patentability determinations are questions of policy and, therefore, the Federal Circuit's standards of review, as applied to these determinations, are unsound. With respect to the Commissioner's statutory interpretations, I intend to demonstrate that the court's “traditional factors of statutory construction,” which are used in such a way as to avoid deferring to the PTO, result in irrational decisions, or at the very least, an alternative theory of interpretation no more convincing than that put forth by the PTO. My principle assertion, grounded in both doctrine and policy, is that …
Reverse Engineering And The Rise Of Electronic Vigilantism: Intellectual Property Implications Of "Lock-Out" Programs, Julie E. Cohen
Reverse Engineering And The Rise Of Electronic Vigilantism: Intellectual Property Implications Of "Lock-Out" Programs, Julie E. Cohen
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Over the past few years, there has been an abundance of scholarship dealing with the appropriate scope of copyright and patent protection for computer programs. This Article approaches those problems from a slightly different perspective, focusing on the discrete problem of lock-out programs. The choice of lock-out as a paradigm for exploring the interoperability question and the contours of copyright and patent protection of computer programs is informed by two considerations. First, for purposes of the interoperability inquiry, lock-out programs represent an extreme; they are discrete, self-contained modules that are highly innovative in design, yet that serve no purpose other …
Conception And The "On Sale" Bar, David W. Carstens, Craig Allen Nard
Conception And The "On Sale" Bar, David W. Carstens, Craig Allen Nard
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
An Antitrust Solution To The New Wave Of Predatory Patent Infringement Litigation, Michael Paul Chu
An Antitrust Solution To The New Wave Of Predatory Patent Infringement Litigation, Michael Paul Chu
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Nonobviousness In Patent Law: A Question Of Law Or Fact?
Nonobviousness In Patent Law: A Question Of Law Or Fact?
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
After Blonder-Tongue: Back To The Laboratory To Find A Patent Validation System Even A Court Could Trust
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Utility Requirement In Chemical Process And Chemical Intermediate Patent Claims, James K. Stewart
The Utility Requirement In Chemical Process And Chemical Intermediate Patent Claims, James K. Stewart
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Improvements On Machine After Expiration Of Original Patent
Improvements On Machine After Expiration Of Original Patent
Indiana Law Journal
Notes and Comments: Patent Law
Curb-Stone Patent Opinions, Dwight B. Cheever
Curb-Stone Patent Opinions, Dwight B. Cheever
Michigan Law Review
Having been asked almost every day for the last nine years for offhand-commonly called curb-stone-opinions on one or more of certain very elementary propositions in Patent Law, it has occurred to me that perhaps a discussion of some of these questions would be of more practical value to the readers of this magazine than a comprehensive discussion of a more elaborate subject.