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Articles 61 - 90 of 983
Full-Text Articles in Law
Penolakan Kpr Sebagai Syarat Tangguh Pembatalan Ppjb (Studi Kasus: Putusan Nomor 1138/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Sby), Alfin Permana Lutfi, Lauditta Humaira
Penolakan Kpr Sebagai Syarat Tangguh Pembatalan Ppjb (Studi Kasus: Putusan Nomor 1138/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Sby), Alfin Permana Lutfi, Lauditta Humaira
Lex Patrimonium
This thesis analyzes Decision Number 1138/Pdt.G/2020/PN. Sby regarding the problem of refusing mortgages which resulted in binding agreements in buying and selling houses. The problems to be examined are the legal provisions regarding mortgage approval as a tough condition in the house sale and purchase agreement and the enforceability of PPJB cancellation and exoneration clauses in the construction of civil law in Indonesia with regard to the case in decision number 1138/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Sby. As for the legal provisions regarding KPR approval as a tough condition for PPJB cancellation, they are not clearly regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations. The house sale …
Second-Generation Source Of Income Housing Discrimination, Armen H. Merjian
Second-Generation Source Of Income Housing Discrimination, Armen H. Merjian
Utah Law Review
This Article aims to provide courts and practitioners with the tools they need to address second-generation SOI discrimination, examining the most prevalent tactics and marshalling the relevant materials in one place. Part I of this Article provides a brief overview of SOI discrimination, demonstrating that such discrimination is rampant throughout the country, even in states and municipalities with SOI protections. Part II examines the statutes and authorities relating to the most common manifestations of second-generation SOI discrimination, namely minimum-income and minimum-credit requirements. Part III applies those authorities to voucher holders with both full and partial vouchers, demonstrating that these requirements …
Race, Ethnicity, And Fair Housing Enforcement: A Regional Analysis, Charles S. Bullock Iii, Charles M. Lamb, Eric M. Wilk
Race, Ethnicity, And Fair Housing Enforcement: A Regional Analysis, Charles S. Bullock Iii, Charles M. Lamb, Eric M. Wilk
Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law
This article systematically compares how federal, state, and local civil rights agencies in the ten standard regions of the United States enforce fair housing law complaints filed by Blacks and Latinos. Specifically, it explores the extent to which regional outcomes at all three levels of government are decided favorably where, between 1989 and 2010, a racial or ethnic violation of the Fair Housing Act of 1968 or the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 is alleged. The results reveal significant variations in outcomes between these groups across the country. Most importantly, the probability of an outcome favorable to the complainant …
Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review
Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review
Seattle University Law Review
Table of Contents
Taking The Long Road: The Excessive Fines Clause As A Tool For Protecting Washington's Unsheltered Population, Anna Ferron
Taking The Long Road: The Excessive Fines Clause As A Tool For Protecting Washington's Unsheltered Population, Anna Ferron
Washington Law Review
Over the last decade, Washington State has seen a substantial increase in its unhoused population and an increase in laws that harm this group. Many of these laws subject unhoused and unsheltered people to fines, fees, and forfeitures that are exceedingly difficult for them to afford. The ExcessiveFinesClauses in the United States and Washington Constitutions protect citizens from fines deemed constitutionally excessive and could be used to shield unsheltered people from the burden of paying unjust fines they cannot afford. In City of Seattle v. Long, the Washington State Supreme Court analyzed the ability to pay of a person who …
All Dogs Are Emotional Support Animals: The Timely Need To Reconsider The Rights Of Renters To Have Dogs Under The Fair Housing Act, Leigh Cummings
All Dogs Are Emotional Support Animals: The Timely Need To Reconsider The Rights Of Renters To Have Dogs Under The Fair Housing Act, Leigh Cummings
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
The lack of pet-friendly housing options in the United States and the current web of property-owner-imposed restrictions unfairly prevents renters and lower-income individuals and families from benefitting from dog companionship. The recent confusion and stigma around the term “emotional support animal” has led to misinterpretation of the requirements of a reasonable accommodation request under the Fair Housing Act. Interpreting “assistance animal” under the Fair Housing Act as a blanket classification that applies to all dogs would reverse this current bias. Restrictions should promote responsible pet caretaking, not limit dog ownership. Considering recent heightened protections for dogs in other areas of …
Inviting The People Into People's Court: Embracing Non-Attorney Representation In Eviction Proceedings, Gregory Zlotnick
Inviting The People Into People's Court: Embracing Non-Attorney Representation In Eviction Proceedings, Gregory Zlotnick
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
Evictions often hide in plain sight—and so does one of the most effective responses. Studies uniformly confirm that represented tenants avoid evictions, and with it associated downstream effects, at appreciably higher rates than unrepresented tenants. Tenant representation is one of the most cost-effective anti-poverty interventions available in our housing system. Lawyers should support its expansion, even if and when it a non-lawyer serves as that intervenor in eviction court.
This paper argues that the legal profession should embrace and expand existing pathways for training eligible and interested individuals, regardless of whether they are licensed attorneys, to assist tenants facing eviction. …
Rights And Remedies: Rental Housing For Low-Income Households In The United States, David Ray Papke, Mary Elise Papke
Rights And Remedies: Rental Housing For Low-Income Households In The United States, David Ray Papke, Mary Elise Papke
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
The state of rental housing for low-income households in the United States is deplorable. Unaffordable, unsanitary, and insecure, this housing violates the internationally recognized right of housing. While the United States has never formally recognized that right, the right guarantees not only a roof overhead but also affordability, habitability, and security of tenure. Policies and programs seeking to remedy the problems in rental housing might consciously address these aspects of rental housing. Policies and programs of this sort will not be enough to eliminate all problems, but they would alleviate a matter of great embarrassment, namely, the most affluent country …
Consumer Fraud, Home Financing, And The Erosion Of Trust, Linda E. Fisher
Consumer Fraud, Home Financing, And The Erosion Of Trust, Linda E. Fisher
Northwestern University Law Review
Consumer fraud is a civil violation of a remedial statute not requiring specific intent to deceive. Most consumer fraud statutes define violations as unconscionable, misleading, or deceptive practices irrespective of intent, in derogation of the principle of caveat emptor. They do not apply to business-to-business transactions. Trust plays a central role in business-to-consumer transactions. Because consumers are individuals, there is often an inherent inequality in consumer transactions. Sophisticated marketing techniques—especially target marketing that follows potential customers all over the internet—hound consumers’ online lives and manipulate purchasing decisions. The increasing monetization of almost everything exacerbates these effects. This transactionalism itself erodes …
Welcome Address, Lauren Mckenzie
Welcome Address, Lauren Mckenzie
DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Water Justice: The Ninth Circuit Examines The Fair Housing Act In The Context Of Water Services In Southwest Fair Housing Council Inc. V. Maricopa Domestic Water Improvement District, Zachary J. Thummborst
Water Justice: The Ninth Circuit Examines The Fair Housing Act In The Context Of Water Services In Southwest Fair Housing Council Inc. V. Maricopa Domestic Water Improvement District, Zachary J. Thummborst
Villanova Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
On The Fence About Immigration And Overpopulation: "Environmentalists" Challenge Dhs Policies On Nepa Basis In Whitewater Draw Natural Resource Conservation District V. Mayorkas, Maya J. Williams
Villanova Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Change We Can Believe In: The Seventh Circuit's Exposure Of Inadequate Environmental Review In Protect Our Parks V. Buttigieg, P. Nicholas Greco
Change We Can Believe In: The Seventh Circuit's Exposure Of Inadequate Environmental Review In Protect Our Parks V. Buttigieg, P. Nicholas Greco
Villanova Environmental Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Going The Extra Mile: Expanding The Promoting Affordable Housing Near Transit Act, Emily R. Casey
Going The Extra Mile: Expanding The Promoting Affordable Housing Near Transit Act, Emily R. Casey
University of Richmond Law Review
The Promoting Affordable Housing Near Transit Act (“Act”), introduced in Congress in June 2021 and signed into law six months later, proposes a goal of balancing the disproportionately-high costs of housing and transportation felt by lower-income families by combining these resources in one project: transit-oriented housing developments. Middle-income and wealthy suburbanites have ready access to cities by car, but lower-income urbanites lack access to the suburbs without a private vehicle. While the goal of the Act recognizes this disparate outcome, the Act’s failure to include expansion of mass transit into the suburbs will continue to restrict low-income minorities to urban …
Prison Housing Policies For Transgender, Non-Binary, Gender-Non-Conforming, And Intersex People: Restorative Ways To Address The Gender Binary In The United States Prison System, John G. Sims
University of Richmond Law Review
“[I]t was the end of the last quarter of 2019 where I was able to drop the lawsuit against the correctional officer who had sexually harmed me when I knew . . . that the carceral state is not the way for me to find healing . . . . I was not going to seek my transformation and restoration through this system.”
Each year, rhetoric and legislation attacking transgender, non-binary, gender non-conforming and intersex individuals seemingly grows louder. Many political institutions in the United States perpetuate and enable the oppression of these individuals, one of which is the United …
The White Supremacist Structure Ofamerican Zoning Law, Sarah J. Adams-Schoen
The White Supremacist Structure Ofamerican Zoning Law, Sarah J. Adams-Schoen
Brooklyn Law Review
This article disrupts the false narrative of white supremacism that has, for more than a century, cast American land use law as race neutral. In doing so, this article builds on an important but underdeveloped body of legal scholarship elucidating zoning law’s role in creating and perpetuating a separate and unequal dual housing system. It provides primary historical evidence and a clear narrative demonstrating that the defining feature of American zoning law—a strict residential use taxonomy that privileges neighborhoods of restrictively regulated single-family homes and burdens less restrictively regulated residential areas—emerged directly from the facially race-based and facially neutral, but …
Housing Hipsters: Adapting The Spirit Of Hipster Antitrust To Address Wealth Asymmetries Between Corporate Residential Properties And Cost-Burdened Residents, Beth Brodsky
University of the District of Columbia Law Review
Sean Gotcher, a real estate agent for 11 years, went viral on TikTok with a real estate hypothetical.1 Gotcher asked how weird society would be if a billion-dollar company collected data on what people would be willing to pay for housing by zip code and then use that information to buy under the market-rate in order to sell above the market rate.2 He wondered how weird it would be if this company bought 31 homes in a two-mile radius to sell for a profit of $1.2 million within a year.3 Zillow inspired this scenario. 4 After Gotcher’s TikTok video received …
A Theoretical Justification For Treating The Contract For Deed As A Mortgage, Matthew J. Blaney
A Theoretical Justification For Treating The Contract For Deed As A Mortgage, Matthew J. Blaney
Texas A&M Journal of Property Law
Millions of Americans finance their home using the treacherous contract for deed. Denied access to the conventional mortgage, the contract for deed often is the only alternative for Americans seeking the stability of homeownership. Historically, however, this deceptive financing device disrupted the lives of thousands of individuals by forfeiting their property and all payments made on the contract—even where only one installment was overdue. Low-income Americans and immigrant families disproportionately experience the brunt of the contract for deed. Furthermore, as Americans experience rising prices and increasing financial instability, there is reason to fear sellers—equipped with insight into lenders’ former mistakes—could …
Covid-19 And The Rise In Commercial Real Estate Bankruptcies: The Path To Reach The Goals Of Bankruptcy Code §365(D)(3), Jefferey Kirwin
Covid-19 And The Rise In Commercial Real Estate Bankruptcies: The Path To Reach The Goals Of Bankruptcy Code §365(D)(3), Jefferey Kirwin
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
This article will explore and explain the two approaches circuit courts use when § 365(d)(3) of the Bankruptcy Code is at issue and will analyze the best approach in the context of COVID-related increase in commercial tenants’ bankruptcy claims. Specifically, this article will analyze how each approach affects the parties by explaining which party is protected at the different stages, and will explain what and when a tenant must pay a landlord. This article will then describe options each party could pursue at different stages in the bankruptcy and outline how each option affects the payment to the landlord. Lastly, …
Zoning By A Thousand Cuts, Sara C. Bronin
Zoning By A Thousand Cuts, Sara C. Bronin
Pepperdine Law Review
Zoning is increasingly viewed as a constraint on the nation’s housing supply, and as zoning enters its second century, there is a strong drumbeat for reform. Across the country, reformers have targeted the elimination of single-family zoning, pointing to research showing that single-family zoning drives up development costs, degrades the environment, and homogenizes communities. While allowing more multi-family options could help address these issues, reformers should not exclusively focus on the elimination of single-family zoning. Process requirements including mandatory public hearings, and substantive requirements involving lot configuration, building size, and occupancy, among other things, play a significant role in determining …
Rescaling City Property, Amnon Lehavi
Rescaling City Property, Amnon Lehavi
Arkansas Law Review
This Article seeks to identify the growing tension between the contemporary physical and digital reality of cities across the world and the formal, often archaic, body of norms that governs city powers and duties vis-à-vis different types of persons and corporations: locals, non-local residents of the same nation-state, and foreigners. The nation-state’s continuing dominance, both in the domestic division of power across various legal systems and in the international arena, often results in a systemic mismatch.
Playing Monopoly With The Neighborhood: Impact Of Series Limited Liability Companies On Nuisance Abatement Actions And Housing Code Enforcement, Lauren Williams
Playing Monopoly With The Neighborhood: Impact Of Series Limited Liability Companies On Nuisance Abatement Actions And Housing Code Enforcement, Lauren Williams
Cleveland State Law Review
The City of Cleveland has been one of the most active cities in combating the negative effects of the 2008 financial crisis, utilizing nuisance abatement actions in combination with municipal programs aimed at assisting homeowners and renters. However, the Ohio Revised Limited Liability Company Act ("ORLLCA"), passed in 2021, may reverse the progress made in cities like Cleveland by enabling real estate investors to conceal assets in several series under the same limited liability company, resulting in rising vacancy rates and unstable communities. This will negatively impact the effectiveness of nuisance abatement actions and traditional housing code enforcement in curbing …
The Power Of State Legislatures To Invalidate Private Deed Restrictions: Is It An Unconstitutional Taking?, Ken Stahl
Pepperdine Law Review
Over the past several years, state legislatures confronting a severe housing shortage have increasingly preempted local land use regulations that restrict housing supply in an effort to facilitate more housing production. But even where state legislatures have been successful, they now confront another problem: many of the preempted land use regulations are duplicated at the neighborhood or block level through private “covenants, conditions and restrictions” (CCRs) enforced by homeowners associations (HOAs). In response, California’s legislature has begun aggressively invalidating or “overriding” these CCRs. While many states have barred HOAs from prohibiting pets, clotheslines, signs, and flags, California has moved much …
Measuring Local Policy To Advance Fair Housing And Climate Goals Through A Comprehensive Assessment Of Land Use Entitlements, Moira O'Neill, Eric Biber, Nicholas J. Marantz
Measuring Local Policy To Advance Fair Housing And Climate Goals Through A Comprehensive Assessment Of Land Use Entitlements, Moira O'Neill, Eric Biber, Nicholas J. Marantz
Pepperdine Law Review
California’s legislature has passed several laws that intervene in local land-use regulation in order to increase desperately needed housing production—particularly affordable housing production. Some of these new laws expand local reporting requirements concerning zoning and planning laws, and the application of those laws apply to proposed housing development. This emphasis on measurement requires the state to develop a housing data strategy to support both enforcement of existing law and effective policymaking in the future. Our Comprehensive Assessment of Land Use Entitlements Study (CALES) predates, but aligns with and supports, this state-led effort to improve local reporting. For the cities that …
Growth ≠ Density: Zoning Deregulation And The Enduring Problem Of Sprawl, Christopher Serkin, Kelsea Best
Growth ≠ Density: Zoning Deregulation And The Enduring Problem Of Sprawl, Christopher Serkin, Kelsea Best
Pepperdine Law Review
According to its many critics, zoning bears significant responsibility for the housing crisis in America and for promoting unsustainable development patterns. Reformers argue that zoning reduces the supply of new housing and therefore drives up prices in thriving communities. Zoning also increases carbon emissions by restricting density in the urban core and promoting carbon-intensive, land-consuming, automobile-dependent sprawl in single-family suburbs. A growing chorus calls for relaxing zoning limits in order to promote growth in the urban core as a response to the twin crises of housing costs and climate change. Relaxing zoning limits will almost certainly promote growth but may …
Expanding The Right To Counsel In Eviction Cases: Arguments For And Limitations Of "Civil Gideon" Laws In A Post-Covid 19 World, Jennifer S. Prusak
Expanding The Right To Counsel In Eviction Cases: Arguments For And Limitations Of "Civil Gideon" Laws In A Post-Covid 19 World, Jennifer S. Prusak
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development
(Excerpt)
With the cost of housing rising nationwide and incomes largely failing to keep pace with this increase, the United States is in the midst of interrelated affordable housing and eviction crises. The housing affordability metric that has long been the bedrock of American housing policy is that households should spend no more than thirty percent of their income on housing. This is no longer an attainable goal for many Americans. By 2017, forty-eight percent of renter households were “rent burdened”—they paid more than thirty percent of their income in rent. Over a quarter of American renters, or 11 million …
Patching The Patchwork: Moving The Civil Right To Counsel Forward With Key Data, Maria Roumiantseva
Patching The Patchwork: Moving The Civil Right To Counsel Forward With Key Data, Maria Roumiantseva
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development
(Excerpt)
While the pandemic has exposed many long-standing realities about the United States, the destructive everyday crisis of eviction is top of mind as moratoria have now expired and rental assistance funds dissipate with no anticipated replenishment. Therefore, though this piece addresses legal representation in civil legal proceedings more broadly, we will start with an eviction story.
It can be taken as fact that not too far from where you are reading this piece, a tenant is facing an eviction unrepresented. She cannot afford a private attorney. She is income eligible for legal aid, but the office near her home …
Homeless Residency Restrictions, Ben A. Mcjunkin
Homeless Residency Restrictions, Ben A. Mcjunkin
West Virginia Law Review
Last year, the West Virginia House of Delegates introduced a radical proposal for responding to homelessness within the state: privately enforceable residency restrictions. As introduced, the restrictions prohibited homeless individuals from sheltering themselves, from being sheltered by others, or from receiving food or care within 1,500 feet of a school or childcare center. This prohibition was to operate statewide, transforming an issue that historically has been considered hyper-local into a subject of state concern. Moreover, the proposed bill established a private right of action for enforcement, legislating around the possibility of recalcitrant municipal governments declining to abide by the residency …
Digitizing The Warranty Of Habitability, Edward W. De Barbieri, Jordan Fruchter
Digitizing The Warranty Of Habitability, Edward W. De Barbieri, Jordan Fruchter
UC Irvine Law Review
The warranty of habitability was touted fifty years ago as a gamechanger in rebalancing power between tenants and landlords. Under the warranty, a residential tenant’s duty to pay rent is conditioned on a landlord’s obligation to make repairs. Scholars who have studied the warranty of habitability have focused on its defensive use, primarily when a tenant is already in eviction proceedings. Consensus has emerged that the warranty as a defensive shield has failed to deliver meaningful benefits to tenants living in poor housing conditions.
This Article explores whether an affirmative use of the warranty, coupled with a new technology and …