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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Emerging First Amendment Law Of Managerial Prerogative, Lawrence Rosenthal
The Emerging First Amendment Law Of Managerial Prerogative, Lawrence Rosenthal
Lawrence Rosenthal
In Garcetti v. Ceballos, the Supreme Court, by the narrowest of margins, held that allegations of police perjury made in memoranda to his superiors by Richard Ceballos, a supervisory prosecutor in the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s office, were unprotected by the First Amendment because “his expressions were made pursuant to his duties. . . .” The academic reaction to this holding has been harshly negative; scholars argue that the holding will prevent the public from learning of governmental misconduct that is known only to those working within the bowels of the government itself.
This article rejects the scholarly consensus …
Performing Art: National Endowment For The Arts V. Finley, Randall P. Bezanson
Performing Art: National Endowment For The Arts V. Finley, Randall P. Bezanson
Federal Communications Law Journal
In this modified version of a chapter in his forthcoming book, ART AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH (Univ. of Illinois Press, 2008-09), Professor Bezanson begins to probe the nature of art and its relation to the first amendment free speech guarantee. The essay uses the Finley v. NEA case, and specifically its discussion of Finley's performance art, to critique the Supreme Court's very approach to the Finley case, and to view the issues from the perspective of art, artistic freedom, and the Supreme Court's role in fashioning constitutional protection for art as art, and not simply as cognitive speech.
The Terrorist Is A Star!: Regulating Media Coverage Of Publicity-Seeking Crimes, Michelle Ward Ghetti
The Terrorist Is A Star!: Regulating Media Coverage Of Publicity-Seeking Crimes, Michelle Ward Ghetti
Federal Communications Law Journal
Publicity-seeking crimes, including terrorism, almost by definition depend on the media for their effectiveness. Twenty-five years ago, when the bulk of this article was written, critics both within and outside the news industry had begun to voice an awareness, if not a concern, for the ease with which such criminals obtained publicity on both a national and international platform and it looked as if something might be done within the media establishments to thwart this manipulation of the press. Today, it is possible to look back and see that, in fact, nothing has been done and, so, individuals such as …
Antitrust Language Barriers: First Amendment Constraints On Defining An Antitrust Market By A Broadcast's Language, And Its Implications For Audiences, Competition, And Democracy, Catherine J.K. Sandoval
Antitrust Language Barriers: First Amendment Constraints On Defining An Antitrust Market By A Broadcast's Language, And Its Implications For Audiences, Competition, And Democracy, Catherine J.K. Sandoval
Federal Communications Law Journal
This Article explores whether the language of a broadcaster's program appropriately defines an antitrust market, consistent with First Amendment and antitrust principles. In its evaluation of the 2008 private equity buyout of Clear Channel Communications, the Department of Justice ("DOJ") defined the antitrust market by the language of the broadcast, as it had done for the 2003 merger of Univision and Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation. This Article uses social science research on Spanish and English-language radio and television to evaluate that decision. It argues that the distinct content and messages that characterize Spanish and English-language programming show that market definition is …
The First Amendment And The Legal Profession: Is Silence Golden?, Jan L. Jacobowitz Ms.
The First Amendment And The Legal Profession: Is Silence Golden?, Jan L. Jacobowitz Ms.
Jan L Jacobowitz
No abstract provided.
The First Amendment And The Legal Profession: Is Silence Golden?, Jan L. Jacobowitz Ms.
The First Amendment And The Legal Profession: Is Silence Golden?, Jan L. Jacobowitz Ms.
Jan L Jacobowitz
No abstract provided.
Confronting The Limits Of The First Amendment: A Proactive Approach For Media Defendants Facing Liability Abroad, Michelle A. Wyant
Confronting The Limits Of The First Amendment: A Proactive Approach For Media Defendants Facing Liability Abroad, Michelle A. Wyant
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article confronts the limits this issue imposes on the First Amendment in four parts. Part I described the potential for conflicting defamation laws and forum shopping to undermine the American media's speech protections in the context of the Internet and global publications and outlines the Article's overall method of analysis. Part II first orients these conflicting defamation laws with respect to their development from the common law. It then frames them in terms of the underlying structural and policy differences that have produced their substantive divergence. This frame provides the analytical perspective through which this Article examines the varying …
Constitutional Law—First Amendment & Freedom Of Speech—Students May Be Regarded As Closed-Circuit Recipients Of The State's Anti Drug Message: The Supreme Court Creates A New Exception To The Tinker Student Speech Standard. Morse V. Frederick, 127 S. Ct. 2618 (2007), Megan D. Hargraves
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
This note argues that the Supreme Court's decision in Morse significantly weakens students' free speech rights. Although the Court stated that students "do not shed their constitutional rights at the school house gates," its decisions, in effect, weakens Tinker's important holding that students are entitled to First Amendment protection. The note asserts that the Court's opinion broadens schools' authority to regulate student speech in ways that are contrary to fundamental First Amendment values and explicitly allows schools to engage in highly suspect viewpoint discrimination.
The note first examines some of the fundamental First Amendment values at stake in student speech …
Digitus Impudicus: The Middle Finger And The Law, Ira Robbins
Digitus Impudicus: The Middle Finger And The Law, Ira Robbins
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The middle finger is one of the most commonly used insulting gestures in the United States. The finger, which is used to convey a wide range of emotions, is visible on streets and highways, in schools, shopping malls, and sporting events, in courts and execution chambers, in advertisements and on magazine covers, and even on the hallowed floor of the United States Senate. Despite its ubiquity, however, as a number of recent cases demonstrate, those who use the middle finger in public run the risk of being stopped, arrested, prosecuted, fined, and even incarcerated under disorderly conduct or breach of …
Toward A Rfra That Works, Nicholas Nugent
Toward A Rfra That Works, Nicholas Nugent
Vanderbilt Law Review
The history of the Supreme Court's First Amendment jurisprudence regarding the proper standard of protection for the free exercise of religion is complicated. In determining how the First Amendment speaks to situations in which generally applicable health, welfare, and safety laws incidentally or accidentally burden certain individuals' religious practices, the Court has vacillated between different standards and different extremes, overruling itself several times. Early on, the Court held that, provided the government did not interfere deliberately with religion for religious reasons, an inadvertent interference with religious practice raised no Free xercise Clause problem,' "no matter how trivial the state's nonreligious …
Digitus Impudicus: The Middle Finger And The Law, Ira P. Robbins
Digitus Impudicus: The Middle Finger And The Law, Ira P. Robbins
Ira P. Robbins
Hate Speech, C. Edwin Baker
Hate Speech, C. Edwin Baker
All Faculty Scholarship
This paper describes the rationale that a full protection theory of free speech, a theory based on respect for individual autonomy, would give for protecting hate speech. The paper then notes that such a rationale will be unpersuasive to many (including this author) if the harms associated with a failure to outlaw hate speech are as great as often suggested – most dramatically, if the failure to prohibit makes a substantial contribution to the occurrence of serious racial/ethnic violence or genocide. The article then attempts to outline what empirical evidence would be needed to support this conclusion and gives reasons …
Reassessing Turner And Litigating The Must-Carry Law Beyond A Facial Challenge, R. Matthew Warner
Reassessing Turner And Litigating The Must-Carry Law Beyond A Facial Challenge, R. Matthew Warner
Federal Communications Law Journal
In recent decades, the must-carry rules have had a troubled constitutional history. After two sets of rules were struck down by the D.C. Circuit for violating the First Amendment rights of both cable programmers and operators, Congress revised the must-carry rules in the 1992 Cable Act. In 1997, the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, determined that the congressional must-carry law was facially constitutional. However, does the Turner II decision preclude further First Amendment challenges to the must-carry law? This Note argues that the answer is no and that the time is drawing near for new challenges.
The Colonel's Finest Campaign: Robert R. Mccormick And Near V. Minnesota, Eric Easton
The Colonel's Finest Campaign: Robert R. Mccormick And Near V. Minnesota, Eric Easton
All Faculty Scholarship
Today, media corporations and their professional and trade associations, along with organizations like Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and the American Civil Liberties Union, carefully monitor litigation that implicates First Amendment values and decide whether, when, and how to intervene. It was not always so. Litigation by an institutional press to avoid or create doctrinal precedent under the First Amendment really began with the appointment of Col. Robert R. McCormick to head the ANPA's Committee on Freedom of the Press in the spring of 1928 and his involvement in Near v. Minnesota beginning that fall. Because of McCormick's …
Shibboleths And Ceballos: Eroding Constitutional Rights Through Pseudocommunication, Susan Stuart
Shibboleths And Ceballos: Eroding Constitutional Rights Through Pseudocommunication, Susan Stuart
Law Faculty Publications
Recently, the Supreme Court rendered an inexplicable First Amendment decision that has far-reaching effects on the way government is held accountable to the public. In Garcetti v. Ceballos, the Court determined that a government employer can retaliate against an employee for doing his job correctly, notwithstanding the Constitution, so long as the employer targets speech that was part of the employee’s official duties. Inasmuch as government employees are often responsible for reporting government misconduct and other matters of public concern, this opinion essentially leaves the public unprotected from the unbridled discretion of government supervisors. The possible motivations for this …
Citizen Teacher: Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don't, Susan P. Stuart
Citizen Teacher: Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don't, Susan P. Stuart
Law Faculty Publications
The recent Supreme Court case of Garcetti v. Ceballos is becoming one of the most-used cases in its mere two-year history. It denies to public employees the protection of the First Amendment when speaking in their official duties. In reviewing the cases both leading up to and then relying oh Garcetti, one is struck by the inherent conflict that nowpermeates some school board-employee relationships. Whereas preceding cases attempted to reach a balance between the school board and its employees' speech rights, bad management practices now seem to trump the First Amendment. Such practices have school boards discharging teachers and …
Academic Freedom And The Post-Garcetti Blues, Sheldon Nahmod
Academic Freedom And The Post-Garcetti Blues, Sheldon Nahmod
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Where's The Harm?: Free Speech And The Regulation Of Lies, Lyrissa Lidsky
Where's The Harm?: Free Speech And The Regulation Of Lies, Lyrissa Lidsky
Faculty Publications
The United States Supreme Court has interpreted the First Amendment to accord a measure of protection to outright lies. This essay seeks to explain why. Using Holocaust denial as an example of verifiably false speech, this essay poses the question of whether such speech poses a more serious danger than First Amendment jurisprudence traditionally has acknowledged. This essay also probes the unintended consequences of governmental attempts to impose criminal punishment on lies.
Freedom Of Religion, Avihay Dorfman
Freedom Of Religion, Avihay Dorfman
Avihay Dorfman
Why it is that the principle of freedom of religion, rather than a more general principle such as liberty or liberty of conscience, figures so prominently in our lived experience and, in particular, in the constitutional commitment to the free exercise of religion? The Paper argues, negatively, that the most prominent answers offered thus far fall short; and positively, that the principle of freedom of religion arises out of a thicker understanding of the much neglected relationship between religious liberty and democracy. Indeed, a proper account of the legitimacy of the democratic process, I argue, dissolves the mystery surrounding freedom …
Opinionated Software, Meiring De Villiers
Opinionated Software, Meiring De Villiers
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
Information security is an important and urgent priority in the computer systems of corporations, governments, and private users. Malevolent software, such as computer viruses and worms, constantly threatens the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of digital information. Virus detection software announces the presence of a virus in a program by issuing a virus alert. A virus alert presents two conflicting legal issues. A virus alert, as a statement on an issue of great public concern, merits protection under the First Amendment. The reputational interest of a plaintiff disparaged by a virus alert, on the other hand, merits protection under the law …
Do Churches Matter? Towards An Institutional Understanding Of The Religion Clauses, Richard W. Garnett
Do Churches Matter? Towards An Institutional Understanding Of The Religion Clauses, Richard W. Garnett
Journal Articles
In recent years, several prominent scholars have called attention to the importance and role of First Amendment institutions and there is a growing body of work informed by an appreciation for what Professor Balkin calls the infrastructure of free expression. The freedom of expression, he suggests, requires more than mere absence of government censorship or prohibition to thrive; [it] also require[s] institutions, practices and technological structures that foster and promote [it]. The intuition animating this scholarship, then, is that the freedom of expression is not only enjoyed by and through, but also depends on the existence and flourishing of, certain …
Student Speech: The Enduring Greatness Of Tinker, Jamin B. Raskin
Student Speech: The Enduring Greatness Of Tinker, Jamin B. Raskin
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969), did for the ideal of freedom in America's public schools what Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), did for the ideal of equality. It made a core value of the Bill of Rights spring to life for young people facing unjust policies and authoritarian treatment at the hands of adult officials in local school systems. In his remarkable opinion for the majority, Justice Abe Fortas upheld thirteen-year-old Mary Beth Tinker's First Amendment right to wear a black antiwar armband to …
Captive Audience Meetings And Forced Listening: Lessons For Canada From The American Experience, Sara Slinn
Captive Audience Meetings And Forced Listening: Lessons For Canada From The American Experience, Sara Slinn
Articles & Book Chapters
Widespread adoption of mandatory representation votes and express protection of employer speech invite employer anti-union campaigns during union organizing, including employer-held captive audience meetings. Therefore, the problem of whether and how to restrict employers’ captive audience communications during union organizing is of renewed relevance in Canada. Captive meetings are a long-standing feature of American labour relations. This article considers how treatment of captive meetings evolved in the U.S., including the notion of employee choice, the “marketplace of ideas” view of expression dominating the American debate, and the central role of the contest between constitutional and statutory rights. It also considers …
Symbolic Speech: A Message From Mind To Mind, James M. Mcgoldrick Jr.
Symbolic Speech: A Message From Mind To Mind, James M. Mcgoldrick Jr.
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Defending The Public Domain—The First Amendment, The Copyright Power, And The Potential Of Golan V. Gonzales, J. Blake Pinard
Defending The Public Domain—The First Amendment, The Copyright Power, And The Potential Of Golan V. Gonzales, J. Blake Pinard
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Who Owns 'Hillary.Com'? Political Speech And The First Amendment In Cyberspace, Jacqueline D. Lipton
Who Owns 'Hillary.Com'? Political Speech And The First Amendment In Cyberspace, Jacqueline D. Lipton
Articles
In the lead-up to the next presidential election, it will be important for candidates both to maintain an online presence and to exercise control over bad faith uses of domain names and web content related to their campaigns. What are the legal implications for the domain name system? Although, for example, Senator Hillary Clinton now owns "hillaryclinton.com", the more generic "hillary.com" is registered to a software firm, Hillary Software, Inc. What about "hillary2008.com"? It is registered to someone outside the Clinton campaign and is not currently in active use. This article examines the large gaps and inconsistencies in current domain …
Avalanche Or Undue Alarm? An Empirical Study Of Subpoenas Received By The News Media, Ronnell Anderson Jones
Avalanche Or Undue Alarm? An Empirical Study Of Subpoenas Received By The News Media, Ronnell Anderson Jones
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
For more than 30 years, proponents and opponents of a federal reporter's shield law have debated the necessity of a privilege for members of the news media and have disagreed sharply about the frequency with which subpoenas are issued to the press. Most recently, in the wake of several high-profile contempt cases, proponents have pointed to a perceived "avalanche" of subpoenas, while opponents have contended that the receipt of subpoenas by reporters remains very rare. This article summarizes the results of an empirical study on the question. The study gathered data on subpoenas received by daily newspapers and network-affiliated television …
A Cross To Bear: The Need To Weigh Context In Determining The Constitutionality Of Religious Symbols On Public Land, Catherine Ansello
A Cross To Bear: The Need To Weigh Context In Determining The Constitutionality Of Religious Symbols On Public Land, Catherine Ansello
University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class
No abstract provided.
Constitutional Law And Values—Version ’08 (Not Necessarily An Upgrade), Nadine Strossen
Constitutional Law And Values—Version ’08 (Not Necessarily An Upgrade), Nadine Strossen
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers
Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers
All Faculty Scholarship
The continuing development of prediction markets is important because of their success in foretelling the future in politics, economics, and science. In this article, we identify the expressive elements inherent in prediction markets and explore how legislation such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 might harm such predictive speech. This article is the first to explore First Amendment protections for prediction markets in such depth, and in so doing, we distinguish prediction markets from other regulated areas such as gambling and securities trading. The article's examination of prediction markets also illustrates the limitations of current commercial speech …