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Articles 31 - 60 of 103
Full-Text Articles in Law
The First Amendment And Economic Regulation: Away From A General Theory Of The First Amendment, Steven H. Shiffrin
The First Amendment And Economic Regulation: Away From A General Theory Of The First Amendment, Steven H. Shiffrin
Steven H. Shiffrin
No abstract provided.
The Export Administration Act's Technical Data Regulations: Do They Violate The First Amendment?, Kenneth Kalivoda
The Export Administration Act's Technical Data Regulations: Do They Violate The First Amendment?, Kenneth Kalivoda
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
A Balanced Diet Of First Amendment Cases, Joel Gora
A Balanced Diet Of First Amendment Cases, Joel Gora
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Compelled Commercial Speech, Robert Post
Compelled Commercial Speech, Robert Post
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Solicitors' Right To Advertise: A Historical And Comparative Analysis, M. Catherine Harris
Solicitors' Right To Advertise: A Historical And Comparative Analysis, M. Catherine Harris
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Stubborn Things: An Empirical Approach To Facts, Opinions, And The First Amendment, Daniel E. Herz-Roiphe
Stubborn Things: An Empirical Approach To Facts, Opinions, And The First Amendment, Daniel E. Herz-Roiphe
Michigan Law Review First Impressions
This essay offers an empirical approach to the problem, rooted in an argument that the underlying rationale for the fact/opinion distinction in compelled speech doctrine tells us something about how this distinction should be policed. Commercial speech enjoys protection by virtue of its value to listeners, it is from the listener's vantage point, then, that courts should assess whether a compelled disclosure is fact or opinion. And if we are interested in learning how disclosures will affect listeners, we might try asking them, just as courts adjudicating trademark suits frequently use consumer surveys to determine how customers understand the meaning …
Commercial Speech, Commercial Use, And The Intellectual Property Quagmire, Jennifer E. Rothman
Commercial Speech, Commercial Use, And The Intellectual Property Quagmire, Jennifer E. Rothman
All Faculty Scholarship
The commercial speech doctrine in First Amendment jurisprudence has frequently been criticized and is recognized as a highly contested, problematic and shifting landscape. Despite the compelling critique within constitutional law scholarship more broadly, Intellectual Property (“IP”) law has not only embraced the differential treatment of commercial speech, but has done so in ways that disfavor a much broader swath of speech than traditional commercial speech doctrine allows. One of the challenges for courts, litigants, and scholars alike is that the term “commercial” is used to mean multiple things, even within the same body of IP law. In this Article, I …
How Do We Know When Speech Is Of Low Value?, Helen Norton
How Do We Know When Speech Is Of Low Value?, Helen Norton
Publications
No abstract provided.
A Disclosure-Focused Approach To Compelled Commercial Speech, Andrew C. Budzinski
A Disclosure-Focused Approach To Compelled Commercial Speech, Andrew C. Budzinski
Michigan Law Review
In 2010, the Food and Drug Administration passed a rule revising compelled disclaimers on tobacco products pursuant to the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. The rule required that tobacco warnings include something new: all tobacco products now had to bear one of nine graphic images to accompany the text. Tobacco companies filed suit contesting the constitutionality of the rule, arguing that the government violated their right to free commercial speech by compelling disclosure of the graphic content. Yet First Amendment jurisprudence lacks a doctrinally consistent standard for reviewing such compelled disclosures. Courts’ analyses typically depend on whether the …
Compelled Commercial Speech As Compelled Consent Speech, Leslie Gielow Jacobs
Compelled Commercial Speech As Compelled Consent Speech, Leslie Gielow Jacobs
McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles
No abstract provided.
The Heroic Corporation And First Amendment Romanticism: A Response To Professorsredish And Neuborne, Tamara R. Piety
The Heroic Corporation And First Amendment Romanticism: A Response To Professorsredish And Neuborne, Tamara R. Piety
Tamara R. Piety
Response to book reviews of my book "Brandishing the First Amendment" by Martin Redish and Burt Neuborne.
Commercial Speech In Crisis: Crisis Pregnancy Center Regulations And Definitions Of Commercial Speech, Kathryn E. Gilbert
Commercial Speech In Crisis: Crisis Pregnancy Center Regulations And Definitions Of Commercial Speech, Kathryn E. Gilbert
Michigan Law Review
Recent attempts to regulate Crisis Pregnancy Centers, pseudoclinics that surreptitiously aim to dissuade pregnant women from choosing abortion, have confronted the thorny problem of how to define commercial speech. The Supreme Court has offered three potential answers to this definitional quandary. This Note uses the Crisis Pregnancy Center cases to demonstrate that courts should use one of these solutions, the factor-based approach of Bolger v. Youngs Drugs Products Corp., to define commercial speech in the Crisis Pregnancy Center cases and elsewhere. In principle and in application, the Bolger factor-based approach succeeds in structuring commercial speech analysis at the margins of …
Mapping The Forms Of Expressive Association, Randall P. Bezanson, Sheila A. Bentzen, C. Michael Judd
Mapping The Forms Of Expressive Association, Randall P. Bezanson, Sheila A. Bentzen, C. Michael Judd
Pepperdine Law Review
Freedom of expressive association is a relatively new right under the First Amendment, and as a result, its key definitional aspects are continually in flux. Scholarship to- date focuses on the Supreme Court’s treatment of expressive associations, but because the Court has never truly defined what an expressive association is, the Scholarship also fails to really define the boundaries and characteristics of an expressive association. This Article begins to fill this gap in the literature and takes on the task of “mapping” the forms of expressive association. Our goal is to begin the organizing, defining, and classifying task by identifying …
The North Carolina Woman’S Right To Know Act: An Unconstitutional Infringement On A Physician’S First Amendment Right To Free Speech, Ryan Bakelaar
The North Carolina Woman’S Right To Know Act: An Unconstitutional Infringement On A Physician’S First Amendment Right To Free Speech, Ryan Bakelaar
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
The North Carolina Woman’s Right to Know Act represents the crossroads of the Supreme Court’s First Amendment, informed consent, and abortion-related jurisprudence. The Act requires physicians to perform an obstetric ultrasound, verbally convey specific information regarding ultrasonographic findings, and communicate a host of other information to patients seeking abortions. The purported goal of the Act is to ensure that physicians obtain appropriate informed consent from such patients. By compelling a physician to convey this information, the State violates the physician’s First Amendment rights. Indeed, the State may not compel an individual to convey the State’s ideological message. Further, any statute …
Do Graphic Tobacco Warnings Violate The First Amendment?, Nathan Cortez
Do Graphic Tobacco Warnings Violate The First Amendment?, Nathan Cortez
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
When Congress passed the nation’s first comprehensive tobacco bill in 2009, it replaced the familiar Surgeon General’s warnings, last updated in 1984, with nine blunter warnings. The law also directed the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ('FDA') to require color graphics to accompany the textual warnings. By law, the warnings would cover the top fifty percent of the front and back of tobacco packaging and the top twenty percent of print advertisements, bringing the United States closer to many peer countries that now require graphic warnings. Tobacco companies challenged the requirement on First Amendment grounds, arguing that the compelled disclosures …
Machine Speech, Tim Wu
Machine Speech, Tim Wu
Faculty Scholarship
Computers are making an increasing number of important decisions in our lives. They fly airplanes, navigate traffic, and even recommend books. In the process, computers reason through automated algorithms and constantly send and receive information, sometimes in ways that mimic human expression. When can such communications, called here “algorithmic outputs,” claim First Amendment protection?
Building The House On A Weak Foundation: Edenfield V. Fane And The Current State Of The Commercial Speech Doctrine, Dennis William Bishop
Building The House On A Weak Foundation: Edenfield V. Fane And The Current State Of The Commercial Speech Doctrine, Dennis William Bishop
Pepperdine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Crazy Horse Malt Liquor Case: From Tradition To Modernity And Halfway Back ( Part Iii Of South Dakota Law Review Trilogy), Frank Pommersheim
The Crazy Horse Malt Liquor Case: From Tradition To Modernity And Halfway Back ( Part Iii Of South Dakota Law Review Trilogy), Frank Pommersheim
Frank Pommersheim
No abstract provided.
Educational Media Company At Virginia Tech, Inc. V. Swecker: First Amendment Lite Waters Down Commercial Speech Protection, Justin A. Redd
Educational Media Company At Virginia Tech, Inc. V. Swecker: First Amendment Lite Waters Down Commercial Speech Protection, Justin A. Redd
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
William H. Sorrell, Attorney General Of Vermont, Et Al. V. Ims Health Inc., Et Al. - Amicus Brief In Support Of Petitioners, Kevin Outterson, David Orentlicher, Christopher T. Robertson, Frank A. Pasquale
William H. Sorrell, Attorney General Of Vermont, Et Al. V. Ims Health Inc., Et Al. - Amicus Brief In Support Of Petitioners, Kevin Outterson, David Orentlicher, Christopher T. Robertson, Frank A. Pasquale
Faculty Scholarship
On April 26, 2011, the US Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in the Vermont data mining case, Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc. Respondents claim this is the most important commercial speech case in a decade. Petitioner (the State of Vermont) argues this is the most important medical privacy case since Whalen v. Roe.
The is an amicus brief supporting Vermont, written by law professors and submitted on behalf of the New England Journal of Medicine
Can Speech By Fda-Regulated Firms Ever Be Noncommercial?, Nathan Cortez
Can Speech By Fda-Regulated Firms Ever Be Noncommercial?, Nathan Cortez
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
This Article considers whether speech by pharmaceutical, medical device, and other FDA-regulated companies can ever be noncommercial and thus subject to heightened protection under the First Amendment. Since the U.S. Supreme Court first recognized a right to commercial speech in 1976, there have been 24 published federal judicial opinions in which an FDA-regulated firm has argued that its speech was protected. Courts have categorized the speech as commercial in all but two cases, neither of which involved FDA rules or enforcement.
I examine the tests and factors courts claim they use when making this threshold distinction, then identify the various …
Citizens United And The Threat To The Regulatory State, Tamara R. Piety
Citizens United And The Threat To The Regulatory State, Tamara R. Piety
Michigan Law Review First Impressions
Although Citizens United has been roundly criticized for its potential effect on elections and its display of judicial immodesty (or "activism"), the effect of the case which may be both most profound and perhaps most pernicious is its effect on the commercial speech doctrine. This is an aspect of the case which has been largely overlooked. Most people seem to be unaware of any connection between election law and the commercial speech doctrine-except, that is, those who have been working long and hard to accomplish the change it foreshadows. They are keenly aware of its implications.
The First Amendment And Commercial Speech, C. Edwin Baker
The First Amendment And Commercial Speech, C. Edwin Baker
All Faculty Scholarship
After a quick summary of constitutional treatment of commercial speech, this essay outlines four reasons why commercial speech should be denied First Amendment protection. Working from the claim that the primary rationale for constitutional protection of speech is the mandate that government respect individual freedom or autonomy, the essay argues: 1) that the individual does not choose, but rather the market dictates the content of commercial speech; 2) that the commercial speech should be attributed to an artificial, instrumentally entity – the business enterprise – rather than the flesh and blood person whose liberty merits protection; 3) market exchanges involve …
Mixed Speech: When Speech Is Both Private And Governmental, Caroline Mala Corbin
Mixed Speech: When Speech Is Both Private And Governmental, Caroline Mala Corbin
Articles
Speech is generally considered to be either private or governmental, and this dichotomy is embedded in First Amendment jurisprudence. However, speech is often neither purely private nor purely governmental but rather a combination of the two. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court has not yet recognized mixed speech as a distinct category of speech. This Article suggests considerations for identifying mixed speech and exposes the shortcomings of the current approach of classifying all speech as either private or governmental when determining whether viewpoint restrictions pass First Amendment muster. Treating mixed speech as government speech gives short shrift to the free speech interests …
Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers
Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers
Faculty Publications
The continuing development of prediction markets is important because of their success in foretelling the future in politics, economics, and science. In this article, we identify the expressive elements inherent in prediction markets and explore how legislation such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 might harm such predictive speech. This article is the first to explore First Amendment protections for prediction markets in such depth, and in so doing, we distinguish prediction markets from other regulated areas such as gambling, commodities, and securities trading. The article’s examination of prediction markets also illustrates the limitations of current commercial …
Thoughts On Commercial Speech: A Roundtable Discussion, Ronald K.L. Collins, Steven H. Shiffrin, Erwin Chemerinsky, Kathleen M. Sullivan
Thoughts On Commercial Speech: A Roundtable Discussion, Ronald K.L. Collins, Steven H. Shiffrin, Erwin Chemerinsky, Kathleen M. Sullivan
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Adam Liptak, the legal affairs writer for The New York Times, moderates a lively discussion about commercial speech between three esteemed constitutional scholars: Professor Erwin Chemerinsky of Duke University School of Law; Professor Kathleen Sullivan of Stanford Law School; and Professor Steve Shiffrin of Cornell Law School. These scholars debate the proper definition of defining commercial speech, how the corporate identity of a speaker and the content of the speech determines the level of First Amendment protection, whether it is possible to demarcate commercial speech from political speech, and the problems of paternalism and viewpoint discrimination in this complex and …
Second Class For The Second Time: How The Commercial Speech Doctrine Stigmatizes Commercial Use Of Aggregated Public Records, Brian N. Larson, Genelle I. Belmas
Second Class For The Second Time: How The Commercial Speech Doctrine Stigmatizes Commercial Use Of Aggregated Public Records, Brian N. Larson, Genelle I. Belmas
Faculty Scholarship
This Article argues that access to aggregated electronic public records for commercial use should receive protection under the First Amendment in the same measure as the speech acts the access supports. In other words, we view commercial access to aggregated public records as an essential means to valuable speech. For many, however, the taint of the commercial speech doctrine is turning all “information flows” into commercial ones. This, in turn, is threatening the access to government records.
It Depends On What The Meaning Of "False" Is: Falsity And Misleadingness In Commercial Speech Doctrine, Rebecca Tushnet
It Depends On What The Meaning Of "False" Is: Falsity And Misleadingness In Commercial Speech Doctrine, Rebecca Tushnet
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
While scholarship regarding the Supreme Court's noncommercial speech doctrine has often focused on the level of protection for truthful, non-misleading commercial speech, scholars have paid little attention to the exclusion of false or misleading commercial speech from all First Amendment protection. Examining the underpinnings of the false and misleading speech exclusion illuminates the practical difficulties that abolishing the commercial speech doctrine would pose. Through a series of fact patterns in trademark and false advertising cases, this piece demonstrates that defining what is false or misleading is often debatable. If commercial speech were given First Amendment protection, consumer protection and First …
Lawyer Advertising And The Dignity Of The Profession, Rodney A. Smolla
Lawyer Advertising And The Dignity Of The Profession, Rodney A. Smolla
Scholarly Articles
None available.
Initial Interest Confusion: Standing At The Crossroads Of Trademark Law, Jennifer E. Rothman
Initial Interest Confusion: Standing At The Crossroads Of Trademark Law, Jennifer E. Rothman
All Faculty Scholarship
While the benchmark of trademark infringement traditionally has been a demonstration that consumers are likely to be confused by the use of a similar or identical trademark to identify the goods or services of another, a court-created doctrine called initial interest confusion allows liability for trademark infringement solely on the basis that a consumer might initially be interested, attracted, or distracted by a competitor's, or even a non-competitor's, product or service. Initial interest confusion is being used with increasing frequency, especially on the Internet, to shut down speech critical of trademark holders and their products and services, to prevent comparative …