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Articles 31 - 60 of 98
Full-Text Articles in Law
Impeachment Of Party By Prior Inconsistent Statement In Compromise Negotiations: Admissibility Under Federal Rule Of Evidence 408, Fred S. Hjelmeset
Impeachment Of Party By Prior Inconsistent Statement In Compromise Negotiations: Admissibility Under Federal Rule Of Evidence 408, Fred S. Hjelmeset
Cleveland State Law Review
This note will explore the concept of compromise and the public policy in furtherance of compromise and settlement, and then discuss whether Rule 408,in its current form, is maximizing its potential to effectively serve that public policy. The note concludes that an amendment extending Rule 408's protective reach to exclude a party's prior inconsistent statements in compromise negotiations from admission into evidence for impeachment purposes would strengthen the inducement to settle claims without erecting any new substantial obstacles in the way of the truth-finding process. The central rationale is that, if the laws permit compromise negotiations to become arenas where …
An Opinion: Federal Judges Misconstrue Rule 704 (Or Is That An Impermissible Legal Conclusion), Kathy Jo Cook
An Opinion: Federal Judges Misconstrue Rule 704 (Or Is That An Impermissible Legal Conclusion), Kathy Jo Cook
Cleveland State Law Review
This article addresses the need to formulate a uniform and predictable approach to the admissibility of expert opinion testimony which relates the law to the facts. First, it briefly discusses the history of expert opinion testimony. Second, it discusses, through a case analysis, the difficult, if not impossible task that courts have assumed in attempting to differentiate between two types of expert opinions: (1) those which are, by their nature, factual; and (2) those which require some level of legal analysis-directly relating the law to the facts of the case. Finally, this article suggests an alternative approach which is arguably …
Employee Dishonesty And The After-Acquired Evidence Doctrine: Why Honesty Is The Best Policy, Georgia Stanaitis
Employee Dishonesty And The After-Acquired Evidence Doctrine: Why Honesty Is The Best Policy, Georgia Stanaitis
Cleveland State Law Review
The Eleventh Circuit has stated that application of the after-acquired evidence doctrine as a complete defense is too rigid and that it produces harsh, inequitable results. At the same time, the Eleventh Circuit has voted to rehear the case setting forth this view. Until the rehearing, the Eleventh Circuit's principles are sound.13 Specifically, the Eleventh Circuit has criticized Summers as being antithetical to the principal purposes of Title VII which are to achieve equality of employment opportunity and make whole, so far as is possible, the individual or class affected by the discrimination. The Eleventh Circuit and arbitral forums, such …
Chicken Little's Revenge: Strict Judicial Scrutiny Of Scientific Evidence, Scott Charles Walker
Chicken Little's Revenge: Strict Judicial Scrutiny Of Scientific Evidence, Scott Charles Walker
Cleveland State Law Review
This note focuses on the current controversy over admissibility standards for novel scientific testimony. It will trace the development of legal standards for expert witness admissibility from the common law through the adoption of the Federal Rules of Evidence and to the current trend of strict judicial scrutiny. In addition, this note will analyze the issues before the United States Supreme Court in Daubert and will argue, in spite of indications to the contrary, that the Court should not be too quick to continue tightening the judicial noose on scientific experts. Finally, this note will dispute the utility of amending …
When Defendant Becomes The Victim: A Child's Recantation As Newly Discovered Evidence, Christopher J. Sinnott
When Defendant Becomes The Victim: A Child's Recantation As Newly Discovered Evidence, Christopher J. Sinnott
Cleveland State Law Review
This note will explore the standards for granting new trials within the child recantation setting. It will argue that insistence on respecting the evidentiary statements of children is contrary to common sense and current research. As a result, the standards for new trial ought to be rethought. Part II will analyze the two prevalent standards used by courts to weigh the merit of a new trial motion and will show why both standards present a nearly insurmountable hurdle for a movant to satisfy. Part III will explore the special issues that confront a court each time a young "victim" testifies. …
Genetically Altered Admissibility: Legislative Notice Of Dna Typing, Jayne L. Jakubaitis
Genetically Altered Admissibility: Legislative Notice Of Dna Typing, Jayne L. Jakubaitis
Cleveland State Law Review
This note examines the conflict over acceptance of DNA evidence. Part I discusses the process of DNA typing as a form of scientific evidence and the courts' responses to this novel technique. Part II examines the legislative responses to DNA typing. Part III explores the potential impact of the admissibility statutes both on the courts and on the accused. Finally, Part IV suggests areas of legislative regulation which may aid in resolving the current difficulties of DNA typing.
Genetically Altered Admissibility: Legislative Notice Of Dna Typing, Jayne L. Jakubaitis
Genetically Altered Admissibility: Legislative Notice Of Dna Typing, Jayne L. Jakubaitis
Cleveland State Law Review
This note examines the conflict over acceptance of DNA evidence. Part I discusses the process of DNA typing as a form of scientific evidence and the courts' responses to this novel technique. Part II examines the legislative responses to DNA typing. Part III explores the potential impact of the admissibility statutes both on the courts and on the accused. Finally, Part IV suggests areas of legislative regulation which may aid in resolving the current difficulties of DNA typing.
Hypnotically Refreshed Testimony: Is It Legally Relevant To A Criminal Proceeding In Ohio, Thomas H. Allison
Hypnotically Refreshed Testimony: Is It Legally Relevant To A Criminal Proceeding In Ohio, Thomas H. Allison
Cleveland State Law Review
In the past twenty years a growing number of courts, both state and federal, have addressed the problem of the admissibility in a criminal trial of testimony by a witness whose memory has been "refreshed" by the use of pre-trial hypnosis. Some courts are of the opinion that hypnosis is nothing more than a memory aid, to be treated like any other device to refresh recollection. Other courts believe hypnosis is more of a "science," and as such should be treated consistently with the rules for the admission of other scientific evidence. While the reliability of using hypnosis to refresh …
The Availability Of The Attorney-Client And Work-Product Privileges In Shareholder Litigation, Donald B. Lewis
The Availability Of The Attorney-Client And Work-Product Privileges In Shareholder Litigation, Donald B. Lewis
Cleveland State Law Review
In Garner v. Wolfinbarger, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit broke important ground in the law of the attorney-client privilege. The court held that in securities litigation in which the officers and directors of a corporation are charged with having acted inimically to shareholder interests, a plaintiff is entitled to show "good cause" why the privilege should not be invoked by the corporation to preclude discovery of relevant evidence. This decision has been applauded and followed by most federal courts. At the same time, the efficacy of such principles has been substantially undercut by unwarranted glosses …
Robbins, Belton And Ross: Reconsideration Of Bright Line Rules For Warrantless Container Searches, Christopher J. St. John
Robbins, Belton And Ross: Reconsideration Of Bright Line Rules For Warrantless Container Searches, Christopher J. St. John
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note analyzes the development of these warrantless container search and seizure exceptions to furnish a comprehensive review of their justifications. The major focus is on the underlying rationale of Belton and Ross and the possible ramifications of such far-reaching warrant exceptions. The Note recommends that state courts interpret their state constitutions to allow the less drastic alternative of warrantless seizures of certain containers rather than warrantless searches as permitted by Belton and Ross under the federal Constitution. In addition, an analytic methodology for isolating interrelated yet distinct search and seizure questions is proposed. Initially, a general background of fourth …
A Practical Approach To The Use Of Expert Testimony, Irving Younger
A Practical Approach To The Use Of Expert Testimony, Irving Younger
Cleveland State Law Review
I will raise the questions that a lawyer is likely to put to himself when preparing a case involving expert witnesses, followed by an explanation of how to deal with the expert witness in court. After raising particular issues, I will sketch out the answer that you will find, and since we need to look at some particular jurisdiction, I will pay attention to the federal jurisdiction and the twenty or so states that have enacted the Federal Rules of Evidence. Then, by way of contrast, I will refer to some New York cases, simply because first, I know them …
Privileged Communications Between Counsel And The Corporate Client, Robert G. Markey, Craig S. Bonnell
Privileged Communications Between Counsel And The Corporate Client, Robert G. Markey, Craig S. Bonnell
Cleveland State Law Review
At present inconsistent lower federal appellate court decisions governing the use of the attorney-client privilege and work-product doctrine apply to the discovery of communications between counsel and the corporate client. Because of the distinctions that have developed in the application of the corporate attorney-client privilege and work-product doctrine due to the unique factual settings in which the issues have arisen, prior case law may not be totally preempted by the Supreme Court decision in Upjohn. This article will explore some of these divergent opinions to determine the probable effect that the Court's decision in Upjohn will have upon communications between …
Privileged Communications Between Counsel And The Corporate Client, Robert G. Markey, Craig S. Bonnell
Privileged Communications Between Counsel And The Corporate Client, Robert G. Markey, Craig S. Bonnell
Cleveland State Law Review
At present inconsistent lower federal appellate court decisions governing the use of the attorney-client privilege and work-product doctrine apply to the discovery of communications between counsel and the corporate client. Because of the distinctions that have developed in the application of the corporate attorney-client privilege and work-product doctrine due to the unique factual settings in which the issues have arisen, prior case law may not be totally preempted by the Supreme Court decision in Upjohn. This article will explore some of these divergent opinions to determine the probable effect that the Court's decision in Upjohn will have upon communications between …
Confidential Communications In The Correctional Halfway House Setting, Richard Kenney
Confidential Communications In The Correctional Halfway House Setting, Richard Kenney
Cleveland State Law Review
The author proposes that a legal testimonial privilege regarding confidential communications between the staff and residents of community-based correctional programs is necessary to insure the integrity of the therapeutic process and, ultimately, the success of the program itself. This note will examine the role of community-based correctional programs and the law in regard to testimonial privileges and will demonstrate that the extension of the privilege in this setting is legally appropriate.
The Federal Rules Of Evidence And The Quality Of Practice In Federal Courts, Stephen A. Saltzburg
The Federal Rules Of Evidence And The Quality Of Practice In Federal Courts, Stephen A. Saltzburg
Cleveland State Law Review
One point that I shall endeavor to make today is that the Federal Rules of Evidence offer an opportunity for dramatic improvement in federal trial court practice. In the hands of the most experienced practitioner or the novice litigator just weaned from law school, the evidence rules offer a promise of even-handed justice that has heretofore been unavailable. Used properly, the Federal Rules of Evidence hold out a promise that trials might be less costly to litigants in terms of out-of-pocket expenditures, that the societal costs associated with erroneous decisions by trial judges might be reduced, and that federal litigants' …
Confidential Communications In The Correctional Halfway House Setting, Richard Kenney
Confidential Communications In The Correctional Halfway House Setting, Richard Kenney
Cleveland State Law Review
The author proposes that a legal testimonial privilege regarding confidential communications between the staff and residents of community-based correctional programs is necessary to insure the integrity of the therapeutic process and, ultimately, the success of the program itself. This note will examine the role of community-based correctional programs and the law in regard to testimonial privileges and will demonstrate that the extension of the privilege in this setting is legally appropriate.
Shield Laws: The Legislative Response To Journalistic Privilege, Susan L. Dolin
Shield Laws: The Legislative Response To Journalistic Privilege, Susan L. Dolin
Cleveland State Law Review
Despite the increasing importance of the journalist in society, one controversy which has long been of significant concern to reporters has yet to be resolved - the compelled disclosure of journalistic sources in courtroom or grand jury proceedings. Threatened with citation for contempt, the journalist in such situations must often face two equally unacceptable alternatives: divulge a confidential source, or go to jail. To circumvent conflicts of this nature, the journalistic profession has urged the adoption of an evidentiary privilege which would protect reporters from compelled disclosure of confidential sources. This Note will focus on one means of instituting such …
Impeaching A Defendant's Testimony By Proof Of Post-Arrest Silence: Doyle V. Ohio, F. Ronald O'Keefe
Impeaching A Defendant's Testimony By Proof Of Post-Arrest Silence: Doyle V. Ohio, F. Ronald O'Keefe
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note will attempt to outline the genesis of the issue of impeachment by post-arrest silence by first discussing the various inquiries into the probative value of silence which had been undertaken by courts on the federal level before Hale (United States v. Hale, 422 U.S. 171 (1975)) . The focus will then shift to the Hale Court's treatment of this issue. The constitutional aspects of the issue will then be discussed, and the pronouncement of the Doyle Court (Doyle v. Ohio, 96 S. Ct. 2240 (1976)) will be analyzed with an emphasis on the continuity between the Hale and …
The Effects Of Tucker On The Fruits Of Illegally Obtained Statements, Jeffery P. Reinhard
The Effects Of Tucker On The Fruits Of Illegally Obtained Statements, Jeffery P. Reinhard
Cleveland State Law Review
Although the Court has been careful to point out that illegally obtained statements are not admissible in the prosecution's case in chief, Michigan v. Tucker has done much to erode even that principle. In Tucker, the Court found admissible the testimony of a witness whose identity was learned solely on the basis of a statement obtained from the defendant in violation of the guidelines set forth in Miranda. Despite the Court's statement that it was significant that the interrogation preceded Miranda, and notwithstanding its reiteration of the principle that the defendant's statements would not have been admissible in the prosecution's …
The Psychological Stress Evaluator: Yesterday's Dream - Tomorrow's Nightmare, Deborah Lewis Hiller
The Psychological Stress Evaluator: Yesterday's Dream - Tomorrow's Nightmare, Deborah Lewis Hiller
Cleveland State Law Review
This note will examine the manner in which the Psychological Stress Evaluator functions and explore the legal implications stemming from its use as a lie detector. More specifically, three issues which arise in connection with the use of the PSE will be discussed: first, the validity and reliability of the PSE; second, the admissibility of PSE test results in evidence; and third, the potential remedies for subjects of PSE tests who have occasion to object.
Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings In Ohio: Due Process And The Hearsay Dilemma, Sara E. Strattan
Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings In Ohio: Due Process And The Hearsay Dilemma, Sara E. Strattan
Cleveland State Law Review
This comment will explore the extent to which the exclusion of hearsay evidence in a delinquency proceeding is a practical reality in the Ohio system. In so doing, the possibilities for abuse will be highlighted and suggestions for their elimination will be made, all in the spirit of the Supreme Court's mandate to provide fundamental due process safeguards to this procedure.
The Mere Evidence Rule: Need For Re-Evaluation, Leona M. Hudak
The Mere Evidence Rule: Need For Re-Evaluation, Leona M. Hudak
Cleveland State Law Review
This article is limited to the "mere evidence rule" as enunciated in Gouled v. United States; a brief historical sketch of the genesis of the search warrant; the two landmark decisions leading to Gouled; and, an overview of its impact upon American law, with reference to major landmark decisions. A thorough study of the rule and its application and interpretation in the various courts of the United States is book-length in proportion, as the numerous case entries under Gouled in the several editions of Shepard's United States Citations clearly illustrate. Wigmore provides a fairly comprehensive listing of decisions on illegal …
Character Evidence And The Juvenile Record, Terrence N. O'Donnell
Character Evidence And The Juvenile Record, Terrence N. O'Donnell
Cleveland State Law Review
When a youngster makes a mistake and is arrested for committing a crime, should that act, committed while he is still a juvenile, appear and reappear, to haunt the offender for the rest of his life? There are some people in this country who say that we are not tough enough with our young people. But even they would not want the life of a young person marred forever by a mistake which he made as a juvenile.
Consular Officer's Amenability As Witness, Stephen J. Werber
Consular Officer's Amenability As Witness, Stephen J. Werber
Cleveland State Law Review
Contrary to the extensive immunities granted to members of the diplomatic service, members of consular posts are given only limited privileges and immunities. The existence and limitation of consular immunities arise by virtue of the office. Thus the consular officer can be called upon to testify in both civil and criminal matters under common law, international law, and treaty provision. In the absence of a treaty, consuls are generally exempt from giving testimony relating to matters acquired within the scope of their official duties or as to material contained in the consular archives. The purpose of this paper is to …
Psychologist As Expert Witness In Psychiatric Questions, Elliot R. Levine
Psychologist As Expert Witness In Psychiatric Questions, Elliot R. Levine
Cleveland State Law Review
When the seeking of truth and the dispensing of justice require Wan evaluation of a litigant's mental functioning, the courts have traditionally looked to medically trained psychiatrists to serve as expert witnesses. In his private practice the psychiatrist frequently uses the consultative services of a clinical psychologist because psychological tests are more quantitative, less subjective, and more sensitive to the nuances of personality deviation than are the traditional psychiatric evaluative techniques. The psychologist can offer to the court, as well as the medical profession can, the opportunity for the utilization of the most scientific means and methods of appraising personality. …
Book Review, Thomas Parker Hayes
Book Review, Thomas Parker Hayes
Cleveland State Law Review
Reviewing Albert G. Sugarman, Examining the Medical Expert: Lectures and Trial Demonstrations, Institute of Continuing Legal Education, 1969
Non-Resident Expert Testimony On Local Hospital Standards, Kent E. Baldauf
Non-Resident Expert Testimony On Local Hospital Standards, Kent E. Baldauf
Cleveland State Law Review
This issue deals with the question of whether a medical expert witness need be a resident of the particular community in order to testify as to local hospital standards in that community. Generally, in cases involving medical malpractice, the courts have held that the expert witness must have practiced in the "same" or "similar" locality as the defendant doctor in order that his testimony be held admissible to establish the standard of medical care against which the defendant is to be held.
Medical Witness' Treatment By Courts, Monroe E. Trout
Medical Witness' Treatment By Courts, Monroe E. Trout
Cleveland State Law Review
An attempt has been made to review what the courts have recently said about medical witnesses and their testimony. Many questions can be asked about particular decisions, and indeed, an entire article could be written about individual cited cases. The only purpose of this paper is to review the recent decisions in order to give you a panoramic view of the type of questions which the courts are being asked to answer about the medical witness and his testimony.
Mechanical Testimony, David J. Portmann
Mechanical Testimony, David J. Portmann
Cleveland State Law Review
This article deals with the familiar conflict of people versus machines, in considering the legal question of whether a machine can testify against an accused. It is a generally accepted principle that a person's physical appearance and characteristics are admissible in court as evidence for the purpose of identification. There is no general rule, however, which specifies what factors constitute a person's physical characteristics, and a problem arises when the courts must determine whether an accused's self-incrimination privilege is being abridged.
The Physician As A Witness, Robert I. Zashin
The Physician As A Witness, Robert I. Zashin
Cleveland State Law Review
As a public servant the physician, being licensed to practice medicine, has certain obligations both to the state and to his profession. His primary obligation is to give aid to his patients and offer himself as a person capable of diagnosis and treatment of human ills. It is conceded by most observers that few professions require more careful preparation than that of medicine. However, a doctor's skill is not always to be found in his office. He is now often called upon to "battle" in the courts as an expert witness. In the growing interrelationship between law and medicine, the …