Law Commons^™

Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Charting The Unknown, Richard W. Hughes

Publications

This article examines the so-far-unsuccessful efforts to judicially define and quantify the water rights appurtenant to the core land holdings of the 19 New Mexico Pueblos, many of whose lands straddle the Rio Grande. It explains that the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals has squarely held that Pueblo water rights are governed by federal, not state law, and are prior to those of any non-Indian appropriator, but also that the Tenth Circuit acknowledged that it could not say how those rights should be characterized. Part I of the article examines the course of the cases that have sought to achieve …

Damage To Fisheries By Dams: The Interplay Between International Water Law And International Fisheries Law, Paul Stanton Kibel

Publications

Following the introduction, Part One documents the effects of on-stream dams on fisheries, aquatic habitat and fishing-dependent communities. In Part Two, the Article examines how principles from international fisheries law (which has traditionally focused more on ocean fisheries than freshwater fisheries) apply in the transboundary river context. Part Three then identifies the rights of upstream/downstream nations under international water law pertaining to the impoundment and release of water from on-stream dams on waterways where fisheries are present. Next, in Part Four, the Article considers how international environmental impact assessment obligations relate to the construction and operation of on-stream dams. Finally, …

Entrepreneurial Administration, Philip J. Weiser

Publications

A core failing of today’s administrative state and modern administrative law scholarship is the lack of imagination as to how agencies should operate. On the conventional telling, public agencies follow specific grants of regulatory authority, use the traditional tools of notice-and-comment rulemaking and adjudication, and are checked by judicial review. In reality, however, effective administration depends on entrepreneurial leadership that spearheads policy experimentation and trial-and-error problem-solving, including the development of regulatory programs that use non-traditional tools.

Entrepreneurial administration takes place both at public agencies and private entities, each of which can address regulatory challenges and earn regulatory authority as a …

Agency Innovation In Vermont Yankee's White Space, Emily S. Bremer, Sharon B. Jacobs

Publications

The literature on “agency discretion” has, with a few notable exceptions, largely focused on substantive policy discretion, not procedural discretion. In this essay, we seek to refocus debate on the latter, which we argue is no less worthy of attention. We do so by defining the parameters of what we call Vermont Yankee’s “white space” — the scope of agency discretion to experiment with procedures within the boundaries established by law (and thus beyond the reach of the courts). Our goal is to begin a conversation about the dimensions of this procedural negative space, in which agencies are free …

Our Supreme Court Tackles Greenhouse Gas Analysis In Eirs, Alan Ramo

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No abstract provided.

Passage And Flow Considered Anew: Wild Salmon Restoration Via Hyrdo Relicensing, Paul Stanton Kibel

Publications

The FERC hydro relicensing process in the United States has often provided an effective mechanism to modify the terms of dam operations to reduce the adverse impacts on fisheries, particularly impacts on wild Pacific Coast salmon. This experience with FERC relicensing suggests that a transparent and scientifically rigorous regulatory framework to periodically review and modify the way dams operate can play a critical role in the restoration of wild fish stocks.

Social Function And Value Capture: Do They Or Should They Have A Role To Play In Polish Land Development Regulation, Colin Crawford, Julian Conrad Juergensmeyer, Dawid Sześciło

Publications

Following the introductory Part I, in Part II, two of the three authors here, both U.S. law professors, seek to identify some conceptual and practical legal tools for a more orderly and balanced land use development in the Warsaw metropolitan region, one that promotes not just economic and industrial growth but one that also serves medium- and longer-term social and environmental interests as well. Part III, written by the third author – a Polish law professor, will evaluate the prospects for, as well as the challenges and impediments to, implementing these legal tools in the Polish context. Finally, in Part …

Accidents Of Federalism: Ratemaking And Policy Innovation In Public Utility Law, William Boyd, Ann E. Carlson

Publications

Decarbonizing the electric power sector will be central to any serious effort to fight climate change. Many observers have suggested that the congressional failure to enact a uniform system of electricity regulation could stifle the transition to a low-carbon electricity grid. This Article contends that the critique is overstated. In fact, innovation is occurring across different aspects of the electricity system and across different types of states in ways one would not expect to see under a single, national approach. As the Article demonstrates, this innovation stems in part from Congress’s failure to enact a single, national approach to electricity …

Environmental Law, Big Data, And The Torrent Of Singularities, William Boyd

Publications

How will big data impact environmental law in the near future? This Essay imagines one possible future for environmental law in 2030 that focuses on the implications of big data for the protection of public health from risks associated with pollution and industrial chemicals. It assumes the perspective of an historian looking back from the end of the twenty-first century at the evolution of environmental law during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The premise of the Essay is that big data will drive a major shift in the underlying knowledge practices of environmental law (along with other areas …

Managing Unconventional Oil And Gas Development As If Communities Mattered, Mark Squillace

Publications

The advent of horizontal oil and gas drilling into relatively impermeable shale rock, and the companion technological breakthrough of high-pressure, multi-stage fracking that frees hydrocarbons along the substantial length of these horizontal wells, has fundamentally altered the oil and gas industry. The Energy Information Administration has gone so far as to predict that North America could become a net energy exporter as early as 2019, largely as a result of the explosive growth of this “unconventional” oil and gas development. Despite its promise, managing unconventional oil and gas development has proved challenging, and many of the communities that find themselves …

The Energy Prosumer, Sharon B. Jacobs

Publications

Decentralization is becoming a dominant trend in many industries, and the electricity industry is no exception. Increasing numbers of energy consumers generate their own electricity and/or provide essential grid services such as storage, efficiency, and demand response. This Article offers a positive account of the emergence of these new energy actors, which it calls "energy prosumers. " It then frames several doctrinal and procedural puzzles that prosumers create, including jurisdictional puzzles, distributional concerns, and democratic challenges. Ultimately, it concludes that prosumers can be a positive disruptive force in the electricity industry if courts and regulators can manage these challenges effectively. …

Kings County, Et Al., Petitioners, V. Surface Transportation Board And United States Of America, Et Al., Proposed Amicus Curiae Brief Of Center For Biological Diversity In Support Of Neither Party For Abstention Or Reversal Of The Surface Transportation Board’S Decision, Helen H. Kang, Et Al.

Publications

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

No. 15-71780 KINGS COUNTY, et al., Petitioners, v. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Respondents, and CALIFORNIA HIGH-SPEED RAIL AUTHORITY Intervenor and Respondent.

No. 15-72570 DIGNITY HEALTH, Petitioner, v. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Respondents, and CALIFORNIA HIGH-SPEED RAIL AUTHORITY Intervenor and Respondent. _______________________________________________________________ PROPOSED AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF OF CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN SUPPORT OF NEITHER PARTY FOR ABSTENTION OR REVERSAL OF THE SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD’S DECISION

Friends Of The Eel River And Californians For Alternatives To Toxics V. North Coast Railroad Authority And Board Of Directors Of North Coast Railroad Authority, Et Al., Plaintiffs’ Consolidated Response To Briefs Of Amici Curiae In Support Of Respondents And Real Party In Interest, Helen H. Kang, Et Al.

Publications

Case No. S222472, In the Supreme Court of the State of California, FRIENDS OF THE EEL RIVER AND CALIFORNIANS FOR ALTERNATIVES TO TOXICS, Plaintiffs and Appellants, vs. NORTH COAST RAILROAD AUTHORITY AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF NORTH COAST RAILROAD AUTHORITY, Defendants and Respondents, NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, Real Party in Interest and Respondent. After a Decision by the Court of Appeal First Appellate District, Division One, Case Nos. A 139222, A139235 Appeal from Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Marin Case Nos. CIV 1103605, CIV 1103591. The Honorable Roy Chernus, Presiding. PLAINTIFFS’ CONSOLIDATED RESPONSE TO …

Spring 2015 Utton Center Newsletter, Utton Center, University Of New Mexico - School Of Law

Publications

No abstract provided.

Optimizing Reservoir Operations To Adapt To 21st Century Expectations Of Climate And Social Change In The Willamette River Basin, Oregon, Kathleen M. Moore

Publications

Reservoir systems in the western US are managed to serve two main competing purposes: to reduce flooding during the winter and spring, and to provide water supply for multiple uses during the summer. Because the storage capacity of a reservoir cannot be used for both flood damage reduction and water storage at the same time, these two uses are traded off as the reservoir fills during the transition from the wet to the dry season. Climate change, population growth, and development in the western US may exacerbate dry season water scarcity and increase winter flood risk, creating a need to …

Sea Level Rise, Saltwater Intrusion And Endangered Fisheries - Shifting Baselines For The Bay Delta Conservation Plan, Paul S. Kibel

Publications

UC Davis School of Law's March 2015 symposium on The Future of CEQA, out of which this article evolved, focused on how the substantive law governing the operation of the California Environmental Quality Act might change in the coming decades. In my presentation for the symposium's final panel, I suggested that certain changes in CEQA substantive law may well be driven by the increasing recognition that the background conditions against which projects will operate will themselves change significantly in the future.

Controlling Ancillary Emissions Under The Clean Air Act: Consideration Of Energy Storage As Best Available Control Technology, Deborah Nicole Behles

Publications

Renewable energy is being deployed throughout the country to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases. Reliance on increasing amounts of renewable energy, however, may lead to significant unanticipated increases in pollution because of the likelihood of fossil fuel facilities starting, stopping, and running more often to back up renewable resources. Estimates show that these emissions increases can drastically undercut the potential emission benefits of increased renewable penetration. To date, this changing role of fossil fuel facilities has not been thoughtfully evaluated in Clean Air Act permitting decisions for new and modified sources, even though the Act requires consideration of all …

Environment, Energy, And Resources Law: The Year In Review, Helen H. Kang

Publications

Contributor to ch. 26, Constitutional Law Report, pp.337-339.

Coal Pollution And Climate Change, Alan Ramo

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No abstract provided.

The End Of Sustainability, Melinda Harm Benson, Robin Kundis Craig

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No abstract provided.

The End Of Sustainability, Melinda Harm Benson, Robin Kundis Craig

Publications

It is time to move past the concept of sustainability. The realities of the Anthropocene warrant this conclusion. They include unprecedented and irreversible rates of human-induced biodiversity loss, exponential increases in per-capita resource consumption, and global climate change. These factors combine to create an increasing likelihood of rapid, nonlinear, social and ecological regime changes. The recent failure of the Rio +20 provides an opportunity to collectively reexamine--and ultimately move past--the concept of sustainability as an environmental goal. We must face the impossibility of defining--let alone pursuing--a goal of "sustainability" in a world characterized by such extreme complexity, radical uncertainty and …

Managing Complex Water Resource Systems For Ecological Integrity: Evaluating Tradeoffs And Uncertainty, Richard Morrison

Publications

Water resource systems often contain numerous components that are intertwined or even contradictory, such as power production, water delivery, recreation, and environmental needs. This complexity makes it difficult to holistically assess management alternatives. In addition, hydro climatic and ecological uncertainties complicate efforts to evaluate the impacts of management scenarios. We need new tools that are able to inform managers and researchers of the tradeoffs or consequences associated with flow alternatives, while also explicitly incorporating sources of uncertainty. My research addresses this limitation using two modeling approaches: stochastic system dynamics modeling and Bayesian network modeling. I developed a stochastic system dynamics …

Spring 2014 Utton Center Newsletter, Utton Center, University Of New Mexico - School Of Law

Publications

No abstract provided.

Developing The Law Of The River: The Integration Of Law And Policy Into Hydrologic And Socio-Economic Modeling Efforts In The Willamette River Basin, Adell Louise Amos

Publications

A legal and policy infrastructure -- referred to as a "law of the river" -- exists for every river basin in the U.S. an can be as important as natural processes in terms of managing the future of the resource. Because of the way that water law and policy have evolved in the U.S., this infrastructure involves a matrix of state and federal law that governs the choices that policymakers, end users, and agencies make. This "law of the river" provides the context in which decisions are made and not made. It also draws the boundaries within which decision makers …

Jump In Before It's Too Late: Protecting And Increasing Streamflows In New Mexico, Sharon Wirth

Publications

Freshwater ecosystems need adequate streamflow to supply clean water for humans and maintain healthy habitat for wildlife. Over-appropriation, overuse, climate change, and drought plague New Mexico's rivers, taxing many rivers beyond sustainability. Despite the myriad of problems caused by little or no water in our rivers, policies and procedures to protect and increase streamflows in New Mexico are limited. While most Western states have made demonstrable progress in alleviating various legal and technical barriers to protecting and increasing streamflows, New Mexico has made only limited, recent progress towards solutions for our drying rivers. This article takes a critical look at …

Water Governance Challenges In New Mexico's Middle Rio Grande Valley: A Resilience Assessment, Melina Harm Benson, Dagmar Llewellyn, Ryan Morrison, Mark Stone

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No abstract provided.

Interdisciplinary Research And Environmental Law, Caroline L. Noblet, Dave Owen

Publications

This Article considers the involvement of environmental law researchers in interdisciplinary research. Using a survey and a series of unstructured interviews, we explore environmental law professors’ level of interest in such research; the extent of their engagement in it; and the inducements and barriers they perceive to such research. We conclude that levels of engagement in such research are probably lower than they ought to be, and we therefore recommend steps that individuals and institutions could take to facilitate more and better interdisciplinary work. More generally, we conclude that some common critiques of interdisciplinary legal research rest on assumptions that …

A Salmon Eye Lens On Climate Adaption, Paul S. Kibel

Publications

This Article discusses the current gap in climate adaptation law and policy, emphasizing the potential role that the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Endangered Species Act (ESA) and California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) could play in filling this gap. It focuses on the provisions in these laws that establish that agency planning and decision-making should be based on the best available science, and notes that the best available science now confirms that GHG emission-induced climate change is happening now and will continue to happen during this century. This Article posits that the most appropriate and effective way to factor expected …

The California Offset Game: Who Wins And Who Loses?, Alan Ramo

Publications

California is implementing the most comprehensive global warming regulatory program in the United States. A key part of this program is its cap-and-trade system. Integral to the cap-and-trade requirements are provisions for offsets, whereby companies, to meet their caps, can purchase credits from certain unregulated entities whose activities are deemed to have resulted in real and additional emission reductions. California has attempted to avoid the Kyoto Protocol's project-by-project lengthy and problematic review of offsets with a performance standard approach for domestic offsets and a sector approach for international offsets. Offsets, even if done right. raise serious environmental justice questions as …

U.S. Military Accountability For Extraterritorial Environmental Impacts: An Examination Of Okinawa, Environmental Justice, And Judicial Militarism, Alan Ramo

Publications

Local resistance to the relocation of a U.S. military base to a Bay threatening an endangered sea mammal off the coast of the island of Okinawa raises important issues regarding the extraterritoriality of U.S. environmental laws, the role of the courts in reviewing military operations and ultimately environmental justice. Federal courts continue inconsistently to sort out the extraterritoriality of U.S. laws, including environmental laws. Strong arguments remain that the National Environmental Policy Act and the Endangered Species Act should also apply to the U.S. military’s actions in Okinawa. Although the modern U.S. Supreme Court has reversed earlier cases and given …