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The School Of SharīʿA Judges: SharīʿA Courts’ Reform And Legal Modernization In Egypt (1907-1927), Yamen Nouh

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis studied the history of the school of sharīʿa judges (1907-1927) as an essential episode of the reform of Sharīʿa courts in Egypt in the early 20th century. The thesis studied the school in connection with the broader context of legal modernization of the Egyptian legal system. The study explored the institutional, pedagogical, and legal aspects of the reform that the school advocated. The study analyzed the impact of the school’s pedagogy on the practice of the Islamic judiciary and the theoretical conception of Sharīʿa. The study used a significant yet understudied historical source: the judicial press. A comparative …

Examining The Implementation Of Insurance Law And Policies: A Study Of Natural Disaster Risks, Policyholders, And Insurance Companies In Indonesia, Dotto Koyage Philipo, Daniel Lubowa

Indonesia Law Review

This study aims to investigate the implementation of insurance laws and policies in Indonesia in the context of natural disaster risks. The study will analyse the effectiveness of existing insurance regulations and their practical implications through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, legal frameworks, and empirical data. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative data with policyholders and insurance professionals, as well as quantitative data analysis from insurance industry reports. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the current insurance framework, shedding light on potential areas for improvement. This study seeks …

Guardians Of Innocence: Enhancing Legal Safeguards For Child Victims Of Sexual Violence In Indonesia, Aziz Andriansyah, Retno Saraswati, Irma Cahyaningtyas

Indonesia Law Review

Sexual violence against children is a crime that is quite disturbing and needs to get attention in society. The implementation of child protection must meet the requirements, among others, by implementing the development of truth, justice and child welfare. Based on the provisions in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. The basic rights of children who need adequate protection include the right to live, the right to develop, the right to protection, the right to participate and the right to education. Efforts to prevent sexual abuse in children can also …

Fighting Against Copyright Infringement On Social Networks In Vietnam - From The Perspective Of Responsibilities Of Internet Service Providers, Phan Khoi Nguyen

Indonesia Law Review

The law on intellectual property in general and copyright, in particular, is a subject of increasing interest in today's society, particularly in the information and internet explosion era. To prevent infringement and effectively protect copyright in the online environment, Vietnam's copyright law contains numerous provisions, including regulations pertaining to service provider responsibilities. This article examines the international and domestic legal bases for the liability of social network service providers (a type of internet-based intermediary service) in the fight against harmful copyright violations by the users of the service. Thus, the authors will identify several deficiencies in the existing Vietnamese copyright …

Background Noise: Lessons About Media Influence, Mitigation Measures, And Mens Rea From Argentine And Us Criminal Cases, Agustina Mitre, Matthew P. Cavedon

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

This Article reflects on the influence that intense media coverage can have on high-profile criminal cases and considers ways to reconcile defendants’ right to a fair trial with press freedom, comparing approaches and cases from Argentina and the US. The Article begins by discussing the tension between journalists’ and defendants’ rights (Part I). It then surveys how the US seeks to mitigate media influence (Part II). After this, it notes two recent Argentine mitigation measures (Part III). Next, it conducts a legal analysis of the Fernando Báez Sosa case, blaming media pressure for errors in the judgment and then proposing …

Public Participation In The Constitution-Making Process: The Afghan Experiment, Shamshad Pasarlay

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

This Article explores the public participation process conducted during the drafting of Afghanistan’s 2004 Constitution. It examines scores of questionnaires, public comments, written submissions and minutes of town hall meetings that the framers used to gather public opinion and input. The Article highlights that the makers of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan designed and implemented an extensive public participation process, but public opinion did not have a real impact on constitutional outcomes. Instead, the content of the constitution was settled by the political elites whose agreement was needed for constitutional ratification. Drawing on this case study, the paper suggests that …

How (Not) To Deal With The Bubble Effect In Cyberspace: The Case Of The Eu And Digital Services Act, João Tornada

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Deliberative democracies are based on an ideal process of speech and dialogue that fosters an “uninhibited, robust, and wide-open” public discourse sphere. In cyberspace, social networks and search engine platforms largely operate with recommender systems that tailor content according to the users' interests and online behavior (“profiling”), thus segregating them from different points of view (“bubble effect”). While this personalization of content is particularly efficient to promote commercial goods and services, when it comes to information of common interest, especially on political matters, it undermines consensus-building dialogue and threatens democratic ideals. The theory of a free “marketplace of ideas” justifies …

Whom Is Corporate Esg Integration For?, Ryan Brennan

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Notions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and more recently, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) have found their way into the boardrooms of the world’s largest corporations. The prominence of this trend has revived the timeless debate over the true function of for-profit business. Traditional theory calls for a corporation to maximize shareholder’s profits—a view known as “shareholder primacy.” A competing contemporary school of thought finds that corporate purpose naturally extends beyond generating return on the investment of a given shareholder to reflect social objectives and the many dependent constituents of a business. As it stands, US corporate law tracks the …

Putin Skirts The Icc: The Invasion Of Ukraine And The Symbolic Power Of International Law, Corbin Gregg

CICLR Online

Much can be said about the role of international law in shaping the behavior of states and leaders. Often maligned, international organizations face criticism from those who wish to see them do more: punish human rights violations, sanction aggressive state actors, and prevent wars of aggression. While these are overall purported goals of international organizations, the way they attempt to effectuate change is sometimes unclear. Nowhere is this more true than the way the international organizations have reacted to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

This post was originally published on the Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review on December 26, …

Pooling And Exchanging Competitively Sensitive Information Among Rivals: Absolutely Illegal Not Just Unreasonable, Peter C. Carstensen, Annkathrin Marschall

University of Cincinnati Law Review

An agreement to exchange competitive sensitive information among rivalrous competitors usually results from an intent to inhibit or restrict the discretion of those firms to engage in competition. Basic economic logic about competition leads to that conclusion. Hence, such an exchange is in itself a naked agreement in restraint of trade without legal justification. Currently, case law requires a more convoluted and irrelevant inquiry into market definition and market power before a court can condemn such agreements. This is the result of ambiguous Supreme Court decisions as well as the recognition that in a few instances there are plausible arguments …

Masthead

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter And Table Of Contents

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Vietnam's "Entire People Ownership" Of Land: Theory And Practice, Phan Trung Hien, Hugh D. Spitzer

University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review

The Constitution of Vietnam declares that “[t]he Socialist Republic of Vietnam State is a socialist rule of law State of the People, by the People, and for the People.” It also states that land is “under ownership by the entire people represented and uniformly managed by the State.” This means the entire people of Vietnam are collective landowners and the Vietnam State is their “representative.” Given that, how might the public execute its real ownership—rather than treating “people’s ownership” as just a slogan? This article analyzes the gaps in theory and practice in Vietnam, a country with a robust market …

Deconstructing The Decolonizing Plot Of The Tydings-Mcduffie Act: A Review Of America's International Relations In Asia In The Early Twentieth Century, Alvin Hoi-Chun Hung

University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review

The Tydings-McDuffie Act was enacted in 1934 to establish a designated path for the Philippines, then an American colony, to become independent after a ten-year transition period. This article looks into the macro-environment of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s regarding the impact of the Soviet Union, the Republic of China, the Shōwa empire of Japan, and its puppet state “Manchukuo” in China, embedded within the innumerable socio-political and economic conflicts between the U.S. and the Philippines. The Tydings-McDuffie Act is critically examined to assess its underlying decolonizing plot of the political and economic relationship between the U.S. and the …

Prevention Of Judicial Corruption In Bangladesh: Cutting The Gordian Knot By Ensuring Accountability, S M Solaiman

University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review

Judicial corruption has eaten away at good governance in Bangladesh for decades, hindering its ambition to attain the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”) and taking advantage of the absence of any effective accountability mechanism. The magnitude of corruption is so intense that the successive Chief Justices, Attorneys-General, local, and international anti-corruption organizations, and even the Supreme Court of Bangladesh (“SCB”) itself in a judgment have forthrightly admitted the prevalence of judicial corruption. The malpractice does profoundly undermine the rule of law and infringe on the people’s right to fair trial. Corruption is on the rise in the country as …

Intellectual Property Legislation Holism In China, Taorui Guan

University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review

No abstract provided.

Rise Of The Machines: The Future Of Intellectual Property Rights In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence, Sofia Vescovo

Brooklyn Law Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) is not new to generating outputs considered suitable for intellectual property (IP) protection. However, recent technological advancements have made it possible for AI to transform from a mere tool used to assist in developing IP to the mind behind novel artistic works and inventions. One particular AI, DABUS, has done just so. Yet, while technology has advanced, IP law has not. This note sets out to provide a solution to the legal concerns raised by AI in IP law, specifically in the context of AI authorship and inventorship. The DABUS test case offers a model framework for …

Testing The Boundaries Of Torture: Forced Circumcision As A Crime Against Humanity, Marina Coriale

CICLR Online

Female genital mutilation (FGM) has history that extends across countless cultures and regions, impacting women and girls around the world still searching for redress and reparations. Knowing this, the international community should understand the necessity of providing a space for FGM survivors in the International Criminal Court (ICC).

This post was originally published on the Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review on December 4, 2023. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above.

Surprises In The Skies: Resolving The Circuit Split On How Courts Should Determine Whether An "Accident" Is "Unexpected Or Unusual" Under The Montreal Convention, Ashley Tang

Washington Law Review

Article 17 of both the Montreal Convention and its predecessor, the Warsaw Convention, imposes liability onto air carriers for certain injuries and damages from “accidents” incurred by passengers during international air carriage. However, neither Convention defines the term “accident.” While the United States Supreme Court opined that, for the purposes of Article 17, an air carrier’s liability “arises only if a passenger’s injury is caused by an unexpected or unusual event or happening that is external to the passenger,” it did not explain what standards lower courts should employ to discern whether an event is “unexpected or unusual.” In 2004, …

Vietnam's "Entire People Ownership" Of Land: Theory And Practice, Phan Trung Hien, Hugh D. Spitzer

Articles

The Constitution of Vietnam declares that “[t]he Socialist Republic of Vietnam State is a socialist rule of law State of the People, by the People, and for the People.” It also states that land is “under ownership by the entire people represented and uniformly managed by the State.” This means the entire people of Vietnam are collective landowners and the Vietnam State is their “representative.” Given that, how might the public execute its real ownership—rather than treating “people’s ownership” as just a slogan? This article analyzes the gaps in theory and practice in Vietnam, a country with a robust market …

Tech Supremacy: The New Arms Race Between China And The United States, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Articles

In the brewing tech war between the United States and China, the quest for tech supremacy is in full force. Through enacting a series of laws and policies, China aims to reach its goal of tech supremacy. If China succeeds, U.S. corporations will face a daunting task in competing against Chinese products and services in core industries and in sectors where artificial intelligence and technological breakthroughs reign. This Article is the first to identify and analyze China’s 2022 Law on Science and Technology Progress, Personal Information Protection Law, Made in China 2025, National Intellectual Property Strategies, and digital currency e-CNY; …

Climate Change In The Courts: A 2023 Retrospective, Maria Antonia Tigre, Margaret Barry

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

Drawing from the jurisdictions covered in the Sabin Center's United States (U.S.) and Global Climate Litigation databases, this report offers insights into key developments, emerging themes, evolving legal strategies, and the pulse of climate litigation in 2023.

Limiting The Shareholder And Partner Liability In Joint-Stock And Limited Liability Companies: A Comparative Study Between Kuwait And U.S Laws, Fahad N Sh K Alshammari, Fahad A. Alzumai

UAEU Law Journal

partner liability exemptions when faced with an attempt to pierce the corporate veil and attach individual liability for ongoing business decisions. The issue is that although piercing the corporate veil rule serves as an important tool for holding decision-makers accountable for misconduct in public companies and limited liability companies, the Kuwaiti legislature did not adopt this exemption If the promoter or the partner uses the company for fraudulent or illegitimate purposes, If he treats the company’s funds as his own personal funds, or if he does not separate his personal interest from the company’s interest, or if he causes incurring …

Perbandingan Rechtsverwerking Sebagai Doktrin Hukum Di Indonesia Dan Doktrin Estoppel Di Amerika Serikat Pada Bidang Hukum Perjanjian, Joseph Noviandri, Togi Marolop Pangaribuan

Lex Patrimonium

This journal discusses the scope of rechtsverwerking as a doctrine known as the ‘waiver of rights’ doctrine. rechtsverwerking refers to a situation where someone possesses a certain right but does not exercise it within a specific period, which may result in the loss of that right. This concept of waiving rights is widely recognized, As exemplified by Article 32 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning the release of land rights, the application of the rechtsverwerking doctrine should no longer be used as the basis for releasing land rights, as legislation takes precedence over doctrines in the …

A Comparative Analysis Of The Animal Protection Laws In The United States And Switzerland, Kelly Ziyu Xia

CICLR Online

In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.” This statement underlines the significance of how a society cares for those under its dominion, particularly those who are defenseless. Animal welfare laws vary widely across the globe, reflecting the diverse approaches taken by different countries to protect the interests of animals. While the United States has made commendable strides, the current legal framework for animal protection remains inadequate. Both Switzerland and the United States have federal laws that aim to protect animal welfare, but …

Reviewing The Organization Of The Consumer Right To Withdraw In Electronic Transactions In Qatar, Mahmoud Fayyad, Reinhard Steennot

International Journal on Consumer Law and Practice

This research identifies and analyses weaknesses in Qatar’s legal regulatory framework for the right to withdraw in electronic transactions, understands the causes of consumer dissatisfaction and their impact, and conducts a comparative analysis of European law to extract insights for improving Qatar’s legal regulations and organizational structure. This research employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing a survey administered to a random sample of 391 consumers. The survey will gather data on consumer perceptions, experiences, and satisfaction levels related to the right to withdraw in electronic transactions in Qatar. The results revealed a need for more confidence among Qatari consumers when purchasing …

National Legal Models To Regulate Scrubbers Washwater, Shams Al Din Al Hajjaji

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

According to the findings of this study, nations should adopt uniform regulations regarding the discharge of washwater from exhaust gas cleaning systems into their ports, territories, and Exclusive Economic Zones. Scrubbers are used by ships to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases so they can adhere to the International Maritime Organization’s limit on the sulfur content of ship fuel. The global upper limit was 0.5% in January 2020. Scrubber washwater is discharged into the ocean by ships. Toxic substances are present in the washwater for the scrubbers. The level of washwater for the scrubbers is governed by the 2008 and …

Applicants Beware: Chinese Trademark Fraud Is Rampant, And It Is Affecting U.S. Trademarks, Lily Barash

CICLR Online

If you are looking to file a trademark application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), you should raise your vigilance. When the COVID-19 pandemic sent people in the United States into emergency lockdown, brick and mortar businesses closed their doors and people started opening their minds. People found new, and more, ways to be creative and e-commerce began to boom. With budding ideas, creators and companies recognized the imperativeness of protecting their intellectual property. The USPTO announced that as of June 17, 2021, it had experienced an increase of roughly 63% in trademark applications filed over the …

A Comparative Analysis Of Criminal Justice Systems In The United States And Scandinavia, Tyler Truelock

Ohio Northern University International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Out Of The Shadows: The Need For Increased Scrutiny Of Shadow Banking In China, Benson M. Clements

CICLR Online

Zhongrong International Trust Co., a Chinese investment trust with significant real estate exposure, has missed payments on dozens of corporate trust products since late July. Retail investors are left with frustration and panic as they fear they may have lost their life savings. Regulators are concerned they may have to further tame an already faltering economy. It may be time to question the free reign with which shadow banks have enjoyed for decades.

This post was originally published on the Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review on November 14, 2023. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link …