Law Commons^™

The French Prosecutor In Question, Jacqueline S. Hodgson

Washington and Lee Law Review

Both the pre-trial and dispositive roles of the French prosecutor have continued to expand over the last decades with a resulting shift in power away from the trial judge and the juge d'instruction. The recommendations of the Liger Commission in 2009 went beyond the redistribution of authority and proposed the abolition of the juge d'instruction, placing the prosecutor in charge of all criminal investigations, even the most serious, complex, and sensitive. At the same time, the prosecutor's role and status has been challenged in a number of ways-in particular concerning her function as judicial supervisor of the detention and interrogation …

Uncertainty And The Search For Truth At Trial: Defining Prosecutorial "Objectivity" In German Sexual Assault Cases, Shawn Marie Boyne

Washington and Lee Law Review

According to German legal scholar, Claus Roxin, German prosecutors are the "most objective civil servants" in the world. Roxin 's assessment of German prosecution practice reflects the conviction of many German legal scholars that prosecutors in Germany's inquisitorial system function as second judges dedicated to finding the objective "truth." In this Article I investigate how prosecutors "translate" the normative duty of objectivity enshrined in the German penal code into observable practices on the ground I examine prosecutorial decision-making in three sexual assault trials. Sexual assault cases pose unique challenges to prosecutors as well as to the definition of objectivity. Because …

Η Παρακμή Του Κυπριακού Καθεστώτος Εξαίρεσης: Από Την Οργανική Κρίση Στην Υπέρβαση Του «Δόγματος Της Ανάγκης»;, Nicos Trimikliniotis

Nicos Trimikliniotis

Το κείμενο αυτό είναι μέρος μιας ευρύτερης προβληματικής η οποία θεωρεί ότι η συνολική Κυπριακή πολιτειακή εμπειρία αποτελείται από ένα σύστημα πολλαπλών, αντιφατικών και αλληλο-τεμνόμενων καθεστώτων εξαίρεσης, το οποίο βιώνει μια βαθειά ή καλύτερα οργανική κρίση. Από την μια μεριά τείνει να διαιωνίζει τους όρους ύπαρξης του μέσα από την σταδιακή κανονικοποίηση του, και από την άλλη μεριά όμως το ίδιο το σύστημα παρουσιάζει τέτοιες βαθύτατες δυσλειτουργίες που υπονομεύουν την ίδια ύπαρξη του. Βασική ιδέα είναι ότι βιώνουμε το εξής παράδοξο: καθώς το καθεστώς εξαίρεσης φαίνεται να διευρύνεται και να κανονικοποιείται σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, το πολλαπλό κυπριακό καθεστώς εξαίρεσης υπονομεύεται …

Ρατσιστική Βία Και Εγκλήματα Ρατσιστικού Μίσους Στην Κύπρο, Nicos Trimikliniotis

Nicos Trimikliniotis

Η παρούσα έκθεση αποτελείται από στοιχεία που συλλέχτηκαν για σκοπούς έρευνας που υποβλήθηκε στον Οργανισμό για τα Θεμελιώδη Δικαιώματα της ΕΕ. πρόκειται για συνοπτική παρουσίαση της σχετικής έκθεσης που εξετάζει το ζήτημα της ρατσιστικής βίας στην Κύπρο.

Demand And Supply Forces In The Market For Law Interplaying Through Jurisdictional Competition: Basic Theories And Cases, Chang-Hsien Tsai

Chang-hsien (Robert) TSAI

Inspired by corporate charter competitions in the 19th-century U.S. and contemporary Europe as well as the negative impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the U.S. cross-listing market, this article draws positive lessons from the above stories that demand and supply forces underlying jurisdictional competition constrains regulating jurisdictions from disregarding business demands and from imposing excessive regulation, and that jurisdictional competition brought about by mobility or exit would push for legal flexibility. Through the positive arguments developed in this article, regulatory jurisdictions in East Asia could, to an extent, understand the true costs and benefits of regulation in the …

Physical-Strength Rationales For De Jure Exclusion Of Women From Military Combat Positions, Maia Goodell

Seattle University Law Review

Women have been serving in the military in steadily increasing numbers for decades. Nevertheless, the military remains one of the few areas in which the U.S. government decides what roles are open to women based on de jure exclusions. This Article examines the law governing de jure classification, noting that a mere normative belief about women’s proper place in society is an insufficient basis to justify a sex-based exclusion. It then probes the most common rationale advanced in support of the continued de jure exclusion of women: physical strength. The Article examines four problems with the physical strength rationale: (1) …

Contemporary Issues On Public International And Comparative Law: Essays In Honor Of Professor Dr. Christian Nwachukwu Okeke, Arthur J. Gemmell

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Contemporary Issues on Public International and Comparative Law: Essays in Honor of Professor Dr. Christian Nwachukwu Okeke is a Liber Amicorum in which writings by international law scholars from around the globe have been compiled to honor Prof. Christian Nwachukwu Okeke: scholar, law professor, mentor, father, and husband.

Chima Centus Nweze, Ed. Contemporary Issues On Public International And Comparative Law: Essays In Honor Of Professor Christian Nwachukwu Okeke, Sophie Clavier

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

The Modern Concept Of Secularism And Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis, Dr. Nehaluddin Ahmad

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The essence of the word 'secularism' depends upon a variety of factors existing in a particular state, e.g. the society's composition, political history, and the potential of its minority groups, as well as the prevailing international circumstances. In the matter of secularism and Islam, the world is misinformed and misguided. Most people who engage in these discussions do not have a clear idea of the Islamic way of life. Typically, Islamic scholars must take great steps to prove that Islamic Doctrine contains all types of contemporary social and political thought and action, such as the nature of democracy, social justice, …

Comparative Law, Edward J. Eberle

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

It is the aim of comparative law to examine the legal rules and patterns of order that drive a given society. For subjects of a particular legal system, this is a question of acculturation. Being the product of a culture, we often intuitively sense the hidden forces that play out below the surface of the external manifestation of law. Therefore, this task becomes more difficult when we find ourselves dealing with a foreign legal system. We must then call upon the tools of the anthropologist or archeologist: studying the underlying substrata of data that lie within a culture.

Comparative Study Of Cruel & Unusual Punishment For Engaging In Consensual Homosexual Acts (In International Conventions, The United States And Iran), Sanaz Alasti

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

This article undertakes a comparative study of cruel and unusual punishment for consensual homosexual acts, in the United States and Iran, based on the prohibition of these punishments in international conventions. The primary object of this paper is to establish that the criminalization of consensual homosexual acts is arbitrary and as capricious as punishing other minorities. Furthermore, criminalization contradicts the object and purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and virtually every other law concerning sexual minorities. This article is further motivated by the novelty and necessity of the topic. Surprisingly little research has been done focusing on this …

Private Litigation In A Public Law Sphere:The Standard Of Review In Investor-State Arbitrations, William W. Burke-White, Andreas Von Staden

All Faculty Scholarship

International arbitration and, particularly, investor-state arbitration is rapidly shifting to include disputes of a public law nature. Yet, arbitral tribunals continue to apply standards of review derived from the private law origins of international arbitration, have not recognized the new public law context of these disputes, and have failed to develop a coherent jurisprudence with regard to the applicable standard for reviewing a state's public regulatory activities. This problematic approach is evidenced by a recent series of cases brought by foreign investors against Argentina challenging the economic recovery program launched after a massive financial collapse and has called into question …

Constitucionalidade É Regra, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

A Constituição não é um desses conceitos que se dobram e desdobram, fazem e refazem a bel-prazer dos interesses dos políticos, ou dos comentadores, que não o são menos. Não é questão de moda. Já como que ouvimos alguns a pensar, e quiçá a dizer mesmo: "Esta estação "está a dar", é "chic" ser contra a velharia da Constituição. Façamos pois uma nova, rasguemos e rompamos a velha - mesmo que por revisão -, fruto dessa coisa caduca, desactualizada, a revolução dos cravos, flor popularucha..." A Constituição, porém, não se muda por capricho de bem-pensantes, que nos querem doutrinar com …

A Constituição É Soberana, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

A Constituição está acima de toda e qualquer outra manifestação jurídica, e, naturalmente, política. Por isso tem sido identificada, na pirâmide normativa (e jurídica em geral), com o vértice. Todo o Direito tem de estar de acordo com a Constituição. As normas, mesmo pretensamente constitucionais, que não respeitem a Constituição, são inconstitucionais e devem ser apagadas (quanto possível, pela natureza das coisas) da ordem jurídica. Estas como outras ideias simples nem sempre são aplicadas (ou se têm presentes) na prática do debate político. Quando, por exemplo, se pensa em revisões constitucionais. Estas também têm de respeitar a hierarquia normativa, logo, …

Constituição É Estabilidade, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

A Constituição é a norma das normas, base da estabilidade institucional e da continuidade política para além dos governos, que se vão sucedendo e a devem sempre cumprir. A Constituição contém um programa nacional comum. Quando esse programa não servir realmente, não se revê a Constituição. Faz-se uma revolução e virá por ela nova Constituição. Mas estamos contentes com a Constituição que temos. Ela serve-nos, com mudanças de pormenor, quando oportuno.

Pautas A Seguir Para Incluir La Cláusula De Liberación De Protesto, David García

David García

No abstract provided.

Futebol Como Metáfora, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

O grande antropólogo brasileiro Roberto Da Matta, em entrevista a Marília Gabriela, na SBT, notável a muitos títulos, pareceu-nos ter elogiado o futebol como um sector social em que os jogadores são escolhidos pelo seu mérito efectivo e não por "cunhas" ou por motivos hereditários ou de afinidade. O que seria se a sociedade em geral se regulasse do mesmo modo? Ponderam-se neste artigo o entusiasmo por uma metáfora dessas e sublinha-se também a ambiguidade dessa "meritocracia"...

Sino Trade Agreements: Is China’S Bilateral Strategy Different From That Of The European Union Or The United States?, Peter Yu

Peter K. Yu

No abstract provided.

Una Obligación Sin Prestación O Sólo Una Hipótesis De Cumplimiento Defectuoso: La Responsabilidad Del Médico Dependiente, Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

Renzo E. Saavedra Velazco

En la presente nota abordamos brevemente un aspecto de suma complejidad teórica y de vivo interés práctico: la responsabilidad del médico dependiente y, en particular, la justificación que le sirve de sustento. En efecto, debido a la decidida difusión, incluso entre nosotros, de la noción de la relación obligatoria como una entidad compleja, se acepta la existencia de deberes accesorios e incluso deberes autónomos respecto de la prestación principal. Ello ha generado una tendencia a explicar la responsabilidad de la estructura sanitaria y del médico que en ella sirve como de naturaleza contractual, si bien ello no esta exento de …

Higiene Da Língua, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Não interessam as ideias, ou o que se diga, mas apenas "passar na TV"? A nossa Língua não denota, nos maus tratos que sofre, doenças sociais e políticas? Antes de tudo, para haver saúde social e política, é preciso ter ideias claras. E elas não existem sem palavras apropriadas - uma lição de Confúcio a meditar. A alternativa é venerarmos apenas, acriticamente, os ídolos que passem na TV.

From Energy Sector Inquiry To Recent Antitrust Decisions In European Energy Markets: Competition Law As A Means To Implement Energy Sector Regulation In Eu, Michael Diathesopoulos

Michael Diathesopoulos

This paper presents the conceptual path followed by European Union, European Commission and European Competition Network, after the Energy Sector Inquiry (2007) towards the realisation of the objective of an Energy Internal Market, fully functional and open to competition. Firstly, we examine the findings of Sector Inquiry and then we describe how the Third Energy Package - that followed - tried to address the issues highlighted by the Inquiry and how Third Energy Package introduces a promising but complex system, in order to develop sector rules. Following the above, we proceed to a brief but close examination of 10 recent …

The French Huissier As A Model For U.S. Civil Procedure Reform, Robert W. Emerson

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Huissiers de justice serve multiple roles in the French legal system. One is that of a court officer who compiles dossiers (reports). In that role, the huissier is d'audiencier (literally translated as "hearing" or "assisting") and works directly for the court system itself.

The huissier's report remains alien to the American lawyer, who is steeped in notions of procedure and "testimonialism" and in principles of fairness which appear ancient, but are rather modern dissimulations of law and equity's rich history in the American tradition. An important aspect of most legal processes, the collection of data in preparation for litigation is …

Limites A La Vigencia Del Principio Contradictorio En Los Juicios De Familia / Limits To The Adversarial Ideal In The Family Courts, Claudio Fuentes Maureira

Claudio Fuentes Maureira

The relevance of the adversarial ideal in the design of judicial proceedings is due to two major ideas: the right to a proper defence for the parties and the important role that the parties perform during the questioning and the control of the other party’s case. Once the relevance of the adversarial ideal is acknowledged, one could ask if this ideal is properly welcomed under the family procedure stated in the law. I propose that in order to answer this question properly, it is pertinent to use some sort of instrument to measure the amount of the adversarialness that the …

Informe De Funcionamiento De Los Tribunales De Familia De Santiago / Report On The Family Courts Of Santiago City, Claudio Fuentes Maureira, Felipe Marín Verdugo, Erick Rios Leiva

Claudio Fuentes Maureira

In October 2005, the Chilean government launched the new family courts. The new tribunals were the second major judicial reform that Chile’s executive power supported and it was a huge failure. The system collapsed after a couple of months, and in the beginning of the 2006, the executive branch called for a group of academics and experts to elaborate some kind of response.

After years of problems the authorities arrived at identifying the main problems, and because of that in September 2008 a new bill was enacted, containing modifications to the family law system. Also, the Supreme Court of Chile …

Introduction: Transatlantic Perspectives On Law, Security And Power: A German/American Dialogue On Nato’S 60th Anniversary

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Transatlantic Perspectives on Law, Security and Power: A German/American Dialogue on NATO’s 60^th Anniversary, Symposium.

Nato At Sixty: American Between Law And War, Mary Ellen O'Connell

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

NATO was founded to counter the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Treaty Organization. Both have been gone for over twenty years. So why is NATO still here? Part of the explanation may lie in Americans' strong belief in the efficacy of military force. NATO remains associated in Americans' minds with the greatest time of U.S. military power. Yet, the United States also has a strong commitment to the rule of law. The country appears overdue for a return to this other commitment. We should not be surprised to soon see the United States promoting international law again-and that could mean …

Germany's Basic Law And The Use Of Force, Russell A. Miller

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The German Basic Law's Regime for the use of force is evidence of and an explanation for the deep difference between Germany and the United States on security matters. It also might say something more grand about the power of law to constrain force.

Transatlantic Perspectives on Law, Security and Power: A German/American Dialogue on NATO’s 60^th Anniversary, Symposium.

Trading Debts Across Borders: A European Solution (Snyder Lecture), Richard Fentiman

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

On April 7, 2009, Richard Fentiman delivered the tenth annual Snyder Lecture at the Indiana University Maurer School of Law.

When Is An Alternative Forum Available? Rethinking The Forum Non Conveniens Analysis, Joel H. Samuels

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Mōri V. Japan: The Nagoya High Court Recognizes The Right To Live In Peace, Hudson Hamilton

Washington International Law Journal

The following is a translation of the Nagoya High Court’s decision in Mōri v. Japan, a case challenging the constitutionality of Japan’s deployment of its Self-Defense Forces (“SDF”) to the Middle East in connection with the United States-led occupation of Iraq. Beginning in December of 2003, Japan deployed ground and air forces of the SDF to the Middle East, including three C-130H “Hercules” transport aircraft which were used to airlift coalition forces and supplies between Kuwait and Baghdad. In response, more than 5,700 citizens, represented by over 800 attorneys, filed lawsuits in eleven district courts across the country in …