Law Commons^™

Professor Rudolf B. Schlesinger, Mary Kay Kane

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Fundamental Rights On The Infobahn: Regulating The Delivery Of Internet Related Services Within The European Union, Patrick G. Crago

UC Law SF International Law Review

The European Union (EU), and its Member States, is currently struggling with the question of if and/or how to regulate the rapidly expanding content and services available over the Internet, an international communications medium. Some Member States are unilaterally acting to regulate the delivery of Internet related services, while other Member States are still debating whether they should regulate. The EU continues to study the issue, proposing that the Member States cooperate together to resolve the issue.

This Note posits that as a result of the uniquely international nature of the Internet, and the cultural, political, and social issues its …

The Committee On The Regions And The Role Of Regional Governments In The European Union, Naomi Roht-Arriaza

UC Law SF International Law Review

The process of European integration has been accompanied by a movement towards decentralization and devolution of power in many states within the European Union (EU). Subnational governments like L.nder, regions, or autonomous communities are seeking increased participation in the design and implementation of EU policies and in EU-level institutions. This Article explores the role of regions within the EU. It considers why subnational governments have assumed a growing role in European affairs, summarizes the mechanisms available in the most decentralized states for subnational input into EU policy formulation and implementation. It then focuses on the institutional mechanisms devised to allow …

To Judge Between The Nations: Post Cold War Transformations In National Security And Separation Of Powers--Beating Nuclear Swords Into Plowshares In An Imperfectly Competitive World, Antonio F. Perez

UC Law SF International Law Review

This Article describes the conflicting policy interests the U.S. government pursued in relation to its nonproliferation interest, on the one hand, in the security of excess Russian weapons-usable nuclear material and protectionist trade interests, on the other in preventing importation of low-cost Russian uranium and the conditions for privatization of the Government-owned corporation processing uranium for use in nuclear power reactors. The Article draws on recent national security literature to argue that both the nonproliferation and protectionist interests involve national security concerns; it then employs public choice theory to demonstrate that the Executive Branch is more likely than Congress to …

International Human Rights Law In United States Courts: Professor Riesenfeld's Contributions, Namoi Roht-Arriaza

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reconcilable Differences--The Interpretation Of Multilingual Treaties, Dinah Shelton

UC Law SF International Law Review

The practice of authenticating treaties in several languages has grown in recent decades as multilateral agreements are concluded in the six official languages of the United Nations or the corresponding number of official languages of other sponsoring organizations. Problems of translation errors, ambiguities, and deliberate differences lead to conflicts over the content of obligations and rights contained in the treaties. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides some guidance to interpreting texts authenticated in several languages, but more effort is needed during negotiations to avoid discordant texts. In addition, the author proposes that greater recourse be had to …

Helms-Burton: The Canadian View, Kim Campbell

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Exporting Ethics: Lessons From Russia's Attempt To Regulate Federal Lobbying, Jason D. Kaune

UC Law SF International Law Review

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, U.S. experts have attempted to assist the Russian Federation in developing legal means to control and regulate lobbying. Faced with rampant corruption and the lack of a democratic tradition, the Russian government must address questions concerning lobbying that have troubled the United States for decades.

Mr. Kaune analyzes the 1995 attempt to export the U.S. model of regulating business-government contracts through a Russian federal law on lobbying. Although that attempt failed, the effort provides a number of lessons about both lobbying in Russia and relations between Russia and the United States.

The Five Bases Of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction And The Failure Of The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality, Wade Estey

UC Law SF International Law Review

A nation can exercise two types of jurisdiction: territorial and extraterritorial. The exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction elicits controversy because of possible international law conflicts. The United States applies a presumption against extraterritorial application of domestic law. However, the presumption of extraterritorial application ignores the propriety of its use.

This Note revises the presumption upon reviewing various statutory and case law applications of extraterritorial jurisdiction in the United States. This Note also proposes a new paradigm for proper use of extraterritorial jurisdiction. The new paradigm posits that the presumption against extraterritorial jurisdiction can be rebutted in five situations: (1) Nationality Jurisdiction, …

Cultivating A Seedling Charter: South Africa's Court Grows Its Constitution, Margaret A. Burnham

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

As South Africa emerges from the vestiges of apartheid, its Constitutional Court struggles to develop a jurisprudence that reflects the lasting ideals of a constitutional democracy. This Article examines the Court's use of international and foreign law in developing a unique form of constitutional jurisprudence. It argues that the Constitutional Court is in the process of developing an innovative form of decision-making that effectively combines domestically derived principles of justice with those developed in the international forum. This Article concludes that reliable methods of adjudication are firmly entrenched in the South African legal system and that its constitutional jurisprudence should …

Translating & Interpreting Foreign Statutes, Andrew N. Adler

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article aspires to address academics and anyone who must translate or interpret foreign statutes without previous in-depth education in the alien language and law. To make matters more interesting, the author concentrates on the plight of the minority of judges who want to arrive at independently reasoned interpretations of foreign law when given the opportunity. Most judges strive mightily to avoid even having to glance at foreign laws. And, when it becomes absolutely necessary to read a foreign code, most judges and litigators retain the centuries-old habit of relying too slavishly on tendentious expert testimony. Furthermore, while most states …

Law And Religion In Israel And Iran: How The Integration Of Secular And Spiritual Laws Affects Human Rights And The Potential For Violence, S. I. Strong

Michigan Journal of International Law

Part I of this article provides a brief sketch of the principles of the two majority religions at issue in this discussion and an overview of the history of both Israel and Iran. It explains why each nation has chosen to structure itself as it has and why the imposition of U.S.-style secularism would be an inappropriate method of dealing with the religio-legal conflict in the two societies. Part II compares the fundamental or constitutional laws of the two nations by analyzing the provisions, policies, and practices most influenced by religion. After identifying and analyzing the laws themselves in Part …

The Fallacy Of Neutrality: Diary Of An Election Observer, Jeanne M. Woods

Michigan Journal of International Law

Neutrality is one of many conceptual fictions of liberal discourse. A legal fiction is "contrived by the law" to facilitate adjudication of issues. Such fictions may serve as symbols, to make abstract concepts tangible or, they may be myths designed to promote some normative principle or goal. The problem arises when these fictions cease to be recognized as inventions, or as "presumptions about reality," and are believed to have an independent existence in reality. Then, they "purport to provide us with an objective and impersonal criterion, but they do not." According to the philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre, a fiction is "a …

Asil International Law Weekend: Panel On Internal Conflicts, Michael J. Matheson

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

As John Crook has pointed out, most of the armed conflicts of recent years have been internal rather than international, and most of the suffering of the civilian population has occurred in these internal conflicts

Protection Of Internally Displaced Persons In Internal Conflicts, Luke T. Lee

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

There are some thirty million internally displaced persons (IDPs) today as compared to fifteen million refugees. The root causes generating refugees and IDPs are essentially the same: armed conflicts and human rights abuses. While refugees are protected by a number of international treaties and organizations, and are enjoying comparative safety in countries of asylum or resettlement, IDPs are not - supposedly on the ground that since IDPs are within their own country, their government should be responsible for their protection.

Universality Of Human Rights And Thedeath Penalty-The Approach Of The Human Rights Committee, Markus G. Schmidt

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The application of the death penalty has occupied a number of United Nations human rights treaty bodies, and in particular the Human Rights Committee established under article 28 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter referred to as ICCPR).

Universality Of Human Rights: The Case Of The Death Penalty, Christina M. Cerna

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

THE ISSUE OF THE UNIVERSALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Forty-five years after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the international community met in Vienna to elaborate the human rights agenda for the next twenty-five years.

Low-Intensity Conflict And The Law, L. C. Green

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The term low-intensity conflict is relatively new in military and political language and is employed more or less synonymously with noninternational conflict, especially when such a conflict becomes of international concern.

Russian Minorities In The Newly Independent States, John Quigley

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

One of the legal issues left by recent territorial change in Eastern Europe is the status of persons of a former majority group who become a minority. This issue has presented particular difficulties where, the remaining population is of an ethnic group that formerly held a predominant role vis-d-vis an ethnic group that, as a result of the territorial change, has become a majority.

The New Dynamics Of Self-Determination, Valerie Epps

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The term self-determination still teeters on the borders of evolving legal precept, expression of political will, and universal human aspiration. The concept never quite settles down into a black letter law pronouncement or a clearly understood political dynamic.

The Role Of N.G.O.S In U.S. Ratification Of Human Rights Treaties, Jeffery Huffines

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The United States has been ambivalent in its attitude toward the United Nations and toward human rights in particular. On the one hand United States legal experts have been instrumental in helping to craft the United Nations Covenants and Conventions.

Who's Afraid Of The Croc: Objections To The Convention On The Rights Of The Child, Alison Dundes Rentein

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The painfully slow process of securing the United States ratification of human rights treaties is a well established part of American history.

State Collaboration In United States Ratification Of Human Rights Treaties, James A. R. Nafziger

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The process in the United States of negotiating and ratifying human rights treaties seldom engages the states, either individually or collectively.

The Likely Legacies Of Tadic, Jose E. Alvarez

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

How will historians and others judge the Balkan war crimes tribunal? In my brief time, I would like to indicate how the prosecution of Tadic, the first case before that tribunal, has raised some doubts about that body's legitimacy and likely legacy.

A Fronte Praecipitium A Tergo Lupi:' Towards An Assessment Of The Trial Of Dusko Tadic Before The Icty, Raymond M. Brown

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The voyage towards an evaluation of the first international war crimes trial in fifty years is perilous

International Humanitarian Law After Bosnia, Jean-Philippe Lavoyer

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

To start, I would like to thank Professor Paust for inviting the International Committee of the Red Cross (I.C.R.C.) to participate in this panel. Its subject is indeed closely linked to the I.C.R.C.

Swapping Amnesty For Peace And The Duty To Prosecute Human Rights Crimes, Diane F. Orentlicher

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

I am fortunate to have as a foundation for my remarks Professor Roht-Arriaza's lucid presentation of the principal sources of international law bearing on amnesties for gross violations of human rights.

What Price Peace: From Nuremberg To Bosnia To The Nobel Peace Prize, Malvina Halberstam

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

In the fifty years that have elapsed since the Nuremberg Trials, we have made tremendous progress in the development of human rights.

Trial Of The Century? Assessing The Case Of Dusko Tadic Before The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia, Mark S. Zaid

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

It is more than bitter irony that nearly fifty years to the day after the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg rendered its judgment, we are here today analyzing the first international war crimes trial held since the end of World War II.

The Developing Jurisprudence Of The Rights Of The Child - Contributions Of The Hague Conference On Private International Law, Peter H. Pfund

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

I would like this morning to discuss with you three multilateral treaties produced since 1980 by the international organization known as the Hague Conference on Private International Law