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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
Improving Coalition Planning By Making Plans Alive, Jitu Patel, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco
Improving Coalition Planning By Making Plans Alive, Jitu Patel, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco
Michael C. Dorneich
The Collaborative Planning Model (CPM) supports human planners in managing planning information and facilitating automated reasoning. It aims to make plans 'alive' by digitizing planning concepts to facilitate their dynamic use, modification, dissemination, and reuse.
Analysis Of The Risks And Benefits Of Flight Deck Adaptive Systems, Michael C. Dorneich, William Rogers, Stephen D. Whitlow, Robert Demers
Analysis Of The Risks And Benefits Of Flight Deck Adaptive Systems, Michael C. Dorneich, William Rogers, Stephen D. Whitlow, Robert Demers
Michael C. Dorneich
The objectives of this work were to identify human performance risks and benefits of adaptive systems through a systematic analysis and heuristic evaluation of adaptive system component types and characteristics. As flight deck automated systems have more access to aircraft data, sensor data, stored databases, communicated information, and real time flight crew inputs, as well as more ability to process that information in sophisticated ways to identify situational priorities and context, it is becoming more realistic for those automated systems to adapt their behavior based on context. Automated systems that can make such changes on their own are called adaptive …
Considering Etiquette In The Design Of An Adaptive System, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia May Ververs, Santosh Mathan, Stephen Whitlow, Caroline C. Hayes
Considering Etiquette In The Design Of An Adaptive System, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia May Ververs, Santosh Mathan, Stephen Whitlow, Caroline C. Hayes
Michael C. Dorneich
In this article, the authors empirically assess the costs and benefits of designing an adaptive system to follow social conventions regarding the appropriateness of interruptions. Interruption management is one area within the larger topic of automation etiquette. The authors tested these concepts in an outdoor environment using the Communications Scheduler, a wearable adaptive system that classifies users' cognitive state via brain and heart sensors and adapts its interactions. Designed to help dismounted soldiers, it manages communications in much the same way as a good administrative assistant. Depending on a combination of message priority, user workload, and system state, it decides …
Towards A Characterization Of Adaptive Systems: A Framework For Researchers And System Designers, Karen M. Feigh, Michael C. Dorneich, Caroline C. Hayes
Towards A Characterization Of Adaptive Systems: A Framework For Researchers And System Designers, Karen M. Feigh, Michael C. Dorneich, Caroline C. Hayes
Michael C. Dorneich
Objective: This paper presents a systematic framework characterizing adaptive systems. Background: Adaptive systems are those which can appropriately modify their behavior to fit the current context. This concept is appealing because it offers the possibility of creating computer assistants that behave like good human assistants who can provide what is needed without being asked. However, the majority of adaptive systems have been experimental rather than practical because of the technical challenges in accurately perceiving and interpreting users’ current cognitive state; integrating cognitive state, environment and task information; and using it to predict users’ current needs. We anticipate that recent developments …
Evaluation Of A Shared Representation To Support Collaborative, Distributed, Coalition, Multilevel Planning, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Jitu Patel, Cheryl Giammanco
Evaluation Of A Shared Representation To Support Collaborative, Distributed, Coalition, Multilevel Planning, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Jitu Patel, Cheryl Giammanco
Michael C. Dorneich
This paper presents the extension and evaluation of a formal representation that enables planners at different levels of command, and in different functional area, to jointly share, develop, and modify plans. Planning has moved from a co-located, concurrent, small team activity to an activity that involves a large, culturally diverse, hierarchical, globally-distributed team. However, significant benefits of distributed planning can only come if the team is able to communicate and maintain a shared understanding of the commander’s intent, objectives, resources and constraints, as well as decisions made and justifications for planning options chosen or alternatives rejected. Effective automated support must …
The Crew Workload Manager: An Open-Loop Adaptive System Design For Next Generation Flight Decks, Michael C. Dorneich, Bretislav Passinger, Christopher Hamblin, Claudia Keinrath, Jiri Vasek, Stephen D. Whitlow, Martijin Beekhuyzen
The Crew Workload Manager: An Open-Loop Adaptive System Design For Next Generation Flight Decks, Michael C. Dorneich, Bretislav Passinger, Christopher Hamblin, Claudia Keinrath, Jiri Vasek, Stephen D. Whitlow, Martijin Beekhuyzen
Michael C. Dorneich
This paper presents an open loop adaptive system intended to address workload imbalances in future, high-workload flight decks. Air traffic in Europe is expected to more than double by 2020. New technologies being proposed will significantly add to pilot roles and responsibilities, and has the potential to add further periods of high workload to pilot operations. The CAMMI (Cognitive Adaptive Man Machine Interface) program addresses human factors priorities in the aviation domain by developing concepts that balance operator workload, support added future operator roles and responsibilities and resulting new task and information requirements, while allowing operators to focus on the …
Integrated Data Link Concept - An Adaptive System Facilitating Controller Pilot Data Link Communication, Michael C. Dorneich, Jiri Vasek, Claudia Keinrath, Petr Krupansky, Bretislav Passinger, Stephen Whitlow, Chris Hamblin
Integrated Data Link Concept - An Adaptive System Facilitating Controller Pilot Data Link Communication, Michael C. Dorneich, Jiri Vasek, Claudia Keinrath, Petr Krupansky, Bretislav Passinger, Stephen Whitlow, Chris Hamblin
Michael C. Dorneich
An adaptive system to address workload issues due to the migration towards datalink communications in future flight decks is presented in this paper. Air traffic in Europe is expected to more than double by 2020. New technologies being proposed will significantly add to pilot roles and responsibilities, and has the potential to add further periods of high workload to pilot operations. The CAMMI (Cognitive Adaptive Man Machine Interface) program addresses human factors priorities in the aviation domain by developing concepts that balance operator workload, support added future operator roles and responsibilities and resulting new task and information requirements, while allowing …
Hybrid Rationale For Shared Understanding, David Mott, Cheryl Giammanco, Michael C. Dorneich, Dave Braines
Hybrid Rationale For Shared Understanding, David Mott, Cheryl Giammanco, Michael C. Dorneich, Dave Braines
Michael C. Dorneich
Understanding the reasoning of others is a key aspect to achieving a shared understanding when collaboratively solving a problem, such as the generation of a plan, and recent observations of military planners suggest that it plays a key role in the planning process. An example of rationale is described where a misunderstanding is only resolved by the joint exploration and cross-challenging of the rationale. A prototype tool is described that permits the creation and visualization of the basic rationale via the use of Controlled English (CE). Using the example, the paper explores mechanisms that could potentially make more effective use …
Making Plans Alive, Jitu Pater, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco
Making Plans Alive, Jitu Pater, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco
Michael C. Dorneich
Over the years, researchers have expended considerable effort in attempts to improve military planning, most notably via the provision of automated planning support tools. While there have been some successes (e.g. the DART system which was used for movement planning during Gulf war), planning still remains a very human‐orientated activity with little technical support. Why? A possible reason for this predicament is that researchers have not fully conceptualized the problem that planners face. For instance, a common approach has been to consider planning as a single process or a homogenous set of problems to be solved. Unfortunately, military planning is …
A Conceptual Framework To Support A Multi-Level Planning Capability, Jitu Patel, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco
A Conceptual Framework To Support A Multi-Level Planning Capability, Jitu Patel, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco
Michael C. Dorneich
Over the years, military planning has attracted a lot of attention by researchers with the aim of providing automated planning support tools. There have been some successes (e.g., DART system which was used for movement during Gulf war) however, to-date, planning still remains a very human activity with little or no automated support tools. Why? A possible reason for this predicament is that researchers have not fully conceptualized the problem. For instance, a common approach has been to consider planning as a single process or a homogenous set of problems to be solved. Unfortunately, military planning is not a single …
The Combat Causal Reasoner Approach To Robotic Control, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen D. Whitlow, Eric Olson, David Anhalt, Tracy Monteith
The Combat Causal Reasoner Approach To Robotic Control, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen D. Whitlow, Eric Olson, David Anhalt, Tracy Monteith
Michael C. Dorneich
This paper describes an approach to autonomous robotic control that enables cooperative, tactically correct robotic behaviors that human teammates understand. For maximum effectiveness, unmanned systems (UMSs) must be able to support dismounted warfighters in high-intensity, high-operational-tempo (OPTEMPO) situations without becoming a source of distraction. Current models of robotic control require overt human tasking, limiting robotics to low OPTEMPO tasks. The Combat Causal Reasoner (CCR) proposes to change the paradigm of UMS autonomy by enabling UMSs to cooperate with humans without expecting the UMS to perceive the environment as a human would. CCR uses a Playbook approach to generate responses that …
Designing For The Future: A Cognitive-Adaptive-Man-Machine-Interface, Claudia Keinrath, Michael C. Dorneich, Jiri Vasek
Designing For The Future: A Cognitive-Adaptive-Man-Machine-Interface, Claudia Keinrath, Michael C. Dorneich, Jiri Vasek
Michael C. Dorneich
The forecasts of the International Civil Aviation Organization envisage a growth in world air travel of 5% per annum until 2020. The air traffic in Europe is therefore expected to more than double by 2020. In order to deal with the growth, the European Air Traffic Management (ATM) system will undergo major changes. The envisaged next generation ATM will require new technologies to meet future collaborative decision making, self separation, precision 4D path following, and closer aircraft spacing. The CAMMI (Cognitive Adaptive Man Machine Interface) program addresses human factors priorities in various domains by developing concepts that balance operator workload, …
Deriving Cursor Control Device Expectations For The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle, Michael C. Dorneich, Jeff A. Lancaster, Christopher J. Hambin, Olu Olofinboba, Robert E. Demers
Deriving Cursor Control Device Expectations For The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle, Michael C. Dorneich, Jeff A. Lancaster, Christopher J. Hambin, Olu Olofinboba, Robert E. Demers
Michael C. Dorneich
A unique challenge for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle is the need for a novel cursor control device (CCD) that allows the crew to interact with display formats while seated and restrained. Display formats will contain "controllable elements" that will be used for input by astronauts, and will most likely not be laid out in a rectilinear grid. A four-way "caged" castle switch on the CCD was designed to travel only to controllable elements toward decreasing erroneous cursor movements. The ability of the four-way castle to intuitively navigate the cursor from a user perspective is a vital consideration. A cursor …
Hybrid Rationale And Controlled Natural Language For Shared Understanding, David Mott, Cheryl Giammanco, Michael C. Dorneich, Jitu Patel, Dave Braines
Hybrid Rationale And Controlled Natural Language For Shared Understanding, David Mott, Cheryl Giammanco, Michael C. Dorneich, Jitu Patel, Dave Braines
Michael C. Dorneich
Understanding the reasoning of others is a key aspect to achieving a shared understanding when collaboratively solving a problem, such as the generation of a plan, and recent observations of military planners suggest that it plays a key role in the planning process. An example of rationale is described where a misunderstanding is only resolved by the joint exploration and cross-challenging of the rationale. A prototype tool is described that permits the creation and visualization of the basic rationale via the use of a Controlled Natural Language derived from Common Logic Controlled English. Using the example, the paper explores mechanisms …
Visualising Rationale In The Cpm, David H. Mott, Michael C. Dorneich
Visualising Rationale In The Cpm, David H. Mott, Michael C. Dorneich
Michael C. Dorneich
Rationale is being explored by the ITA in planning, for shared understanding of plans, and for capturing dependencies between assumptions/decisions and parts of the plan. Informal rationale captured during evaluation of the Collaborative Planning Model has been explored in terms of alternative visual representations and questions that these raise.
Improving Shared Understanding In Multilevel Planning, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Jitu Patel
Improving Shared Understanding In Multilevel Planning, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Jitu Patel
Michael C. Dorneich
Planning is a specific example of a problem solving activity that is undertaken across multiple (human) collaborative agents. In order to collaborate, these humans need to form a shared understanding of various aspects of the plan, mutual goals, the contexts of the other agents, and the rationale for others decisions and assumptions. Failure to reach this shared understanding can have serious implications to the success of the resulting plan. Currently plans are developed and shared with peer and subordinate units in a static format such as text, diagrams and spreadsheets which do not normally contain any of the reasoning, logic …
Cognitive State Estimation In Mobile Environments, Michael C. Dorneich, Santosh Mathan, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow
Cognitive State Estimation In Mobile Environments, Michael C. Dorneich, Santosh Mathan, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow
Michael C. Dorneich
This chapter presents the unique challenges encountered, difficult trade-offs required, and promising techniques em-ployed when moving cognitive state assessment from the la-boratory to a mobile field environment.
An Evaluation Of Real-Time Cognitive State Classification In A Harsh Operational Environment, Michael C. Dorneich, Santosh Mathan, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow
An Evaluation Of Real-Time Cognitive State Classification In A Harsh Operational Environment, Michael C. Dorneich, Santosh Mathan, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow
Michael C. Dorneich
This paper describes an evaluation conducted with a full platoon of 32 Soldiers at Aberdeen Proving Grounds' MOUT site in Aberdeen, MD. The objective was to assess the cognitive workload classification techniques driven by neuro-physiological (EEG) and physiological (ECG) sensors. In a first ever evaluation of real-time cognitive monitoring in the harsh operational environment, the assessment culminated in a three phase, 24-hour mission consisting of a coordinated Route Reconnaissance, a Cordon and Search of a village, and a Hasty Defense operation. Task load levels were manipulated by introducing unexpected and unplanned events requiring re-planning and extensive coordination by the leadership …
Supporting Real-Time Cognitive State Classification On A Mobile Individual, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen D. Whitlow, Santosh Mathan, Patricia May Ververs, Deniz Erdogmus, Andre Adami, Misha Pavel, Tian Lan
Supporting Real-Time Cognitive State Classification On A Mobile Individual, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen D. Whitlow, Santosh Mathan, Patricia May Ververs, Deniz Erdogmus, Andre Adami, Misha Pavel, Tian Lan
Michael C. Dorneich
The effectiveness of neurophysiologically triggered adaptive systems hinges on reliable and effective signal processing and cognitive state classification. Although this presents a difficult technical challenge in any context, these concerns are particularly pronounced in a system designed for mobile contexts. This paper describes a neurophysiologically derived cognitive state classification approach designed for ambulatory task contexts. We highlight signal processing and classification components that render the electroencephalogram (EEG) -based cognitive state estimation system robust to noise. Field assessments show classification performance that exceeds 70% for all participants in a context that many have regarded as intractable for cognitive state classification using …
Neuro-Physiologically-Driven Adaptive Automation To Improve Decision Making Under Stress, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow, Santosh Mathan, James Carciofini, Trent Reusser
Neuro-Physiologically-Driven Adaptive Automation To Improve Decision Making Under Stress, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow, Santosh Mathan, James Carciofini, Trent Reusser
Michael C. Dorneich
The advent of netted communications and a wide array of battlefield sensors is enabling real-time information streaming and asset management. However, the burden of information management is placed solely on the receiver of the information. Honeywell Laboratories developed a Communications Scheduler (CoS), an adaptive information management system for the dismounted Soldier, driven by an assessment of the individual's current cognitive capacity to process incoming information, in order to improve decision making under high task load conditions. An evaluation was conducted to demonstrate whether cognitive capacity to perform under differing task loads could be detected using neuro-physiological sensors and then if …
Evaluation Of A Tactile Navigation Cueing System And Real-Time Assessment Of Cognitive State, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow, Santosh Mathan
Evaluation Of A Tactile Navigation Cueing System And Real-Time Assessment Of Cognitive State, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia May Ververs, Stephen D. Whitlow, Santosh Mathan
Michael C. Dorneich
This paper details an evaluation of a tactile cueing system that was created to enhance the navigation of a complex route. The complexity of the task along with simultaneously challenging cognitive tasks also enabled the real-time assessment of cognitive state in various task load conditions. Honeywell has been working with the US Army's Future Force Warrior program to develop adaptive systems that will effectively manage the available cognitive resources used for information processing by the dismounted Soldier in highly dynamic, information rich environments. The appropriate allocation of cognitive resources is key to managing multiple tasks, focusing on the most important …
Characterization Of Changes In Electrophysiological Activity In An Operational Environment, Natalia Mazaeva, Santosh Mathan, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen Whitlow, Patricia May Ververs
Characterization Of Changes In Electrophysiological Activity In An Operational Environment, Natalia Mazaeva, Santosh Mathan, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen Whitlow, Patricia May Ververs
Michael C. Dorneich
The purpose of this study is to characterize differences in EEG collected under stationary conditions and that collected in mobile settings. EEG activity has not been evaluated in operational settings due to difficulties associated with processing of EEG in real-world settings such as real-time removal of artifacts, operational environments, and possible differences in EEG frequency associated with mobility. Utilization of EEG measures of cognitive activity in dynamic environments demands the use of real-time algorithms of signal decontamination and characterization of specific components of EEG activity. In this study, EEG was collected and filtered in real-time in a set of controlled …
A Superior Tool For Airline Operations, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen D. Whitlow, Christopher A. Miller, John A. Allen
A Superior Tool For Airline Operations, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen D. Whitlow, Christopher A. Miller, John A. Allen
Michael C. Dorneich
The Diversion Off-Gate Management Assistant (DOGMA) is a decision support tool that mitigates problems in making diversion decisions in the airline industry. DOGMA helps inexperienced dispatchers to provide superior and consistent diversion decisions that translate into minimizing the impact of time-critical diversion decisions and increasing the airline's ability to recover from severe schedule disruptions. The tool integrates multiple information sources to improve dispatchers' situation awareness of the current state of flight, aircraft, maintenance, crew, and passenger schedules.
Closing The Loop Of An Adaptive System With Cognitive State, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen Whitlow, Patricia May Ververs, Jim Carciofini, Janet Creaser
Closing The Loop Of An Adaptive System With Cognitive State, Michael C. Dorneich, Stephen Whitlow, Patricia May Ververs, Jim Carciofini, Janet Creaser
Michael C. Dorneich
This paper describes an adaptive system that “closes the loop” by utilizing a real-time, directly sensed measure of cognitive state of the human operator. The Honeywell Augmented Cognition team has developed a Closed Loop Integrated Prototype (CLIP) of a Communications Scheduler, for application to the U.S. Army’s Future Force Warrior (FFW) program. It is expected that in a highly networked environment the sheer magnitude of communication traffic could overwhelm the individual soldier. The CLIP exploits real-time neurophysiological and physiological measurements of the human operator in order to create a cognitive state profile, which is used to augment the work environment …
Integrating Critical Information On Flight Deck Displays, Patricia May Ververs, Michael C. Dorneich, Michael D. Good, Joshua Lee Downs
Integrating Critical Information On Flight Deck Displays, Patricia May Ververs, Michael C. Dorneich, Michael D. Good, Joshua Lee Downs
Michael C. Dorneich
Honeywell Laboratories has developed a concept for integrating multiple sources of data concerning information outside the aircraft. The concept, ANCOA (Alerting and Notification for Conditions Outside the Aircraft), was conceived as means for reducing error conflicts and establishing a clear prioritization among currently independent and disparate alerting systems for hazards external to the aircraft (e.g., TCAS, EGPWS). This paper documents an empirical evaluation of ANCOA by 12 professional pilots. The concept was evaluated in Honeywell Laboratories’ Flight Simulation Laboratory in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Two core ANCOA features were manipulated and compared. The first was the integration of information by comparing ANCOA’s …
The Uiuc Virtual Spectrometer: A Java-Based Collaborative Learning Environment, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia M. Jones
The Uiuc Virtual Spectrometer: A Java-Based Collaborative Learning Environment, Michael C. Dorneich, Patricia M. Jones
Michael C. Dorneich
The development of the UIUC Virtual Spectrometer (UIUC-VS), an interactive, Java-based simulation and tutoring system, is discussed. The apprenticeship model oflearning is utilized to create a learning environment for the study of a one-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment, with the goal of linking theoretical knowledge with practical operational experience. Active, exploratory, apprentice-style learning is supported via modes of operation within the system. Students can flexibly choose to "observe the expert" perform and explain operational steps, or "act as an apprentice" and carry out the steps autonomously. Students can switch between modes at their discretion, giving them control of …