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Full-Text Articles in Nuclear Engineering
Development Of Novel Cesium Chloride-Based Ultrafast Inorganic Scintillators For Fast Timing Radiation Detection Applications, Daniel Rutstrom
Development Of Novel Cesium Chloride-Based Ultrafast Inorganic Scintillators For Fast Timing Radiation Detection Applications, Daniel Rutstrom
Doctoral Dissertations
Cs2ZnCl4 [dicesium zinc tetrachloride] and Cs3ZnCl5 [tricesium zinc pentachloride] are relatively new scintillator materials that appear to be promising for use in fast-timing radiation detection applications owing to their 1 to 2 nanosecond decay times. Moreover, they offer several advantages over the state-of-the-art ultrafast inorganic scintillator BaF2 [barium fluoride]. To fully realize the potential of these novel materials, growth of crystals having improved optical quality must be demonstrated. The mechanism responsible for the ultrafast decay times, core valence luminescence (CVL), in cesium zinc chloride crystals can also be observed in other compounds containing …
A High Rate Pixelated Neutron Detector For Neutron Reflectometry At The Spallation Neutron Source, Su-Ann Chong
A High Rate Pixelated Neutron Detector For Neutron Reflectometry At The Spallation Neutron Source, Su-Ann Chong
Doctoral Dissertations
This work presents the development of a high-rate 6Li-based pixelated neutron detector for neutron reflectometry instruments at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The current detector technology falls short on the instrument requirements, particularly on the counting rate capability. This detector was designed specifically to overcome the limitation in counting rate by having a fully pixelated design from neutron conversion layer to photodetector and readout system. For the neutron converting layer, a 6Li-based neutron scintillator was used. Each scintillator element was coupled to a photodetector, in this case, a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). The output of each SiPM …
Fabrication Of Specialized Scintillators For Nuclear Security Applications, Cordell James Delzer
Fabrication Of Specialized Scintillators For Nuclear Security Applications, Cordell James Delzer
Doctoral Dissertations
Radiation detectors are important for a variety of fields including medical imaging, oil drilling, and nuclear security. Within nuclear security, they can serve a multitude of purposes whether that be imaging, localization, isotopic identification, or even just activity measurement. Even without directly seeing a nuclear material it is often able to notice their existence without a detector. Scintillators make up an important part of these detectors due to their large intrinsic efficiency, low cost, large volume, and relatively low upkeep. Due to the importance of the large number of purposes these scintillators may be used for, it can often be …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Li-Containing Garnet Ceramic Scintillators For Nuclear Security Applications, Joshua Paul Smith
Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Li-Containing Garnet Ceramic Scintillators For Nuclear Security Applications, Joshua Paul Smith
Doctoral Dissertations
In the field of nuclear security, the ability to detect neutrons is a critical part of the prevention of the smuggling of illicit nuclear materials. The use of dual-mode detector would drastically reduce the number of passive detector systems necessary to meet the detection needs of the nuclear security industry. Li-containing scintillators have been researched for over 70 years; however, relatively few efficient dual-mode detector materials have been discovered. The currently available Li-containing scintillators are relatively low density, very difficult to grow, and highly hygroscopic. These limitations make the wide-spread use of Li-containing scintillators as dual-mode detectors inefficient and expensive. …
A Study Of Energy Resolution And Non-Proportionality Of Yalo3:Ce And Gd3ga3al2o12:Ce, Samuel Bradley Donnald
A Study Of Energy Resolution And Non-Proportionality Of Yalo3:Ce And Gd3ga3al2o12:Ce, Samuel Bradley Donnald
Doctoral Dissertations
For many radiation detection applications, energy resolution is one of the most important detector characteristics. In well designed scintillation detectors, the energy resolution is primarily driven by two main factors - the light output and light yield non-proportionality. A great deal of research has already focused on understanding and improving the light yield of scintillation detectors; however, light yield non-proportionality is less well understood. Until recently, light yield non-proportionality was thought to be an intrinsic scintillator property with very little sample-to-sample variation. In this work, two materials have been investigated that demonstrate a variable light yield non-proportionality. The first material …
Discovery And Development Of Rare Earth Activated Binary Metal Halide Scintillators For Next Generation Radiation Detectors, Kan Yang
Doctoral Dissertations
This work focuses on discovery and development of novel binary halide scintillation materials for radiation detection applications. A complete laboratory for raw materials handling, ampoule preparation, material rapid synthesis screening, single crystal growth, sample cutting, polishing and packaging of hygroscopic halide scintillation materials has been established. Ce3+ and Eu2+ activated scintillators in three binary systems: Alkali Halide – Rare Earth Halide (AX–REX3), Alkali Halide – Alkaline Earth Halide (AX–AEX2) and Alkalin Earth Halide – Rare Earth Halide (AEX2–REX3) were systematically studied. Candidates for new scintillation materials in the three systems …