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Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Commons™
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- Nanobiotechnology (3)
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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Development Of Nucleic Acid Diagnostics For Targeted And Non-Targeted Biosensing, Christopher William Smith
Development Of Nucleic Acid Diagnostics For Targeted And Non-Targeted Biosensing, Christopher William Smith
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The field of nucleic acid technology is rapidly expanding with new impactful discoveriesbeing made each year. Starting from the discovery of the double-helix structure, cloning, gene editing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CRISPR technology, and even the late mRNA vaccines; nucleic acid technology is at the forefront of improving medicine. Nucleic acid technology is extremely versatile due to its easy programmability, automated cheap synthesis, and even its catalog for numerous chemical modifications that can be used to alter structure stability. For example, the number of permutations that can be made with DNA just by altering the code for adenine (A), cytosine …
Development Of Chemical Methods For Oligonucleotide Purification, Paramagnetic Labeling And Synthesis Of Dna-Based Advanced Materials, Muhan He
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis describes a chemical method for alternative oligonucleotide purification that is non-chromatographic and gel-free and allows to routinely synthesize and purify long functional RNA strands. The purification of long RNAs is based on the bio-orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) chemistry between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (Tz). Target oligonucleotide strands are selectively tagged with Tz and can be captured and purified from the failure sequences with immobilized TCO. RNA strands are synthesized on solid support through a photolabile linker to avoid the loss of Tz tag. Purity of the isolated oligonucleotides was evaluated using gel electrophoresis, HPLC and mass …
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In addition to the traditional biochemical functions, DNA and RNA have been increasingly studied as building blocks for the formation of various 2D and 3D nanostructures. DNA has emerged as a versatile building block for programmable self-assembly. DNA-based nanostructures have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, molecular computation and macromolecular scaffolding. A variety of strategies have been developed to functionalize these nanostructures. The major advantage is that DNA is a very stable molecule and its base-pairing properties can be easily utilized to control and program the formation of desired nanostructures. In addition, some of these DNA/RNA nanostructures have …
Investigation Of The Ms2 Bacteriophage Capsid As An Mri-Capable, Brain-Targeted Nanoparticle Platform, Stephanie M. Curley
Investigation Of The Ms2 Bacteriophage Capsid As An Mri-Capable, Brain-Targeted Nanoparticle Platform, Stephanie M. Curley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Novel methods are needed to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs to specific targets in the brain. To this end, MS2 bacteriophage was explored as a multifunctional transport and targeting vector. The MS2 capsid exterior was modified with two different targeting moieties for delivery across the BBB and targeting specific regions of interest in the brain. Successful modification of MS2 capsids with a brain targeting peptide and NMDAR2D-targeting antibody was confirmed by immunoblotting and fluorescence detection. To measure transport efficiency of MS2 particles across an in vitro BBB model, a highly sensitive RT-qPCR protocol was developed and implemented. …
Novel Approaches To Mitigating Bacterial Biofilm Formation And Intercellular Communication, Stephen Kasper
Novel Approaches To Mitigating Bacterial Biofilm Formation And Intercellular Communication, Stephen Kasper
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Long thought of as solitary single-cell organisms, it is now widely accepted that bacteria can act and cooperate as social organisms. Phenomena such as biofilm formation and quorum sensing (QS) are two intimately intertwined cooperative behaviors that significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of many bacteria. Biofilms are surface associated communities of bacteria encased in a secreted extracellular matrix, which provides several advantages over an individualized lifestyle, such as increased protection from antimicrobial agents as well as enhanced opportunity for the exchange of genetic material. Bacterial QS is a system of population-based communication through the production, sensing, and response to chemical …
Detecting And Analyzing Trna Modification Systems And Homologs Using In Silico And Colorectal Cancer Models, Khadijah Onanuga
Detecting And Analyzing Trna Modification Systems And Homologs Using In Silico And Colorectal Cancer Models, Khadijah Onanuga
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
tRNA modifications can be considered epitranscriptomic signaling components that regulate translation and play integral roles in stress response pathways. As such, tRNA modification enzymes have roles in cancer etiology and potential utility as biomarkers of pathological states. For my thesis project I have used computational and wet bench approaches to study tRNA modification systems. Chapter two of my thesis deals with tRNA modification detection, as current methods are costly, time consuming, and require RNA fragmentation. I present a single-molecule-based approach for RNA modification detection, which involves in slico studies using a 5-layered graphene nanopore. Our simulations using a 1.5 nm …
Multifunctional Nanomaterials Utilizing Hybridization Chain Reaction For Molecular Diagnostics And Bioanalytical Applications, Md Muhit Rana
Multifunctional Nanomaterials Utilizing Hybridization Chain Reaction For Molecular Diagnostics And Bioanalytical Applications, Md Muhit Rana
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
DNA nanotechnology has shown great promise in molecular diagnostic, bioanalytical and biomedical applications. The great challenge of detecting target analytes, biomarkers and small molecules, in molecular diagnostics is low yield sensitivity. To address this challenge, different nanomaterials have been used for a long time and to date there is no such cost-effective bioanalytical technique which can detect these target biomarkers (DNA, RNA, circulating DNA/miRNA) or environmental heavy metal ions (Hg2+ and Ag+) in a cost-effective and efficient manner.
The Gammaturc Nanomachine Mechanism And Future Applications, Timothy Riehlman
The Gammaturc Nanomachine Mechanism And Future Applications, Timothy Riehlman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The complexity and precision of the eukaryotic cell’s cytoskeletal network is unrivaled by any man-made systems, perfected by billions of years of evolution, mastering elegant processes of self-assembly, error correction, and self-repair. Understanding the capabilities of these networks will have important and far reaching applications in human medicine by aiding our understanding of developmental processes, cellular division, and disease mechanisms, and through biomimicry will provide insights for biosynthetic manufacturing at the nanoscale and across scales. My research utilizes cross species techniques from Human to the model organism of Fission Yeast to investigate the structure and mechanisms of the g-tubulin ring …
Understanding Transcriptional Enhancement In Monoclonal Antibody-Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Sarah E. Nicoletti
Understanding Transcriptional Enhancement In Monoclonal Antibody-Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Sarah E. Nicoletti
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
With the demand for monoclonal antibody (mAB) therapeutics continually increasing, the need to better understand what makes a high productivity clone has gained substantial interest. Monoclonal antibody producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with different productivities were provided by a biopharmaceutical company for investigation. Gene copy numbers, mRNA levels, and mAb productivities were previously determined for two low producing clones and their amplified progeny. These results showed an increase in mRNA copy number in amplified clones, which correlated to the observed increases in specific productivity of these clones. The presence of multiple copies of mRNA per one copy of DNA …
Characterization Of Metallic And Semimetallic Oxide Nanoparticles In Industrial Wastewater And Associated Toxicity, Gary Roth
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) play an increasing role in manufacturing and consumer products. Currently, there is no standard approach to studying ENM toxicity, and a growing body of literature suggests that ENMs may have toxicity differing from similar compounds in bulk or dissolved form. I examined ENMs used in the semiconductor manufacturing process called chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) for their properties, removal in the wastewater treatment system (WWT), in-vitro toxicity, and location post-inhalation in-vivo. It was found that ENMs in CMP slurries have morphology determined by their elemental composition, but assessment of size and concentration can differ substantially between accepted techniques. Particles …
Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser
Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The ability of brown adipocytes (fat cells) to dissipate energy as heat shows great promise for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Employing pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on directed differentiation, may overcome many issues currently associated with primary fat cell cultures. However, brown adipocytes are difficult to transplant in vivo due to the instability of fat, in terms of necrosis and neovascularization, once injected. Thus, 3D cell culture systems that have the potential to mimic adipogenic microenvironments are needed, not only to advance brown fat implantation, but also to better understand the role of brown adipocytes …
Exposure Assessment And Risk Management Of Engineered Nanoparticles : Investigation In Semiconductor Wafer Processing, Michele Shepard
Exposure Assessment And Risk Management Of Engineered Nanoparticles : Investigation In Semiconductor Wafer Processing, Michele Shepard
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are currently used in hundreds of commercial products and industrial processes, with more applications being investigated. Nanomaterials have unique properties that differ from bulk materials. While these properties may enable technological advancements, the potential risks of ENMs to people and the environment are not yet fully understood. Certain low solubility nanoparticles are more toxic than their bulk material, such that existing occupational exposure limits may not be sufficiently protective for workers. Risk assessments are currently challenging due to gaps in data on the numerous emerging materials and applications as well as method uncertainties and limitations.
Genomic And Physical Analysis Of Rnr1-Containing Autophagosomes During Environmental Stress, Tamir Danon
Genomic And Physical Analysis Of Rnr1-Containing Autophagosomes During Environmental Stress, Tamir Danon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Physical & Genetic Analysis of Rnr1 autophagosomes during the DNA damage response
The Localized Manipulation Of The Extracellular Matrix Within 3d Collagen Cell Cultures Using A Biomems Device, Ashley N. Clark
The Localized Manipulation Of The Extracellular Matrix Within 3d Collagen Cell Cultures Using A Biomems Device, Ashley N. Clark
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Approximately 90% of all cancer related deaths can be attributed to the occurrence of metastasis. There are multiple changes that occur within the tumor microenvironment that have been correlated with the onset of metastasis. Different cell types, extracellular matrices, blood vessels, and soluble factors are some of the various components that make up the complex, heterogeneous microenvironment that exists within a tumor. The dynamic relationship between tumor cells and their surrounding environment makes it an ideal environment to study triggers of metastasis, such as the modification of the extracellular matrix. Changes in the multiple aspects of extracellular matrix composition have …
Microfluidic-Assisted Atomic Force Microscopy For The Mechanical Characterization Of Soft Biological Materials, Aaron Peter Mosier
Microfluidic-Assisted Atomic Force Microscopy For The Mechanical Characterization Of Soft Biological Materials, Aaron Peter Mosier
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Viable methods for bacterial biofilm remediation require a fundamental understanding of biofilm mechanical properties and their dependence on dynamic environmental conditions. Mechanical test data, quantifying elasticity or adhesion, may be used to perform physical modeling of biofilm behavior, thus enabling the development of novel remediation strategies. To achieve real-time, dynamic measurements of these properties, a novel analysis platform consisting of a microfluidic flowcell device has been designed and fabricated for in situ analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The flowcell consists of microfluidic channels for biofilm establishment that are then converted into an open …
Virus Capsids As Nanoscale Delivery Vessels Of Photoactive Compounds For Site-Specific Photodynamic Therapy, Brian Alexander Cohen
Virus Capsids As Nanoscale Delivery Vessels Of Photoactive Compounds For Site-Specific Photodynamic Therapy, Brian Alexander Cohen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The research presented in this work details the use of a viral capsid as an addressable delivery vessel of photoactive compounds for use in photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that involves the interaction of light with a photosensitizing molecule to create singlet oxygen, a reactive oxygen species. Overproduction of singlet oxygen in cells can cause oxidative damage leading to cytotoxicity and eventually cell death. Challenges with the current generation of FDA-approved photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy primarily stem from their lack of tissue specificity. This work describes the packaging of photoactive cationic porphyrins inside the MS2 bacteriophage capsid, followed …
Micropatterned Electrospun Nanofibrous Substrates As Scaffolds For Engineered Salivary Glands, David Alexander Soscia
Micropatterned Electrospun Nanofibrous Substrates As Scaffolds For Engineered Salivary Glands, David Alexander Soscia
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The salivary gland is a complex organ exhibiting a branching, 3-dimensional structure made up of acinar (saliva-producing), and ductal (saliva transporting and modifying) epithelial cells. The high surface area of the gland allows it to efficiently provide the mouth with saliva, maintaining oral cleanliness and comfort. Salivary gland hypofunction, a significant clinical problem often caused by the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or head and neck radiation for cancer patients, affects millions of Americans and is characterized by a loss of function of salivary gland acinar cells. Chronic xerostomia, or dry mouth, arises as a result of salivary gland hypofunction and …
The Formation And Distribution Of Hippocampal Synapses On Patterned Neuronal Networks, Natalie Michelle Dowell-Mesfin
The Formation And Distribution Of Hippocampal Synapses On Patterned Neuronal Networks, Natalie Michelle Dowell-Mesfin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT