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Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering

Railway Bridge-Track Interaction Under Elevated Temperatures, Sakdirat Kaewunruen Nov 2013

Railway Bridge-Track Interaction Under Elevated Temperatures, Sakdirat Kaewunruen

Sakdirat Kaewunruen

This paper presents the adaptability to short-term climate variability and extreme events of existing infrastructures in Australia, especially railway track bridges. The main objective of this research was to analyse the interaction between the track and bridge under elevated temperatures. The scope of work was to evaluate the behaviour of the track and bridge interaction throughout temperature ranges experienced in summer periods whereas the expansion and contraction of materials are different in nature. This investigation was emphasised on the differential longitudinal behaviours of railway track and bridge structure. A nonlinear 3D finite element model of a railway bridge (ballast top) …


How To Transition Patent Drawings Into Persuasive Courtroom Exhibits, Bernadette Marshall Jun 2013

How To Transition Patent Drawings Into Persuasive Courtroom Exhibits, Bernadette Marshall

Bernadette Marshall

We want you to get the most out of your patent drawings. In this edition we will discuss the role of patent drawings in litigation and how they can be used to create or enhance persuasive litigation graphics. Whether you are pursuing an infringer or defending your patent, drawings can help educate a judge or jury. Simple, clear and accurate images can often help you win the day. Whether deciding on what damages are appropriate or if in settlement negotiations, a well-defined patent enables the owner to negotiate for the best result possible.


International Harmonization Of Substantive Patent Law - What Does It Mean For Patent Drawings?, Bernadette Marshall May 2013

International Harmonization Of Substantive Patent Law - What Does It Mean For Patent Drawings?, Bernadette Marshall

Bernadette Marshall

Among others, the United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) is moving towards harmonizing patent standards. Many rules for patent drawings have already been revised to correspond with those of the European Patent Office (EPO) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The rule change to make computer generated drawings permissible, provided they are executed in a manner that permits clear reproduction and copying, we feel makes perfect sense.


Work To-Date On Mechanical Design For An Open Hardware Spacecraft, Jacob Brewer, Brian Badders, Josh Berk, Jeremy Straub Apr 2013

Work To-Date On Mechanical Design For An Open Hardware Spacecraft, Jacob Brewer, Brian Badders, Josh Berk, Jeremy Straub

Jeremy Straub

The OpenOrbiter CubeSat seeks to demonstrate the designs created for the Open Prototype for Educational NanoSats (OPEN) initiative. OPEN provides a set of freely available design documents that can be utilized by educational and research teams worldwide. The OPEN structure implements a different strategy than most other CubeSats, allowing it to maximize the use of the overhang space (an area of space between the supports for the frame rails and the wall in the PPOD deployer). It also provides a location for payload components or a propellant tank at the spacecraft’s center of mass. This design is enabled by a …


How Much Should You Pay For Patent Drawings?, Bernadette Marshall Apr 2013

How Much Should You Pay For Patent Drawings?, Bernadette Marshall

Bernadette Marshall

How much should you pay for patent drawings? There is no set rate or price for patent drawings because prices are set by the market. Prices vary with the complexity and timing of drawings and reference materials supplied. The highest price is no guarantee of the best quality. Those in the market for patent drawings are wise to shop for the best quality at a competitive price.


Why Patent Drawings Get Rejected Part1, Bernadette Marshall Feb 2013

Why Patent Drawings Get Rejected Part1, Bernadette Marshall

Bernadette Marshall

You may have had the misfortune to receive a drawing rejection or objection from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), or a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) rejection or other patent office rejection notice. Hopefully this will come with an invitation to correct defects in the application. Patent drawings can be part of or the entire reason for such a notice. Fortunately, many problems regarding patent drawings can be remedied. If drawings have been prepared and submitted without regard to the specific patent drawing rules, you stand a good chance that those drawings will be rejected. When this occurs, …


Mechaniczny Rozdział Faz Proj., Wojciech M. Budzianowski Jan 2013

Mechaniczny Rozdział Faz Proj., Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.


Challenges And Prospects Of Processes Utilising Carbonic Anhydrase For Co2 Separation, Patrycja Szeligiewicz, Wojciech M. Budzianowski Jan 2013

Challenges And Prospects Of Processes Utilising Carbonic Anhydrase For Co2 Separation, Patrycja Szeligiewicz, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

This article provides an analysis of processes for separation CO2 by using carbonic anhydrase enzyme with particular emphasis on reactive-membrane solutions. Three available processes are characterised. Main challenges and prospects are given. It is found that in view of numerous challenges practical applications of these processes will be difficult in near future. Further research is therefore needed for improving existing processes through finding methods for eliminating their main drawbacks such as short lifetime of carbonic anhydrase or low resistance of reactive membrane systems to impurities contained in flue gases from power plants.