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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Mechanical Engineering
Design And Validation Of A Variable, Speed-Dependent Resistance Training Method For Muscle Hypertrophy, Alvaro Andres Aracena Alvial
Design And Validation Of A Variable, Speed-Dependent Resistance Training Method For Muscle Hypertrophy, Alvaro Andres Aracena Alvial
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Muscle disorders and induced muscle atrophy impose critical risks to the well-being of an individual, limiting normal activities of daily living. Several resistance training methods have effectively reversed the progression of muscle atrophy. Weightlifting and hydrotherapy are the two widely practiced schemes for resistance training; however, there is the potential risk of excessive loads exerted on the muscles during weightlifting, and limited accessibility and cost are barriers to hydrotherapy. An alternative is using a resistance band. Some limitations include engaging multiple muscles/joints while only unidirectional resistance is feasible. To address these limitations, a VAriable Resistance Suit (VARS) was designed to …
Variational Autoencoder And Sensor Fusion For Robust Myoelectric Controls, Keith A. Currier
Variational Autoencoder And Sensor Fusion For Robust Myoelectric Controls, Keith A. Currier
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Myoelectric control schemes aim to utilize the surface electromyography (EMG) signals which are the electric potentials directly measured from skeletal muscles to control wearable robots such as exoskeletons and prostheses. The main challenge of myoelectric controls is to increase and preserve the signal quality by minimizing the effect of confounding factors such as muscle fatigue or electrode shift. Current research in myoelectric control schemes are developed to work in ideal laboratory conditions, but there is a persistent need to have these control schemes be more robust and work in real-world environments. Following the manifold hypothesis, complexity in the world can …
Audible And Subaudible Components Of The First And Second Heart Sounds Using Phonocardiography And Seismocardiography, Daniella King
Audible And Subaudible Components Of The First And Second Heart Sounds Using Phonocardiography And Seismocardiography, Daniella King
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of death in the United States, and a source of financial strain on the healthcare system. This prompts the need for new methods of low-cost, noninvasive technologies for cardiac monitoring to improve patient health and reduce healthcare costs. While the first and second heart sounds are common references that are listened to during auscultation of heart, seismocardiography (SCG) is a technology that detects chest sound vibrations with an accelerometer and may offer more information beyond the audible heart sounds. There is currently limited information regarding both the relationship between audible heart sounds …
Effects Of Exciting And Relaxing Music On Heart Rate Variability, Pratik S. Mahajan
Effects Of Exciting And Relaxing Music On Heart Rate Variability, Pratik S. Mahajan
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Heart rate variability (HRV) and music have been demonstrated to have a relationship in previous literature. The primary objective of this study is to further investigate that relationship by observing HRV during periods of listening to relaxing and exciting music and comparing the results to a baseline as well as the other condition. The secondary objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy and potential usage of the Polar H10 chest strap monitor in measuring HRV parameters. The results of the Polar H10 will be compared to the iWorx TA-220 and iWorx-ECG12, the existing gold standard in HRV and …
Optimizing Biomechanical Models: Estimation Of Muscle Tendon Parameters And Ankle Foot Orthosis Stiffness, Sepehr Ramezani
Optimizing Biomechanical Models: Estimation Of Muscle Tendon Parameters And Ankle Foot Orthosis Stiffness, Sepehr Ramezani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The complexity of the human musculoskeletal system presents challenges in accurately identifying its characteristics, particularly due to the presence of redundant actuators on a single joint. Non-invasive measures are necessary to overcome these challenges. Optimization algorithms have emerged as a crucial tool to advance subject-specific musculoskeletal modeling allows a more realistic representation of biomechanical behaviors, enhancing our understanding of human movement and enabling better clinical decision-making. Furthermore, optimization algorithms play a vital role in customizing rehabilitation and assistive devices, such as orthoses and prostheses. The current ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) stiffness measurement methods require bulky, complex designs, and often permanent modification …
Semi-Robotic Knee Arthroscopy System With Braking Mechanism, Thai Hua
Semi-Robotic Knee Arthroscopy System With Braking Mechanism, Thai Hua
Honors Undergraduate Theses
To alleviate the poor ergonomics which surgeons suffer during knee arthroscopy, a semi-robotic device with braking mechanism is created for intraoperative assistance. A slitted ball joint assembly is developed to transmit the clamping force to the arthroscope inside. Ball deformation and stress at various angles to the vertical and clamping forces is recorded through Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Contact forces between the scope and inner surfaces of the ball is also computed in FEA at different clamping forces. The von Mises stress occurring in the ball joint is under the yield stress limit for polyethylene, and there is noticeable …
Investigation Of Endothelial Mechanics On Primary Cell Functions: Endothelium Permeability And Wound Healing, Sean Beverung
Investigation Of Endothelial Mechanics On Primary Cell Functions: Endothelium Permeability And Wound Healing, Sean Beverung
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The endothelium composes the inner lining of blood vessels, the heart, and lymphatic vessels. Within the cardiovascular system, it is an extremely important structure, aiding in the regulation of blood pressure with the vascular tone, recruiting immune response, regulating the transfer of material in and out of the bloodstream, and the creation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis. The endothelium is composed entirely of endothelial cells. These cells lay in a flat squamous formation and are in direct contact with blood and aid in the regulation and transfer of material in and out of the bloodstream via active and passive …
Non-Invasive Detection Of Elevated Intracranial Pressure Using Spontaneous Tympanic Membrane Pulsation, Rajkumar Dhar
Non-Invasive Detection Of Elevated Intracranial Pressure Using Spontaneous Tympanic Membrane Pulsation, Rajkumar Dhar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) is a standard diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions such as head injury, ruptured aneurysms, intracerebral and intracranial hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus. Currently, ICP monitoring relies on invasive pressure measurements. These include intraventricular catheter, subdural screw, epidural sensor, and lumbar puncture. Invasive methods pose the risk of infection and hemorrhage, are expensive, and require special clinical skills. A noninvasive method that is reliable, simple to use, low-cost, and provides easily interpretable results can help avoid the complications associated with the invasive methods. This study proposes a novel method for noninvasive ICP monitoring using tympanic membrane pulsation (TMp). …
An Introduction To The Comparison Of Seismocardiography And Phonocardiography, Anna C. Voyatzoglou
An Introduction To The Comparison Of Seismocardiography And Phonocardiography, Anna C. Voyatzoglou
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The intent of this thesis is to lay groundwork for examining the relationship between seismocardiography (SCG) and phonocardiography (PCG). Both are methods of measuring and describing heart mechanical function. SCG is described as chest vibrations while the heart beats, and PCG is described as acoustic chest surface signal believed to represent the heart valves opening or closing. SCG and PCG have both been used separately in clinical and research settings, but there is currently no clear comparison between the two. Therefore, there has been no way at the present to understand how one signal might inform the other. This study …
Influence Of Ecm Composition And Intracellular Calcium On Endothelial Biomechanics And Prediction Of Cellular Stresses Using Machine Learning, Vignesh Aravind Subramanian Balachandar
Influence Of Ecm Composition And Intracellular Calcium On Endothelial Biomechanics And Prediction Of Cellular Stresses Using Machine Learning, Vignesh Aravind Subramanian Balachandar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Endothelial cells, which form the inner layer of the vasculature, constantly interact with their external microenvironment called the extracellular matrix (ECM) by exerting contractile cell-substrate stresses called tractions and cell-cell stresses called intercellular stresses. This cellular mechanosensing can become aberrant and act as a precursor for many vascular pathological and physiological processes such as cancer metastasis, atherosclerosis, cell differentiation, migration, and morphogenesis. Also, intracellular calcium signalling plays an important role in endothelial cell motility and in maintaining vascular tone. Alteration in ECM composition has been linked to several pathologies, in fact, a transition to a fibronectin-rich matrix from a type …
Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy And Ignition Delay Time Measurements Of Advanced Renewable Fuels At High Pressure In A Shock Tube, Erik Ninnemann
Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy And Ignition Delay Time Measurements Of Advanced Renewable Fuels At High Pressure In A Shock Tube, Erik Ninnemann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The United States government has set 2050 as the target for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions due to their increasing levels and the subsequent rise in global temperatures. To meet this target, there has been renewed interest in the combustion of high-energy biofuels that could combat these issues. Thus, the Department of Energy started the Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines program to find bioderived blendstocks that can harmonize with current and future generation engines to increase power and efficiency, all while reducing overall emissions. As part of this program, it is crucial to understand the combustion of these fuels at the …
Wind Turbine Main Bearing Fatigue Prognosis With Physics-Informed Machine Learning, Yigit Yucesan
Wind Turbine Main Bearing Fatigue Prognosis With Physics-Informed Machine Learning, Yigit Yucesan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Unexpected main bearing failure on a wind turbine causes unscheduled maintenance and increased operation costs (mainly due to crane, parts, labor, and production loss). Unfortunately, historical data indicates that failure can happen far earlier than the component designed lives (due to manufacturing problems, for example). For the legacy fleet, which composes the majority of the installed basis, fatigue has become a major issue. Although bearing fatigue can be expressed with physics-informed models, they often inherent large uncertainties due to operation and unknown lubricant degradation mechanism. Apart from the unknown physics of failure, additional uncertainties associated with the grease that surrounds …
The Mechanics And Multiphysics Of Biomimetic Discrete Exoskeleton Substrates, Hessein Ali
The Mechanics And Multiphysics Of Biomimetic Discrete Exoskeleton Substrates, Hessein Ali
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Biological structures have inspired synthetic materials with unparalleled performances such as ultra-lightweight design, tunable elasticity, camouflaging, and antifouling. Among biological structures, exoskeletal scales that cover the exterior surfaces of fishes, fur, and many reptiles. These exoskeletal scales had appeared in the earliest stages of evolution of complex multicellular life and continued their existence in spite of millions of years of evolutionary pressures. This makes them an attractive candidate for biomimicry to produce high performance multifunctional materials with applications to soft robotics, wearables, energy efficient smart skins, antifouling surfaces and on-demand tunable materials. Canonically speaking, biomimetic samples can be fabricated by …
Mechanics Of Low Dimensional Biomimetic Scale Metamaterials, Hossein Ebrahimi
Mechanics Of Low Dimensional Biomimetic Scale Metamaterials, Hossein Ebrahimi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Combination of topology and material could play an important role in giving rise to nontraditional behavior in mechanical structures and is a typical strategy in nature. Topology is concerned with the geometrical and spatial properties of the objects, which are preserved under continues mechanical deformation of the object such as stretching, bending, twisting, etc. In this work, we focus on structures based on fish scale inspired surface topology. The utilized idea for surface topology is a bioinspired design on the substrate of biological scale-covered systems. Scales are a path breaking evolutionary adaptation that accompanied vertebrate evolution for the past 500 …
Understanding Forearm Muscle Coordination In Children, Miguel Gonzalez
Understanding Forearm Muscle Coordination In Children, Miguel Gonzalez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
A combination of surface electromyography (EMG) and pattern recognition algorithms have led to improvements in the functionality of upper limb prosthetics. This method of control relies on user's ability to repeatedly generate consistent muscle contractions. Research in EMG based control of prosthesis has mainly utilized adult subjects who have fully developed neuromuscular control. Little is known about children's ability to generate consistent EMG signals necessary to control artificial limbs with multiple degrees of freedom. To address this gap, two experiments were designed to validate and benchmark an experimental protocol that quantifies the ability to coordinate forearm muscle contractions in able-bodied …
Corticomuscular Adaptation To Mechanical Perturbations In A Seated Locomotor Task, Seyed Yahya Shirazi
Corticomuscular Adaptation To Mechanical Perturbations In A Seated Locomotor Task, Seyed Yahya Shirazi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Cortical control during walking is most pronounced when the person is perturbed. Although seated locomotor tasks such as cycling or recumbent stepping improve walking performance, the electrocortical correlates of perturbed seated tasks have not been studied in detail. The primary purpose of this research was to quantify cortical and muscular responses to mechanical perturbations during recumbent stepping. We also aimed to quantify possible differences between young and older adults' responses to perturbed stepping. A secondary aim of this research was to determine the accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging to interpret the electrocortical findings adequately. We hypothesized that both young …
Seismocardiographic Signal Variability And Pulmonary Phase Detection In Adults, Md Khurshidul Azad
Seismocardiographic Signal Variability And Pulmonary Phase Detection In Adults, Md Khurshidul Azad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve disease management and patient quality of life. Current methods of evaluating cardiac function often involve history and physical examination (including stethoscope auscultation), electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiogram imaging, computed tomography, and various blood tests. Seismocardiographic signals (SCG) are the chest surface vibrations resulting from cardiomechanical activity. SCG may be recorded using accelerometers and can be used for monitoring and predicting cardiac health. SCG's potential utility may be impeded by its spatial, postural, respiratory, and longitudinal variability. In this dissertation, the SCG variability …
Seismocardiography - Genesis, And Utilization Of Machine Learning For Variability Reduction And Improved Cardiac Health Monitoring, Peshala Thibbotuwawa Gamage
Seismocardiography - Genesis, And Utilization Of Machine Learning For Variability Reduction And Improved Cardiac Health Monitoring, Peshala Thibbotuwawa Gamage
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Seismocardiography (SCG) is the measured chest surface vibrations resulting from cardiac activity. Although SCG can contain information that correlate with cardiac health, its utility may be limited by lack of understanding of the signal genesis and a variability that can mask subtle SCG changes. The current research utilized medical imaging reconstruction and finite element method (FEM) to simulate SCG by modeling the propagation of myocardial movements to the chest surface. FEM analysis provided a link between myocardial movements and the SCG signals measured at the chest surface and suggested that myocardial movement is a primary source of SCG. Increased understanding …
The Influence Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Alginate Biomaterial Scaffold Properties On The Behavior Of Breast Cancer Cells, Minh-Chau N. Le
The Influence Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Alginate Biomaterial Scaffold Properties On The Behavior Of Breast Cancer Cells, Minh-Chau N. Le
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in regulating cancer cell behavior. The tumor microenvironment describes the cancer cells, and the surrounding endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, along with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The tumor microenvironment stiffens as cancer undergoes malignant progression, providing biophysical cues that promote invasive, metastatic cellular behaviors. This project investigated the influence of three dimensional (3D) chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffold stiffness on the morphology, growth, and migration of green fluorescent protein (GFP) – transfected MDA-MB-231 (231-GFP) breast cancer (BCa) cells. The CA scaffolds were produced by the freeze casting method at three concentrations, 2 wt%, …
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Of A Novel Hybrid Comprehensive Stage Ii Operation For Single Ventricle Palliation, Marwan Hameed
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Of A Novel Hybrid Comprehensive Stage Ii Operation For Single Ventricle Palliation, Marwan Hameed
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a type of heart defect where the left ventricle is underdeveloped or not developed, resulting in only a single functioning right ventricle. Approximately 7.5% of patients with congenital heart disease are born with a single ventricle (SV) which is accompanied by a spectrum of other malformations such as atrophied ascending aorta, atrial septal defects, and ventricular septal defects (VSD). The existing three-hybrid staged surgical approach serving as a palliative treatment for this anomaly entails multiple complications and achieves a survival rate of only 50%. To reduce the trauma associated with the second stage of …
Probing The Influence Of Cx43 And Glucose On Endothelial Biomechanics, Md Mydul Islam
Probing The Influence Of Cx43 And Glucose On Endothelial Biomechanics, Md Mydul Islam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost layer of all vasculature and constantly receive both biochemical and biomechanical signals, yielding a plethora of biomechanical responses. In response to various biochemical or biomechanical cues, ECs have been documented to generate biomechanical responses such as tractions and intercellular stresses between the cell and substrate and between adjacent cells in a confluent monolayer, respectively. Thus far, the ability of endothelial tight junctions and adherens junctions to transmit intercellular stresses has been actively investigated, but the role of gap junctions is currently unknown. In addition, there is no report of the independent influence of hyperglycemia …
The Study Of An Impinging Unsteady Jet - Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer Analysis, Andrea Osorio
The Study Of An Impinging Unsteady Jet - Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer Analysis, Andrea Osorio
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The high heat transfer capabilities of impinging jets have led to their widespread use in industrial applications, such as gas turbine cooling. These impinging jets are usually manufactured on the walls of super-alloy metals and are influenced by being positioned with a confined setting. Studies have been shown to enhance the heat transfer of impinging jets by fluctuating the flow which will be analyzed in this project with two designs. The first design is a self-sustaining stationary fluidic oscillator that causes a sweeping motion jet to impinge on the surface. This is investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to study …
Mimicking Blood Rheology For More Accurate Modeling In Benchtop Research, Lindsey Webb
Mimicking Blood Rheology For More Accurate Modeling In Benchtop Research, Lindsey Webb
Honors Undergraduate Theses
To confirm computer simulations and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, benchtop experiments are needed with a fluid that mimics blood and its viscoelastic properties. Blood is challenging to use as a working fluid in a laboratory setting because of health and safety concerns. Therefore, a blood analogue is necessary to perform benchtop experiments. Viscosity is an important property of fluids for modeling and experiments. Blood is a shear thinning fluid, so it has a decreasing viscosity with higher shear rates. This project seeks to create a blood mimicking fluid for benchtop laboratory use. Numerous fluids with different combinations of water, …
Investigation Of A Self-Powered Fontan Concept Using A Multiscale Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Model, Kyle Beggs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) occurs in about 1\% (40,000) of newborn babies each year in the United States alone. About 10.9\% (960) of whom suffer from Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) - a subset of CHD where children are born with a single-ventricle (SV). A series of three surgeries are carried out to correct HLHS culminating in the Fontan procedure where venous flow returns passively to the lungs. The current configuration for the Fontan results in elevated Central Venous Pressure (CVP), inadequate ventricular preload, and elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) leading to a barrage of disease. To alleviate these complications, …
Inverse-Consistent Determination Of Young's Modulus Of Human Lung, Behnaz Seyfi Noferest
Inverse-Consistent Determination Of Young's Modulus Of Human Lung, Behnaz Seyfi Noferest
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Human lung undergoes respiration-induced deformation due to sequential inhalation and exhalation. Accurate determination of lung deformation is crucial for tumor localization and targeted radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Numerical modeling of human lung dynamics based on underlying physics and physiology enables simulation and virtual visualization of lung deformation. Dynamical modeling is numerically complicated by the lack of information on lung elastic behavior, structural heterogeneity as well as boundary constrains. This study integrates physics-based modeling and image-based data acquisition to develop the patient-specific biomechanical model and consequently establish the first consistent Young's modulus (YM) of human lung. This dissertation has …