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Achieving Carbon Efficiency In Construction And Maintenance Of Railway Turnouts, Crossovers And Diamonds, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Steve Krezo, Olivia Mirza, Yapping He, Joseph M. Sussman

Sakdirat Kaewunruen

Railway turnouts, crossovers, and diamonds are special track systems used to divert a train from a particular direction or a particular track onto other directions or other tracks. It is a structural grillage system that consists of steel rails, points, crossings, steel plates, rubber pads, insulators, fasteners, screw spikes, beam bearers (either timber, polymer, steel or concrete), ballast and formation. Usually under dynamic and high-intensity impact loading conditions, structural components of the turnout tend to have relatively short lives compared with those of ordinary open railway tracks, resulting in frequent turnout re- construction and maintenance (ranging from every 10 to …