Engineering Science and Materials Commons^™

Recent Advances In Solar Photo(Electro)Catalytic Nitrogen Fixation, Jun-Bo Ma, Sheng Lin, Zhiqun Lin, Lan Sun, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ammonia (NH₃) is an essential chemical in modern society. It is currently produced in industry by the Haber-Bosch process using H₂ and N₂ as reactants in the presence of iron-based catalysts at high-temperature (400–600 ^oC) and extremely highpressure (20–40 MPa) conditions. However, its efficiency is limited to 10% to 15%. At the same time, a large amount of energy is consumed, and CO₂ emission is inevitably. The development of a sustainable, clean, and environmentally friendly energy system represents a key strategy to address energy crisis and environmental pollution, ultimately aiming to achieve carbon neutrality. …

The Top Ten Scientific Questions In Electrochemistry, Chinese Society Of Electrochemistry

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

Rational Design Of Heterostructured Nanomaterials For Accelerating Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics In Alkaline Media, Hai-Bin Ma, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Jia-Yi Li, Hong-Fei Cheng, Ji-Wei Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

Owing to the merits of high energy density, as well as clean and sustainable properties, hydrogen has been deemed to be a prominent alternative energy to traditional fossil fuels. Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been considered to be mostly promising for achieving green hydrogen production, and has been widely studied in acidic and alkaline solutions. In particular, HER in alkaline media has high potential to achieve large-scale hydrogen production because of the increased durability of electrode materials. However, for the currently most prominent catalyst Pt, its HER kinetics in an alkaline solution is generally 2–3 orders lower than that …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

An In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study On The Interfacial Process Of Carbonate-Based Electrolyte On Nanostructured Silver Electrode, Yu Gu, Yuan-Fei Hu, Wei-Wei Wang, En-Ming You, Shuai Tang, Jian-Jia Su, Jun Yi, Jia-Wei Yan, Zhong-Qun Tian, Bing-Wei Mao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in anodes for rechargeable lithium-based battery technologies. However, a thorough understanding in the mechanisms of SEI formation and evolution remains a major challenge, hindering the rapid development and wide applications of Li-based batteries. Here, we devise a borrowing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity strategy by utilizing a size optimized Ag nanosubstrate to in-situ monitor the formation and evolution of SEI, as well as its structure and chemistry in an ethylene carbonate-based electrolyte. To ensure a reliable in-situ SERS investigation, we designed a strict air-tight Raman cell with a three-electrode configuration. Based on …

Electrochemical Performance Of Porous Ceramic Supported Tubular Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, Heng-Ji Wang, Wen-Guo Chen, Zhou-Yi Quan, Kai Zhao, Yi-Fei Sun, Min Chen, Ogenko Volodymyr

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an efficient and clean energy conversion technology that can utilize electricity obtained from renewable resources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen. The conversion of abundant intermittent energy to hydrogen energy would facilitate the efficient utilization of energy resources. SOEC is an all-ceramic electrochemical cell that operates in the intermediate to high temperature range of 500–750 ℃. Compared with traditional low temperature electrolysis technology (e.g., alkaline or proton exchange membrane cells operating at ~100 ℃), the high-temperature SOEC can increase the electrolysis efficiency from 80% to ~100%, providing …

Robust Gasification Trial Results For A Variety Of Difficult-To-Recycle Packaging-Related Materials, Bruce A. Welt

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Currently, recycling requires nearly absolute sorting of materials to accommodate the limited capabilities of existing recycling infrastructure. Whether a material is “recyclable” depends more on the method of recycling than the material itself. Our dependence upon sorting has limited success of recycling and has stifled our ability to achieve circular economy sustainability with plastic packaging materials. Our dependence upon sorting is rooted in our material-specific recycling processes. However, newer robust recycling processes are commercially available that reduce or eliminate the need to sort waste, and can convert mixed waste into primary feedstock chemicals, such as methanol for subsequent manufacture of …

Constructing Carbon-Encapsulated Nifev-Based Electrocatalysts By Alkoxide-Based Self-Template Method For Oxygen Evolution Reaction, En-Hui Ma, Xu-Po Liu, Tao Shen, De-Li Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The development of green and sustainable water-splitting hydrogen production technology is beneficial to reducing the over-reliance on fossil fuels and realizing the strategic goal of "carbon neutral". As one of the half reactions for water splitting, oxygen evolution reaction has suffered the problems of sluggish four-electron transfer process and relatively slow reaction kinetics. Therefore, exploring efficient and stable catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction is of critical importance for water-splitting technology. Metal alkoxides are a series of compounds formed by the coordination function of metal ions with alcohol molecules. Metal alkoxides possess the double advantages of organic materials and inorganic materials, …

Preparation And Electrocatalytic Performance Of Feni-Cop/Nc Bifunctional Catalyst, Si-Miao Liu, Jing-Jiao Zhou, Shi-Jun Ji, Zhong-Sheng Wen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries have gradually attracted much attention worldwide due to their high capacity, high energy density and low price. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) correspond to the charging and discharging processes in rechargeable zinc-air battery, respectively. At present, commercial Pt/C and IrO₂ catalysts hinder the large-scale application of zinc-air batteries due to low reserves, high prices and poor stability. Therefore, exploring high performance, low cost and high stability with dual functional catalysts is important for the development of rechargeable zinc-Air batteries. The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have high specific surface area, structural stability, good catalytic …

Surface Modifications Of Lini0.96Co0.02Mn0.02O2 With Tungsten Oxide And Phosphotungstic Acid, Gang Zhao, Zheng-Liang Gong, Yi-Xiao Li, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, enormous demands are made for higher energy density, better cycling performance and lower cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As an important high capacity cathode material for LIBs, the high nickel layered oxide material LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂(NCM811) can reach an energy density of 760 Wh·kg^-1. The ultra-high nickel ternary positive electrode material (LiNi_1-x-yCo_xMn_yO₂, x ≥ 0.90) has a specific capacity of more than 210 mAh·g^-1, and can realize higher energy density. Besides, an ultra-high nickel material …

Hydrophobicity Optimization Of Cathode Catalyst Layer For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Hao-Jie Chen, Mei-Hua Tang, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Hydrophobicity of the cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) crucially determines the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by affecting the transports of oxygen and liquid water. In this regard, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is usually used as a hydrophobic additive to facilitate the oxygen and water transports in CCLs. So far, there remains lacking systematic effort to optimize the addition methods of PTFE in CCLs and the mechanisms behind. In this work, the effects of the approaches for PTFE addition and the distribution of PTFE on the mass transport of oxygen and the proton conduction in CCLs were studied by using …

Investigating The Rheological Behavior Of A Simple Yield Stress Fluid Under Shear Flows, Francesco Accetta

Theses

Many soft materials display unique and complex rheological behavior characterized by a transition from a solid-like to a fluid-like state upon the application of a force that exceeds the threshold to flow, known as the yield stress. Yield stress fluids are found in a wide range of commonly encountered materials including microgels, emulsions, and foams, and have been widely studied by rheologists over the last several decades. Carbopol is a popular polymeric microgel system as it displays simple, non-thixotropic rheological behavior and is typically seen as an ideal yield stress fluid. Previous research has demonstrated the reproducible behavior of shear …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Organic Additives For Copper Electroplating Of Interconnects, Yue-Hui Zhai, Yi-Xiao Peng, Yan Hong, Yuan-Ming Chen, Guo-Yun Zhou, Wei He, Peng-Ju Wang, Xian-Ming Chen, Chong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Copper interconnects are essential to the functionality, performance, power efficiency, reliability, and fabrication yield of electronic devices. They are widely found in chips, packaging substrates and printed circuit boards, and are often produced by copper electroplating in an acidic aqueous solution. Organic additives play a decisive role in regulating copper deposition to fill microgrooves, and micro-vias to form fine lines and interlayer interconnects. Generally, an additive package consists of three components (brightener, suppressor, and leveler), which have a synergistic effect of super-filling on electroplating copper when the concentration ratio is appropriate. Many works of literature have discussed the mechanism of …

Multiscale Modeling And Gaussian Process Regression For Applications In Composite Materials, Joshua Arp

All Dissertations

An ongoing challenge in advanced materials design is the development of accurate multiscale models that consider uncertainty while establishing a link between knowledge or information about constituent materials to overall composite properties. Successful models can accurately predict composite properties, reducing the high financial and labor costs associated with experimental determination and accelerating material innovation. Whereas early pioneers in micromechanics developed simplistic theoretical models to map these relationships, modern advances in computer technology have enabled detailed simulators capable of accurately predicting complex and multiscale phenomena.

This work advances domain knowledge via two means: firstly, through the development of high-fidelity, physics-based finite …

Characterization Of Mechanically Recycled Polylactic Acid (Pla) Filament For 3d-Printing By Evaluating Mechanical, Thermal, And Chemical Properties And Process Performance, Mahsa Shabani Samghabady

All Theses

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biopolymer made from renewable resources such as sugar and corn. PLA filament is a popular material used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D-printing. While this material has many advantages, all the failed parts, support structures, rafts, nozzle tests, and the many prototype iterations during the 3D-printing process contribute to the plastic pollution and release of greenhouse gases. Although PLA is biodegradable, it can take years to degrade in landfills. Instead of throwing away PLA waste and buying new filaments, PLA can be recycled. Amongst the different recycling technologies, mechanical recycling is the most environmentally friendly. …

Band Alignments Of Metal/Oxides-Water Interfaces Using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics, Yong-Bin Zhuang, Jun Cheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Band alignments of electrode-water interfaces are of crucial importance for understanding electrochemical interfaces. In the scenario of electrocatalysis, applied potentials are equivalent to the Fermi levels of metals in the electrochemical cells; in the scenario of photo(electro)catalysis, semiconducting oxides under illumination have chemical reactivities toward redox reactions if the redox potentials of the reactions straddle the conduction band minimums (CBMs) or valence band maximums (VBMs) of the oxides. Computational band alignments allow us to obtain the Fermi level of metals, as well as the CBM and VBM of semiconducting oxides with respect to reference electrodes. In this tutorial, we describe …

Recent Progress Of Bifunctional Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Electrodes In Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells, Tian-Long Zheng, Ming-Yu Ou, Song Xu, Xin-Biao Mao, Shi-Yi Wang, Qing-Gang He

Journal of Electrochemistry

Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs), which oxidize hydrogen to water to generate electrical power under thefuel cells (FCs) mode and electrolyze water to hydrogen under the water electrolysis (WE) mode for recycling, areknown as clean and sustainable energy conversion devices. In contrast to the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) andhydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the hydrogen electrode side, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the oxygen electrode side requires highly efficient bifunctional oxygencatalysts. Conventional precious metal oxygen catalysts combine Pt and IrO₂ with excellent ORR and OER activities toachieve bifunctional electrocatalysis performance, but …

The Plastics Collection Reference Packet, Special Collections Research Center

Special Collections Research Center

This reference packet is an informational tool to support further research into the history of plastics—whether interested in companies, individuals within the plastics industry's history, historical plastics materials, essays, and more. All content featured within this packet was previously published on the former plastics.syr.edu website as part of a Syracuse University Libraries and Special Collections Research Center (SCRC) partnership established in 2007 with the Plastics Pioneers Association (PPA)—an association of plastics industry professionals interested in preserving the plastics industry's past.

Deep Euteceic Solvents-Assisted Synthesis Of Novel Network Nanostructures For Accelerating Formic Acid Electrooxidation, Jun-Ming Zhang, Xiao-Jie Zhang, Yao Chen, Ying-Jian Fan, You-Jun Fan, Jian-Feng Jia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been reported as a type of solvent for the controllable synthesis of metal nanostructures. Interestingly, flower-like palladium (Pd) nanoparticles composed of staggered nanosheets and nanospheres are spontaneously transformed into three-dimensional (3D) network nanostructures in choline chloride-urea DESs using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. Systematic studies have been carried out to explore the formation mechanism, in which DESs itself acts as a solvent and soft template for the formation of 3D flower-like network nanostructures (FNNs). The amounts of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium hydroxide also play a crucial role in the anisotropic growth and …

Fe Nanoparticles Encapsulated In N-Doped Porous Carbon For Efficient Oxygen Reduction In Alkaline Media, Chun-Yan Li, Rui Zhang, Xiao-Jie Ba, Xiao-Le Jiang, Yao-Yue Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Rational design and synthesis of non-precious-metal catalyst plays an important role in improving the activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) but remains a major challenge. In this work, we used a facile approach to synthesize iron nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (Fe@N-C) from functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, MET-6). Embedding Fe nanoparticles into the carbon skeleton increases the graphitization degree and the proportion of graphitic N as well as promotes the formation of mesopores in the catalyst. The Fe@N-C-30 catalyst showed the excellent ORR activity in alkaline solutions (E₀ = 0.97 V vs. RHE, E_{1/2 …}

P-Doped Ru-Pt Alloy Catalyst Toward High Performance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Rong-Qin Huang, Wei-Ping Liao, Meng-Xuan Yan, Shi Liu, Yuan-Ming Li, Xiong-Wu Kang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrocatalytic water splitting represents grand promise for hydrogen fuel in modern energy equipment, and the design and fabrication of higher performance catalysts are at the central. Herein, we report the sequential phosphorus (P)-doping into ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles (Ru-P/C) by thermal annealing of Ru nanoparticles in phosphine (PH₃) atmosphere and deposition of extremely low concentration of platinum (Pt) to obtain P-doped Ru-Pt alloy catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is denoted as (Ru-P)#Pt/C. The data by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the Ru nanoparticles existed in the form of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase with …

The Influence Of Heat And Mass Transfer On The Setting Rate Of Adhesives Between Porous Substrates, Mubarak Mohammed Khlewee

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The dynamic penetration of fluid into a porous media where other changes are occurring such as temperature or concentration is of interest to a number of situations. However, little experimental and theoretical analysis of this situation is found in the literature where most of the previously published works have studied the penetration with constant physical properties, where there is no change of the fluid as it enters the pores. This situation is important in the setting of adhesives in porous medium such as in the setting of hot melt and water-based adhesives in the production of paper based packaging. The …

Exploring Methods For Recycling Filament Waste In 3d Printing, Max Rios Carballo

Publications and Research

The goal of the current study is to investigate cutting-edge techniques for recycling filament waste from 3D printing procedures. Appropriate waste management techniques are required to reduce this trash's harmful environmental consequences. The goal of the project is to look at new methods for recycling filament waste in order to minimize disposal and encourage reuse. To acquire data from pertinent papers and research, a thorough literature review methodology was used. The findings show that this issue may be resolved utilizing a variety of recycling techniques, including shredding, melting, and re-extrusion. The type of filament waste and the intended goal will …

Enhancing Compatibility And Mechanical Properties Of Natural Rubber Composites, Krisma Yessi Sianturi, Adam Febriyanto Nugraha, Belle Kristaura, Mochamad Chalid

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings (JMEF)

Pure natural rubber (NR) exhibits low mechanical properties, necessitating the incorporation of additives like vulcanizing agents and fillers. Carbon black and silica, conventional fillers, are relatively expensive and not environmentally friendly. This study explores using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) fiber as an affordable, abundant, and biodegradable alternative filler for NR. However, compatibility issues arise between the nonpolar NR and the polar OPEFB fiber. A latex-starch hybrid coupling agent (CA (NR-St)) was added to the composite formulation to address this. NR, OPEFB fiber, and the coupling agent were mixed using an open roll mill with a 10 phr OPEFB …

The Study Of Corrosion On Additive-Manufactured Metals., Braydan Daniels

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the corrosion mechanisms between wrought and additive-manufactured (3D-printed) copper and stainless steel. The experimental procedure consisted of measuring the open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, Tafel analysis, surface topology, and scanning electron microscopy for each metal within salt water, tap water, sulfuric acid, and synthetic body fluid (excluding copper in synthetic body fluid).

Overall, printed stainless steel was more corrosion-resistant than wrought stainless steel in tap water and synthetic body fluid based on OCP, LSV, and surface topology results. Additionally, printed copper was more corrosion-resistant than wrought …

Beirut Arab University - Faculty Of Engineering - Newsletter Issue 0, Faculty Of Engineering, Beirut Arab University

Engineering Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Bimetallic Compound Catalysts With Multiple Active Centers For Accelerated Polysulfide Conversion In Li-S Batteries, Wu-Xing Hua, Jing-Yi Xia, Zhong-Hao Hu, Huan Li, Wei Lv, Quan-Hong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Practical applications of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are hindered mainly by the low sulfur utilization and severe capacity fading derived from the polysulfide shuttling. Catalysis is an effective remedy to those problems by promoting the conversion of polysulfides to reduce their accumulation in the electrolyte, which needs the catalyst to have efficient adsorption ability to soluble polysulfides and high activity for their conversion. In this work, we have proposed a bimetallic compound of NiCo₂S₄ anchored onto sulfur-doped graphene (NCS@SG) to fabricate a catalytic interlayer for Li-S batteries. Compared to CoS, the NiCo₂S₄ demonstrated much higher …

Advances And Challenges On Cathode Catalysts For Lithium-Oxygen Batteries, Bo Wen, Zhuo Zhu, Fu-Jun Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) with high theoretical energy density have received considerable attention over the past years. However, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at cathodes suffer from slow kinetics for large overvoltages in LOBs. Significant advances on catalysts have been achieved to accelerate cathode kinetics, but understanding on the formation/decomposition processes of Li₂O₂ is limited. Herein, this review highlights the fundamental understanding of the correlation between catalysts and formation/decomposition of Li2O2. Various types of cathode catalysts are discussed to reveal the mechanism of formation/decomposition of Li₂O₂, aiming to present the …

Anodic Electrocatalysis Of Glycerol Oxidation For Hybrid Alkali/Acid Electrolytic Hydrogen Generation, Xin Feng, Bo-Wen Liu, Ke-Xin Guo, Lin-Feng Fan, Gen-Xiang Wang, Su-Qin Ci, Zhen-Hai Wen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrolytic hydrogen production is heavily restricted by high-energy consumption majorly due to the relatively high potential of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Development of OER-alternative reaction at the anode has been recently proposed as a promising pathway to address the associated issues. In this work, we report a hybrid acid/alkali dual-electrolyte electrolyzer by coupling acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using commercial Pt/C cathode with alkaline Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation (GOR) which is implemented by developing a nickel foam (NF) supporting Co₃O₄ nanosheets anode that shows low overpotential and high selectivity toward GOR for formate production. The hybrid acid/alkali …

Highly Dispersed Pt Nanoparticles Root In Single-Atom Fe Sites In Ldhs Toward Efficient Methanol Oxidation, Qing-Cheng Meng, Lin-Bo Jin, Meng-Ze Ma, Xue-Qing Gao, Ai-Bing Chen, Dao-Jin Zhou, Xiao-Ming Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Active and durable electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction are of critical importance to the commercial viability of direct methanol fuel cell, which has already attracted growing popularities. However, current methanol oxidation electrocatalysts fall far short of expectations and suffer from excessive use of noble metal, mediocre activity, and rapid decay. Here we report the Pt anchored on NiFe-LDHs surface hybrid for stable methanol oxidation in alkaline media. Based on the high intrinsic methanol oxidation activity of Pt nanoparticles, the substrates NiFe-LDHs further enhanced anti-poisoning ability and maintained unaffected stability after 200,000 s cycle test compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst. The …