Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

A Secured Data Protocol For The Trusted Truck(R) System, Srinivasa Anuradha Bulusu

Masters Theses

Security has become one of the major concerns in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The Trusted Truck(R) System, provides an efficient wireless communication mechanism for safe exchange of messages between the moving vehicles (trucks) and the roadside inspection stations. The vehicles and the station are equipped with processing units but with different computational capabilities. To make this Trusted Truck(R) system more secure, this thesis proposes a secured data protocol which ensures data integrity, message authentication and non-repudiation. The uniqueness of the protocol is: it is cost-effective, resource-efficient and embeds itself into the Trusted Truck (R) environment without demanding any additional …

An Fpga Based Implementation Of The Exact Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, Phani Bharadwaj Vanguri

Masters Theses

Mathematical and statistical modeling of biological systems is a desired goal for many years. Many biochemical models are often evaluated using a deterministic approach, which uses differential equations to describe the chemical interactions. However, such an approach is inaccurate for small species populations as it neglects the discrete representation of population values, presents the possibility of negative populations, and does not represent the stochastic nature of biochemical systems. The Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (SSA) developed by Gillespie is able to properly account for these inherent noise fluctuations. Due to the stochastic nature of the Monte Carlo simulations, large numbers of simulations …

Concept For Next Generation Phasor Measurement: A Low-Cost, Self-Contained, And Wireless Design, Brian Ray Miller

Masters Theses

Phasor measurement is a growth technology in the power grid industry. With new funding, grid reliability concerns, and power capacity margin motivating a smart grid transformation, phasor measurement and smart metering are taking center stage as the implementation methods for grid intelligence. This thesis proposes a novel concept for designing a next generation phasor measurement unit.

The present generation phasor measurement unit relies upon venerable existing current and voltage transducer technology that is expensive, bulky, and not well suited to the modern age of digital and computerized control signals. Also, the rising proliferation of installed phasor measurement units will soon …

Design And Implementation Of A Signal Conditioning Operational Amplifier For A Reflective Object Sensor, Ankit Master

Masters Theses

Industrial systems often require the acquisition of real-world analog signals for several applications. Various physical phenomena such as displacement, pressure, temperature, light intensity, etc. are measured by sensors, which is a type of transducer, and then converted into a corresponding electrical signal. The electrical signal obtained from the sensor, usually a few tens mV in magnitude, is subsequently conditioned by means of amplification, filtering, range matching, isolation etc., so that the signal can be rendered for further processing and data extraction.

This thesis presents the design and implementation of a general purpose op amp used to condition a reflective object …

Analytical Computation Of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Modes And N-Width Approximations For The Heat Equation With Boundary Control, Tasha N. Fernandez

Masters Theses

Model reduction is a powerful and ubiquitous tool used to reduce the complexity of a dynamical system while preserving the input-output behavior. It has been applied throughout many different disciplines, including controls, fluid and structural dynamics. Model reduction via proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is utilized for of control of partial differential equations. In this thesis, the analytical expressions of POD modes are derived for the heat equation. The autocorrelation function of the latter is viewed as the kernel of a self adjoint compact operator, and the POD modes and corresponding eigenvalues are computed by solving homogeneous integral equations of the …

High Order Contingency Selection Using Particle Swarm Optimization And Tabu Search, Ashwini Chegu

Masters Theses

There is a growing interest in investigating the high order contingency events that may result in large blackouts, which have been a great concern for power grid secure operation. The actual number of high order contingency is too huge for operators and planner to apply a brute-force enumerative analysis. This thesis presents a heuristic searching method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and tabu search to select severe high order contingencies. The original PSO algorithm gives an intelligent strategy to search the feasible solution space, but tends to find the best solution only. The proposed method combines the original PSO …

Optimization Of Alternating Current Electrothermal Micropump By Numerical Simulation, Quan Yuan

Masters Theses

Microfluidic technology has been grown rapidly in the past decade. Microfluidics can find wide applications in multiple fields such as medicine, electronics, chemical and biology. Micro-pumping is an essential part of a microfluidic system. This thesis presents the optimization process of AC electro-thermal micropump with respect to the geometry of electrode array and channel height.

The thesis first introduces the theories of AC electrokinetic including dielectrophoresis, AC electro-osmosis (ACEO) and AC electro-thermal (ACET). Also presented are the basic theory and governing equations of microfluidics, the continuity equation, the Navier-Stokes equation, and the conservation of energy equation. AC electro-thermal effect results …

Design And Implementation Of Signal Processing Circuitry For Implantable Sensors, Anusha Atla

Masters Theses

Recent technological advancements in integrated circuits and medical technology have made real-time monitoring of physiological factors possible. One such important physiological factor to be measured is glucose. Continuous monitoring of glucose is extremely important for patients with diabetes as it helps make optimal treatment decisions. To enable continuous measurement, a chip containing the sensors and the electronic circuitry is implanted in the human body. This implanted chip provides for continuous measurement and helps reduce inconvenience caused to diabetic patients. A potentiostat forms an integral part of a sensor signal processing circuit. In this thesis the design and simulation of an …

A High Voltage Charge-Coupled Device (Ccd) Controller Asic For The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (Lsst), Ross F. Chun

Masters Theses

This thesis will present the design, implementation, and testing of a high voltage Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) controller ASIC for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), which will be used to study dark energy and dark matter. The LSST observatory, which includes a 3.2-gigapixel camera, will cover the entire sky every three nights by taking continuous 15-second exposures. The CCD controller ASIC, or Sensor Control Chip (SCC), will provide five CCD driver channels that are capable of generating serial or parallel clock signals for the LSST’s imaging sensors during readout mode. The SCC will also provide three programmable bias voltages for …

A Fully Integrated High-Temperature, High-Voltage, Bcd-On-Soi Voltage Regulator, Benjamin Matthew Mccue

Masters Theses

Developments in automotive (particularly hybrid electric vehicles), aerospace, and energy production industries over the recent years have led to expanding research interest in integrated circuit (IC) design toward high-temperature applications. A high-voltage, high-temperature SOI process allows for circuit design to expand into these extreme environment applications. Nearly all electronic devices require a reliable supply voltage capable of operating under various input voltages and load currents. These input voltages and load currents can be either DC or time-varying signals. In this work, a stable supply voltage for embedded circuit functions is generated on chip via a voltage regulator circuit producing a …

Mpi-Based Parallel Solution Of Sparse Linear Systems Using Chio's Condensation Algorithm And Test Data From Power Flow Analysis, Robert Bernard Armistead

Masters Theses

Solving sparse systems of linear equations permeates power system analysis. Newton-Raphson, decoupled, and fast decoupled algorithms all require the repeated solving of sparse systems of linear equations in order to capture the steady state operational conditions of the power system under test. Solving these systems of equations is usually done using LU Factorization which has an order of complexity O(n3) where n represents the number of equations in the system. The Chio’s condensation algorithm is an alternative approach, which in general has a complexity of O(n4). However, it has a straightforward formulation that can be easily implemented in a parallel …

A Comparative Study Of Capacitor Voltage Balancing Techniques For Flying Capacitor Multi-Level Power Electronic Converters, Vennela Yadhati

Masters Theses

"With the advent of multilevel converters for high power applications in industry, a need to develop simpler topologies and control techniques has arisen. The flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI) is one such topology which is gaining popularity in recent years with many advantages such as extra ride-through capabilities because of the capacitor storage, redundancy in switching states, low common mode voltage ratio, improved power quality, etc. In this thesis, different basic multilevel converter topologies and their advantages and applications are discussed. The thesis mainly focuses on single-phase five-level FCMLI topology. Different control techniques for capacitor voltage regulation like staircase modulation, …

Control And Applications Of Double Input Dc-Dc Power Electronic Converters, Venkata Anand Kishore Prabhala

Masters Theses

"Multi-input power electronic converters (MIPEC) are increasingly gaining interest in the fields of renewable energy systems and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The main advantage of MIPECs is their ability to interface several energy sources and storage devices using a single power conversion stage. Therefore, they provide simpler control and smaller parts count. In this thesis, various aspects of the utilization of double-input (DI) converters in solar and HEV applications are explored. For instance, a DI buckboost topology is proposed for a photovoltaic (PV)/battery energy system. The converter is controlled in a way that maximum power is drawn from the PV …

Implementing Frequency Regulation Capability In A Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant, Venkata Ajay Kumar Pappu

Masters Theses

"Photovoltaic power plants pose some challenges when integrated with the power grid. Today's PV plants focus on extracting the maximum power from the arrays. This makes the PV system unavailable for helping in regulating the grid frequency as compared to conventional synchronous generators. A new technique for tracking a pseudo-maximum power point for creating power reserve is presented. This will help provide fast response in injecting power to respond to rapid load changes in a manner analogous to the inertia of a rotating machine. This helps in contributing toward frequency regulation. This thesis examines the implementation of a two stage …

Graded-Index Fiber Collimator Enhanced Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer, Yinan Zhang

Masters Theses

"In this thesis, we studied a fringe visibility enhanced extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) by fusion splicing a quarter-pitch graded-index fiber (GIF) fiber to the lead-in single-mode fiber (SMF). The performance of the GIF collimator is theoretically analyzed using a ray matrix model and experimentally verified through beam divergence angle measurements. The fringe visibility of the GIF-collimated EFPI is measured as a function of the cavity length and compared with that of a regular SMF-EFPI. At the cavity length of 500µm, the fringe visibility of the GIF-EFPI is 0.8 while that of the SMF-EFPI is only 0.2. The visibility enhanced GIF-EFPI …

Reverberation Reduction In A Room For Multiple Positions, Raghavendra Ravikumar

Masters Theses

"Reverberation in a room occurs when the direct path sound from a sound source undergoes multiple reflections from the walls of the room before reaching the listener. An impulse response of the room can be measured called the room impulse response (RIR) which captures the effects of the room. This can be represented digitally on a computer. A filter is designed to cancel the effects of the room using the information in the room impulse response. This filter is called an equalization filter and is usually placed between the source signal and loudspeaker to perform the equalization. The RIR changes …

Quantification Of Channel Performance And Development And Characterization Of Small Magnetic Field Probes, Surbhi Mittal

Masters Theses

"This thesis presents a new approach to quantifying channel performance using a transmitter waveform and dispersion penalty (TWDP) with frequency domain S-parameter data. Initially TWDP was defined to characterize the performance of a transmitter in optical links. More recently its use has been extended to include the quantification of channel performance, especially in high-speed copper links. This project focused mainly on channel characterization. Instead of using the time-domain oscilloscope measurements involved in the original approach, it proposes a new method that relies on frequency-domain S-parameter data obtained either from measurements or simulations. It included a parametric study of TWDP with …

Modeling The Practical Performance Of Switched-Capacitor Converters And A Method For Automating State-Space Model Generation, Jordan M. Henry

Masters Theses

"A new modeling technique and a method for automating the modeling process are introduced for analyzing complex switched-capacitor (SC) converters. The model uses conventional circuit analysis methods to derive state-space models of each switching state. Steady-state performance is derived and expressed as an equivalent resistance. Whereas previous techniques have provided either the detailed performance of a simple SC converter or the limiting performance of a complex SC converter, this new model is flexible enough to provide detailed performance for any practical converter. Nonuniform component choices, asymmetric duty cycles, and other deviations from an ideal converter can be readily included. Dynamics …

Distributed Spatiotemporal Detection For Chemical And Biological Threats Using Human Immune Mechanisms, Yatin Bodas

Masters Theses

"Ubiquitous detection of chemical and biological (CB) threats in an urban environment using widely distributed, low-cost, broad-spectrum sensors carried by public or on vehicles is extremely desirable and pertinent for homeland security. These distributed sensors should interoperate autonomously and adaptively to meet stringent operational and detection performance requirements. This research explores the use of scalable detection methodology, inspired by the human immune mechanisms to meet these challenges. An adaptive spatiotemporal control mechanism is proposed to organize the detection behavior of spatially dispersed sensors using peer-to-peer communication so that a shorter response time, higher probability of detection and lower false alarm …

"In Situ" Printed Circuit Board Material Extraction Procedure With Conductor Surface Roughness Study, Amendra Koul

Masters Theses

"Analysis of printed circuit board (PCB) behavior in a wide frequency range from tens MHz to at least 40 GHz is very important for modern high-speed digital design and assuring for signal integrity (SI). this analysis includes preliminary evaluation of per-unit-length parameters of the PCB transmission line and transmission line characteristics, such as propagation and attenuation constants, and also extraction of these parameters from measurements on real test vehicles. This thesis describes an impedance calculator tool, which can substantially speed up PCB design, and the second topic considered in this work is characterization of dielectric parameters of substrates of printed …

Emi Suppression Of Dc-Dc Synchronous Buck Converters By Layout Optimizations And Emi Prediction Using Non-Linear And Spice Circuit Co-Simulation, Ankit Bhargava

Masters Theses

"The oscillation on the phase voltage is due to the resonant structure formed by a parasitic loop (consisting of two FETs and the input decoupling capacitors) inductance and the output capacitance of the low side FET. Therefore, it is important to minimize this parasitic loop inductance. A simulation guideline is developed on full-wave modeling and simulation of buck converter layouts to estimate the parasitic loop inductances. Furthermore, this method is taken one step further to estimate the far-field radiation from the loop. These simulations were verified on six PCB variants of the buck converter and were compared with measurements in …

Detection And Estimation Of Image Blur, Harish Narayanan Ramakrishnan

Masters Theses

"The airborne imagery consisting of infrared (IR) and multispectral (MSI) images collected in 2009 under airborne mine and minefield detection program by Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) was found to be severely blurred due to relative motion between the camera and the object and some of them with defocus blurs due to various reasons. Automated detection of blur due to motion and defocus blurs and the estimation of blur like point spread function for severely degraded images is an important task for processing and detection in such airborne imagery. Although several full reference and reduced reference methods are …

Standoff Raman Spectroscopy Detection Of Trace Explosives, Abhijeet Singh

Masters Theses

"During the 2003-present Iraq war, Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are being used extensively by the terrorists against the coalition forces and these IEDs were responsible for 40% of coalition force casualties, by the end of 2007. As these IEDs are not based on standard production formulae, their tracking and detection becomes extremely complicated. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman Spectroscopy are among the many techniques that have shown promise in detection of explosive compounds. However, the performance of these systems is dependent on the concentration of explosives and ambient noise.

The research presented in this thesis applies signal processing …

Methodology And Applications Of Electrostatic Discharge Current Reconstruction By Near-Field Scanning Technique, Wei Huang

Masters Theses

"Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can cause interference in or damage to circuits or systems in many ways e.g., by E- field or H- field coupling or via conduction paths. Although one can roughly estimate the voltage and current at the injection location during an ESD event, the real offending parameter is mostly the ESD current spreading throughout the system. Those currents can be simulated if great simplifications of the system are acceptable. However, even in moderately complex systems, the ability to simulate is limited by a lack of models and computational resources. Independent of the complexity, but obviously not free of …

Dynamic Networking For Programmable Logic Controller Communication, Richard Andrew Hardison

Masters Theses

"This thesis confronts the issue of set path communication in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). In order to increase reliability in a networked automated process, it is necessary to develop a dynamic method of communication between PLCs. Three methods for dynamic messaging in PLCs are explored in this work. These methods are based on the real-time reconfiguration of message paths when communication fails on the originally configured path. The simplest method involves replacing the original message block with an Add-On Instruction (AOI) which can accept multiple communication paths and has the ability to switch between these paths to maintain communication. A …

Doubly Fed Induction Generator With Integrated Energy Storage System For Smoothening Of Output Power, Nishant Swaraj Chouhan

Masters Theses

"Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energies in the world today. However, integration of wind power into the power system network is still confronting many challenges. One of the main challenges is the suppression of wind power fluctuations. This thesis focuses on integration of wind power with energy storage to overcome the integration challenges. The first part of this thesis investigates the suitability of energy storage systems for transmission, distribution and wind farm applications. A review on the available energy storage systems is performed considering several criteria. Efforts are made to investigate solutions that meet all the …

Prediction Of Soft Error Response Of Integrated Circuits To Electrostatic Discharge Injection Via Simulation Field; Package Interaction For Electrostatic Discharge Soft Error Prediction; Full Wave Model For Simulating Noise Ken Electrostatic Discharge Generator, Argha Nandy

Masters Theses

"In the first section, a concept for analyzing soft error response in ICs to ESD via coupling through flex cable structures is presented. Its novelty lies in accounting for the transient electromagnetic fields radiated by the ESD generator that couples to the flex cable PCB thereby causing disturbance on the IC under test. This is accomplished in three stages; first by developing a full wave model of the DUT which includes modeling the PCB and flex cable geometry and validating it in frequency domain with regard to the transfer impedance. This followed by combining the ESD generator with the DUT …

Energy-Efficient Task-Scheduling And Networking Protocols For Secure Wireless Networks, Sandeep Kolli

Masters Theses

"The performance of wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors including the available energy, energy-efficiency, data processing delay, transmission delay, routing decisions, security overhead, etc. Traditionally, due to limited resources, nodes were tasked with only collecting measurements and sending them to a base station or central unit for processing. With increased capabilities of microprocessors the data processing is pushed more toward network and its more capable nodes. This thesis focuses to virtualize the processing resources of the entire network and dynamically distribute processing steps along the routing path while optimizing performance. Additionally, a new multi-key encryption (MKE) scheme …

Full Wave Simulation Of An Electrostatic Discharge Generator Discharging In Air Discharge Mode Into A Product And Quantify Channel Performance Utilizing Novel Time Domain Convolution Method, Dazhao Liu

Masters Theses

"In the first section, it introduces a methodology to simulate the currents and fields during an air discharge ESD into a product by combining a linear description of the behavior of the DUT with a non-linear arc resistance equation. The most commonly used test standard IEC 61000-4-2 requires using contact mode discharges to metallic surfaces and air discharge mode to non-conducting surfaces. In contact mode, an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) generator is a linear system. In air discharge mode, a highly non-linear arc is part of the current loop. This paper proposes a method that combines the linear ESD generator full …

Optimal Integrator-Less Tracking Controller For Uncertain Systems, Anusha Mannava

Masters Theses

"Tracking controllers are designed to drive the system on the desired trajectory with minimum error. In real life, all systems have uncertainties such as friction, modeling inaccuracies or damage that cause the performance to deviate from the ideal response. This research is aimed at addressing the tracking problem in the optimal context and a generalized method to handle the uncertainties is proposed. In the first paper, an optimal tracking controller without an integral component is formulated for a linear system. This design can handle time varying, non-zero references and effectively alleviates the risk of 'wind up'. A neural network based …