Computer Engineering Commons^™

Itanium's New Basic Operation Of Fused Multiply-Add: Theoretical Explanation And Theoretical Challenge, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

A new Intel's 64-bit chip Itanium has a new instruction set which includes a fused multiply-add instruction x1+x2*x3. In this short article, we explain the empirical reasons behind the choice of this instruction, give possible theoretical explanation for this choice, and mention a related theoretical challenge.

An Atm System Model And Wireless Channel Simulation, Karen Dunne

Masters

Congestion in the low frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and demand for support of high bandwidth applications has prompted widespread investigations into networking technologies and communications media. Traditional networking technologies such as Ethernet that are not capable of adequately supporting high bandwidth applications (e.g. videoconferencing) are being replaced by high speed, high bandwidth technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). In the communications media market, wireless systems are becoming ubiquitous due to their ease of installation and maintenance costs. In this research, the networking technology of interest is ATM. ATM used a cell switching architecture that allows seamless support …

Strassen's Algorithm Made (Somewhat) More Natural: A Pedagogical Remark, Ann Q. Gates, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Strassen's 1969 algorithm for fast matrix multiplication is based on the possibility to multiply two 2 x 2 matrices A and B by using 7 multiplications instead of the usual 8. The corresponding formulas are an important part of any algorithms course, but, unfortunately, even in the best textbook expositions. they look very ad hoc. In this paper, we show that the use of natural symmetries can make these formulas more natural.

Digital Signal Processing Implementation For Near Real-Time Wavelet Transformation System For Binary Images, Ovidio Alfonso

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Communication has become an essential function in our civilization. With the increasing demand for communication channels, it is now necessary to find ways to optimize the use of their bandwidth. One way to achieve this is by transforming the information before it is transmitted. This transformation can be performed by several techniques. One of the newest of these techniques is the use of wavelets. Wavelet transformation refers to the act of breaking down a signal into components called details and trends by using small waveforms that have a zero average in the time domain. After this transformation the data can …

Hop Integrity In Computer Networks, Mohamed G. Gouda, E.N. Elnozahy, Chin-Tser Huang, Tommy M. Mcguire

Faculty Publications

A computer network is said to provide hop integrity iff when any router p in the network receives a message m supposedly from an adjacent router q, then p can check that m was indeed sent by q, was not modified after it was sent, and was not a replay of an old message sent from q to p. We describe three protocols that can be added to the routers in a computer network so that the network can provide hop integrity. These three protocols are a secret exchange protocol, a weak integrity protocol, and a strong integrity protocol. All …

Dynamic Data Retrieval On The World Wide Web, Dmitriy Beryoza

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Methods for accessing data on the Web have been the focus of active research over the past few years. In this thesis we propose a method for representing Web sites as data sources. We designed a Data Extractor data retrieval solution that allows us to define queries to Web sites and process resulting data sets. Data Extractor is being integrated into the MSemODB heterogeneous database management system. With its help database queries can be distributed over both local and Web data sources within MSemODB framework.

Data Extractor treats Web sites as data sources, controlling query execution and data retrieval. It …

Geombinatorics Of "Smart Dust", Edward Vidal, Luc Longpre, Vladik Kreinovich, Huang Haitao

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Smart Dust is a collection of small sensor-equipped leaves which send their information to two or more receivers. When a receiver gets a signal from a sensor, it can determine the direction from which this signal came. By combining the directions from two different receivers, we can determine the 3-D locations of all the leaves, and thus, transform their sensor readings into a 3-D picture of the corresponding parameters (temperature, moisture, etc.). The more leaves we send, the more information we gather. However, since the direction can only be measured with a certain accuracy, when we send too many leaves, …

Aerospace Applications Of Soft Computing And Interval Computations (With An Emphasis On Simulation And Modeling), Scott A. Starks, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

This paper presents a brief overview of our research in applications of soft computing and interval computations to aerospace problems, with a special emphasis on simulation and modeling.

On Approximation Of Fuzzy Sets By Crisp Sets: From Continuous Control-Oriented Defuzzification To Discrete Decision Making, Hung T. Nguyen, Witold Pedrycz, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In this paper, we show that the necessity to make crisp decisions in uncertain (fuzzy) situations leads to the necessity to "approximate" fuzzy sets by crisp sets. We show that seemingly natural approximation ideas - such as using alpha-cut for a given alpha - often do not work, and we describe new approximations which not only work, but which are optimal in some reasonable sense

Optimal Elimination Of Inconsistency In Expert Knowledge: Formulation Of The Problem, Fast Algorithms, Timothy J. Ross, Berlin Wu, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Expert knowledge is sometimes inconsistent. In this paper, we describe the problem of eliminating this inconsistency as an optimization problem, and present fast algorithms for solving this problem.

On The Optimal Choice Of Quality Metric In Image Compression A Soft Computing Approach, Hung T. Nguyen, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Liya Ding

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In a lossy compression, the reconstructed image I' differs from the original image I. In different situations, different compressions lead to different quality reconstruction, so it is important to select, in each situation, the best compression method. It's natural to select the compression method for which the average value of some quality metric d(I,I') is the smallest. Which quality metric should we choose? We show that under reasonable symmetry conditions, L^p metrics d(I,I')=integral of |I(x)-I'(x)|^p are the best, and how to compute the optimal value of p from the expected relative size of the informative part of the image.

Fuzzy Logic And Its Applications In Medicine, Nguyen Hoang Phuong, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic are a highly suitable and applicable basis for developing knowledge-based systems in medicine for tasks such as the interpretation of sets of medical findings, syndrome differentiation in Eastern medicine, diagnosis of diseases in Western medicine, mixed diagnosis of Integrated western and Eastern medicine, the optimal selection of medical treatments integrating western and eastern medicine, and for real-time monitoring of patient data etc. This was verified by trials with the following systems which were developed by our group in Vietnam: a fuzzy Expert System for Syndromes Differentiation in Oriental Traditional Medicine, an Expert System for …

Computational Complexity Of Planning And Approximate Planning In Presence Of Incompleteness, Chitta Baral, Vladik Kreinovich, Raul Trejo

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In the last several years, there have been several studies about the computational complexity of classical planning assuming that the planner has complete knowledge about the initial situation. Recently, there has been proposal to use "sensing" actions to plan in presence of incompleteness. In this paper we study the complexity of planning in such cases. In our study we use the action description language A proposed in 1991 by Gelfond and Lifschitz, and its extensions.

It is known that if we consider only plans of feasible (polynomial) length, planning - with complete information about the initial situation - in A …

Why 95% And Two Sigma? A Theoretical Justification For An Empirical Measurement Practice, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich, Chin-Wang Tao

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The probability p(k) that the value of a random variable is far away from the mean (e.g. further than k standard deviations away) is so small that this possibility can be often safely ignored. It is desirable to select k for which the dependence of the probability p(k) on the distribution is the smallest possible. Empirically, this dependence is the smallest for k between 1.5 and 2.5. In this paper, we give a theoretical explanation for this empirical result.

Extracting Fuzzy Sparse Rule Base By Cartesian Representation And Clustering, Yeung Yam, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Sparse rule base and interpolation have been proposed as possible solution to alleviate the geometric complexity problem of large fuzzy set. However, no formal method to extract sparse rule base is yet available. This paper combines the recently introduced Cartesian representation of membership functions and a mountain method-based clustering technique for extraction. A case study is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

On Representation And Approximation Of Operations In Boolean Algebras, I. R. Goodman, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Several universal approximation and universal representation results are known for non-Boolean multi-valued logics such as fuzzy logics. In this paper, we show that similar results can be proven for multi-valued Boolean logics as well.

A New Approach For Computing The Bandwidth Statistics Of Avalanche Photodiodes, Majeed M. Hayat, Guoquan Dong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A new approach for characterizing the avalanche-buildup-time-limited bandwidth of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is introduced which relies on the direct knowledge of the statistics of the random response time. The random response time is the actual duration of the APD’s finite buildup-limited random impulse response function. A theory is developed characterizing the probability distribution function (PDF) of the random response time. Recurrence equations are derived and numerically solved to yield the PDF of the random response time. The PDF is then used to compute the mean and the standard deviation of the bandwidth. The dependence of the mean and the standard …

Asymptotically Optimal Algorithms For Weather Applications Of Smart Dust, Edward Vidal, Luc Longpre, Vladik Kreinovich, Huang Haitao, Yeung Yam

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Towards Reliable Sub-Division Of Geological Areas: Interval Approach, David D. Coblentz, Vladik Kreinovich, Brian S. Penn, Scott A. Starks

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

An appropriate subdivision of a geophysical area into segments enables us to extrapolate the results obtained in some locations within the segment (where extensive research was done) to other locations within the same segment, and thus, get a good understanding of the locations which weren't thoroughly analyzed.

Often, different evidence and different experts' intuition support different subdivisions schemes. For example, in our area - Rio Grande rift zone - there is some geochemical evidence that this zone is divided into three segments, but, in the viewpoint of many researchers, this evidence is not yet sufficiently convincing.

We show that if …

On The Optimal Choice Of Quality Metric In Image Compression, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Yeung Yam

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

A New Universal Approximation Result For Fuzzy Systems, Which Reflects Cnf-Dnf Duality, Irina Perfilieva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

There are two main fuzzy system methodologies for translating expert rules into a logical formula: In Mamdani's methodology, we get a DNF formula (disjunction of conjunctions), and in a methodology which uses logical implications, we get, in effect, a CNF formula (conjunction of disjunctions). For both methodologies, universal approximation results have been proven which produce, for each approximated function f(x), two different approximating relations RDNF(x,y) and RCNF(x,y). Since in fuzzy logic, there is a known relation FCNF(x)<=FDNF(x) between CNF and DNF forms of a propositional formula F, it is reasonable to expect that we would be able to prove the existence of approximations for which a similar relation RCNF(x,y)<=RDNF(x,y) holds. Such existence is proved in our paper.

Some Practical Applications Of Soft Computing And Data Mining, Hung T. Nguyen, Nadipuram R. Prasad, Vladik Kreinovich, Habib Gassoumi

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Traditional data mining techniques mainly deal with a search for patterns in traditional databases, where data consists of numbers and words. In many application areas, however, data is more complicated: real-life data is often obtained as an image from a camera rather than a few measurements. Furthermore, this image can also change dynamically. In this paper, we present several examples of how soft computing is related to mining such data.

Aspects Of Information Flow, Andrew P. Black, Jonathan Walpole

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Along with our colleagues at the Oregon Graduate Institute and Georgia Institute of Technology, we have recently been experimenting with real-rate systems, that is, systems that are required to move data from one place to another at defined rates, such as 30 items per second. Audio conferencing or streaming video systems are typical: they are required to deliver video or audio frames from a source (a server or file system) in one place to a sink (a display or a sound generator) in another; the frames must arrive periodically, with constrained latency and jitter. We have successfully built such systems …

Application Of Control Theory To Modeling And Analysis Of Computer Systems, Molly H. Shor, Kang Li, Jonathan Walpole, David Steere, Calton Pu

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Experimentally, we show that Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)’s congestion control algorithm results in dynamic behavior similar to a stable limit cycle (attractor) when data from TCP flow into a fixed-size buffer and data is removed from the buffer at a fixed service rate. This setup represents how TCP buffers packets for transmission onto the network, with the network represented by a fixed-size buffer with a fixed service rate. The closed trajectory may vary slightly from period to period due to the discrete nature of computer systems. The size of the closed trajectory is a function of the network’s buffer size …

Multilingual Interactive Integrated Multimedia Based E-Commerce, Amol S. Chobe

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As we approach the end of the twentieth century, E-commerce is a critical force shaping the world of today and tomorrow. E-commerce have introduced a new society where people can buy freely, anywhere, at anytime, across the globe on the web. There seems to be a market for consultants and outsourcing purveyors who will take your money and put together an online business for you. These are all very different markets, however. As lot of people speak different language than English, the concept of Multilingual Technology is essential. The primary purpose of this research paper is to study the Integrated …

Computational Complexity Of Planning Based On Partial Information About The System's Present And Past States, Chitta Baral, Le Chi Tuan, Raul A. Trejo, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Planning is a very important AI problem, and it is also a very time-consuming AI problem. To get an idea of how complex different planning problems are, it is useful to describe the computational complexity of different general planning problems. This complexity has been described for problems in which planning is based on the (complete or partial) information about the current state of the system. In real-life planning, in addition to this information, we often also use the knowledge about the system's past behavior. To describe such more realistic planning situations, a special language L was developed in 1997 by …

Granularity As An Optimal Approach To Uncertainty - A General Mathematical Idea With Applications To Sleep, Consumption, Traffic Control, Learning, Etc., Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Traditional statistical and fuzzy approaches to describing uncertainty are continuous in the sense that we use a (potentially infinite) set of values from the interval [0,1] to characterize possible degrees of uncertainty. In reality, experts describe their degree of belief by using one of the finitely many words from natural language; in this sense, the actual description of expert uncertainty is granular.

In this paper, we show that in some reasonable sense, granularity is the optimal way of describing uncertainty. A similar mathematical idea explains similar "granularity" in such diverse areas as sleep, consumption, traffic control, and learning.

Integrating Domain Knowledge With Data: From Crisp To Probabilistic And Fuzzy Knowledge, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich, Leonid Reznik

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is well known that prior knowledge about the domain can improve (often drastically) the accuracy of the estimates of the physical quantities in comparison with the estimates which are solely based on the measurement results. In this paper, we show how a known method of integrating crisp domain knowledge with data can be (naturally) extended to the case when the domain knowledge is described in statistical or fuzzy terms.

The Use Of Fuzzy Measures In Pain Relief Control, Vladik Kreinovich, Nadipuram R. Prasad

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Many people suffer from a continuous strong pain which is caused solely by the malfunction of the pain mechanism itself. One way to ease their pain is to electrically stimulate the spinal cord. Since the equations of pain are not known, we must use heuristic methods to find the optimal pain relief stimulation. In this paper, we show how fuzzy measures and similar nonlinear models can be used in pain relief control: they can be used to determine the parameters of the model which describes the dependence of the pain relief on the applied stimulation. Thus, fuzzy measures lead to …

A Comment On The Shape Of The Solution Set For Systems Of Interval Linear Equations With Dependent Coefficients, Goetz Alefeld, Vladik Kreinovich, Guenter Mayer, Michael Huth

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

This article is a short supplement to our previously published paper, in which we prove that each semialgebraic set can be represented as a projection of a solution set of some system of linear equations with dependent coefficients. The new results says that interval occurring can be chosen as narrow as wanted. This new result is proven by a simple linear transformation.