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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering
Poster: Indoor Navigation For Visually Impaired People With Vertex Colored Graphs, Pei Du, Nirupama Bulusu
Poster: Indoor Navigation For Visually Impaired People With Vertex Colored Graphs, Pei Du, Nirupama Bulusu
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Visually impaired people face many daily encumbrances. Traditional visual enhancements do not suffice to navigate indoor environments. In this paper, we explore path finding algorithms such as Dijkstra and A* combined with graph coloring to find a safest and shortest path for visual impaired people to navigate indoors. Our mobile application is based on a database which stores the locations of several spots in the building and their corresponding label. Visual impaired people select the start and destination when they want to find their way, and our mobile application will show the appropriate path which guarantees their safety.
Privacy-Preserving Information Security For The Energy Grid Of Things, Mohammed Alsaid, Nirupama Bulusu, Abdullah Bargouti, N. Sonali Fernando, John M. Acken, Tylor E. Slay, Robert B. Bass
Privacy-Preserving Information Security For The Energy Grid Of Things, Mohammed Alsaid, Nirupama Bulusu, Abdullah Bargouti, N. Sonali Fernando, John M. Acken, Tylor E. Slay, Robert B. Bass
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Smart grid infrastructure relies on information exchange between multiple actors in order to ensure system reliability. These actors include but are not limited to smart loads, grid control, and energy management technologies. As information exchange between these actors is susceptible to cyber-attacks, security and privacy issues are indispensable to ensure a reliable and stable grid. This position paper proposes a privacy-preserving, trust-augmented secure scheme for a smart grid implementation.
A Graph-Based Approach To Boundary Estimation With Mobile Sensors, Sean Onufer Stalley, Dingyu Wang, Gautam Dasarathy, John Lipor
A Graph-Based Approach To Boundary Estimation With Mobile Sensors, Sean Onufer Stalley, Dingyu Wang, Gautam Dasarathy, John Lipor
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
We consider the problem of adaptive sampling for boundary estimation, where the goal is to identify the two dimensional spatial extent of a phenomenon of interest. Motivated by applications in estimating the spread of wildfires with a mobile sensor, we present a novel graph-based algorithm that is efficient in both the number of samples taken and the distance traveled. The key idea behind our approach is that by sampling locations close to known cut edges (edges whose vertices lie on opposite sides of the boundary), we can reliably find additional cut edges. Our approach repeats this process of using the …
A Golden Age For Computing Frontiers, A Dark Age For Computing Education?, Christof Teuscher
A Golden Age For Computing Frontiers, A Dark Age For Computing Education?, Christof Teuscher
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
There is no doubt that the body of knowledge spanned by the computing disciplines has gone through an unprecedented expansion, both in depth and breadth, over the last century. In this position paper, we argue that this expansion has led to a crisis in computing education: quite literally the vast majority of the topics of interest of this conference are not taught at the undergraduate level and most graduate courses will only scratch the surface of a few selected topics. But alas, industry is increasingly expecting students to be familiar with emerging topics, such as neuromorphic, probabilistic, and quantum computing, …
A Time-Efficient Cmos-Memristive Programmable Circuit Realizing Logic Functions In Generalized And-Xor Structures, Muayad Aljafar, Marek Perkowski, John M. Acken, Robin Tan
A Time-Efficient Cmos-Memristive Programmable Circuit Realizing Logic Functions In Generalized And-Xor Structures, Muayad Aljafar, Marek Perkowski, John M. Acken, Robin Tan
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper describes a CMOS-memristive Programmable Logic Device connected to CMOS XOR gates (mPLD-XOR) for realizing multi-output functions well-suited for two-level {NAND, AND, NOR, OR}-XOR based design. This structure is a generalized form of AND-XOR logic where any combination of NAND, AND, NOR, OR, and literals can replace the AND level. For mPLD-XOR, the computational delay, which is measured as the number of clock cycles, equals the maximum number of inputs to any output XOR gate of a function assuming that the number of XOR gates is large enough to calculate the outputs of the function simultaneously. The input levels …
Memcapacitive Devices In Logic And Crossbar Applications, Dat Tran, Christof Teuscher
Memcapacitive Devices In Logic And Crossbar Applications, Dat Tran, Christof Teuscher
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Over the last decade, memristive devices have been widely adopted in computing for various conventional and unconventional applications. While the integration density, memory property, and nonlinear characteristics have many benefits, reducing the energy consumption is limited by the resistive nature of the devices. Memcapacitors would address that limitation while still having all the benefits of memristors. Recent work has shown that with adjusted parameters during the fabrication process, a metal-oxide device can indeed exhibit a memcapacitive behavior. We introduce novel memcapacitive logic gates and memcapacitive crossbar classifiers as a proof of concept that such applications can outperform memristor-based architectures. The …
A Backend Framework For The Efficient Management Of Power System Measurements, Benjamin Mccamish, Rich Meier, Jordan Landford, Robert B. Bass, David Chiu, Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
A Backend Framework For The Efficient Management Of Power System Measurements, Benjamin Mccamish, Rich Meier, Jordan Landford, Robert B. Bass, David Chiu, Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Increased adoption and deployment of phasor measurement units (PMU) has provided valuable fine-grained data over the grid. Analysis over these data can provide insight into the health of the grid, thereby improving control over operations. Realizing this data-driven control, however, requires validating, processing and storing massive amounts of PMU data. This paper describes a PMU data management system that supports input from multiple PMU data streams, features an event-detection algorithm, and provides an efficient method for retrieving archival data. The event-detection algorithm rapidly correlates multiple PMU data streams, providing details on events occurring within the power system. The event-detection algorithm …
Computational Capacity And Energy Consumption Of Complex Resistive Switch Networks, Jens Bürger, Alireza Goudarzi, Darko Stefanovic, Christof Teuscher
Computational Capacity And Energy Consumption Of Complex Resistive Switch Networks, Jens Bürger, Alireza Goudarzi, Darko Stefanovic, Christof Teuscher
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Resistive switches are a class of emerging nanoelectronics devices that exhibit a wide variety of switching characteristics closely resembling behaviors of biological synapses. Assembled into random networks, such resistive switches produce emerging behaviors far more complex than that of individual devices. This was previously demonstrated in simulations that exploit information processing within these random networks to solve tasks that require nonlinear computation as well as memory. Physical assemblies of such networks manifest complex spatial structures and basic processing capabilities often related to biologically-inspired computing. We model and simulate random resistive switch networks and analyze their computational capacities. We provide a …
Semi-Modular Delay Model Revisited In Context Of Relative Timing, Hoon Park, Anping He, Marly Roncken, Xiaoyu Song
Semi-Modular Delay Model Revisited In Context Of Relative Timing, Hoon Park, Anping He, Marly Roncken, Xiaoyu Song
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
A new definition of semi-modularity to accommodate relative timing constraints in self-timed circuits is presented. While previous definitions ignore such constraints, the new definition takes them into account. The difference on a design solution for a well-known speed-independent circuit implementation of the Muller C element and a set of relative timing constraints that renders the implementation hazard free is illustrated. The old definition produces a false semi-modularity conflict that cannot exist due to the set of imposed constraints. The new definition correctly accepts the solution.
Modular Timing Constraints For Delay-Insensitive Systems, Hoon Park, Anping He, Marly Roncken, Xiaoyu Song, Ivan Sutherland
Modular Timing Constraints For Delay-Insensitive Systems, Hoon Park, Anping He, Marly Roncken, Xiaoyu Song, Ivan Sutherland
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper introduces ARCtimer, a framework for modeling, generating, verifying, and enforcing timing constraints for individual self-timed handshake components. The constraints guarantee that the component’s gate-level circuit implementation obeys the component’s handshake protocol specification. Because the handshake protocols are delayinsensitive, self-timed systems built using ARCtimer-verified components are also delay-insensitive. By carefully considering time locally, we can ignore time globally. ARCtimer comes early in the design process as part of building a library of verified components for later system use. The library also stores static timing analysis (STA) code to validate and enforce the component’s constraints in any self-timed system built …
Ballot Mark Detection, Elisa H. Barney Smith, Daniel Lopresti, George Nagy
Ballot Mark Detection, Elisa H. Barney Smith, Daniel Lopresti, George Nagy
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Optical mark sensing, i.e., detecting whether a "bubble" has been filled in, may seem straightforward. However, on US election ballots the shape, intensity, size and position of the marks, while specified, are highly variable due to a diverse electorate. The ballots may be produced and scanned by poorly maintained equipment. Yet near-perfect results are required. To improve the current technology, which has been subject to criticism, components of a process for identifying marks on an optical sense ballot are evaluated. When marked synthetic ballots are compared to an unmarked ballot, the absolute difference of adaptive thresholded images gives best detection …
Finite-Difference Time Domain Method For Nonorthogonal Unit-Cell Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals, Wan Kuang, Woo J. Kim, John D. O'Brien
Finite-Difference Time Domain Method For Nonorthogonal Unit-Cell Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals, Wan Kuang, Woo J. Kim, John D. O'Brien
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based on a regular Cartesian Yee’s lattice is developed for calculating the dispersion band diagram of a 2-D photonic crystal. Unlike methods that require auxiliary difference equations or nonorthogonal grid schemes, our method uses the standard centraldifference equations and can be easily implemented in a parallel computing environment. The application of the periodic boundary condition on an angled boundary involves a split-field formulation of Maxwell’s equations. We show that the method can be applied for photonic crystals of both orthogonal and nonorthogonal unit cells. Complete and accurate bandgap information is obtained by using this FDTD …
An Emotional Mimicking Humanoid Biped Robot And Its Quantum Control Based On The Constraint Satisfaction Model, Quay Williams, Scott Bogner, Michael Kelley, Carolina Castillo, Martin Lukac, Dong Hwa Kim, Jeff S. Allen, Mathias I. Sunardi, Sazzad Hossain, Marek Perkowski
An Emotional Mimicking Humanoid Biped Robot And Its Quantum Control Based On The Constraint Satisfaction Model, Quay Williams, Scott Bogner, Michael Kelley, Carolina Castillo, Martin Lukac, Dong Hwa Kim, Jeff S. Allen, Mathias I. Sunardi, Sazzad Hossain, Marek Perkowski
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
The paper presents a humanoid robot that responds to human gestures seen by a camera. The behavior of the robot can be completely deterministic as specified by a Finite State Machine that maps the sensor signals to the effector signals. This model is further extended to the constraints-satisfaction based model that links robots vision, motion, emotional behavior and planning. One way of implementing this model is to use adiabatic quantum computer which quadratically speeds-up every constraint problem and will be thus necessary to solve large problems of this type. We propose to use the remotely-connected Orion system by DWAVE Corporation.
Evolvable Reconfigurable Hardware Framework For Edge Detection, Nader I. Rafla
Evolvable Reconfigurable Hardware Framework For Edge Detection, Nader I. Rafla
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Systems on Reconfigurable Chips contain rich resources of logic, memory, and processor cores on the same fabric. This platform is suitable for implementation of Evolvable Reconfigurable Hardware Architectures (ERHA). It is based on the idea of combining reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) along with genetic algorithms (GA) to perform the reconfiguration operation. This architecture is a suitable candidate for implementation of early-processing stage operators of image processing such as filtering and edge detection. However, there are still fundamental issues need to be solved regarding the on-chip reprogramming of the logic. This paper presents a framework for implementing an evolvable …
Real-Time 3d Image Visualization System For Digital Video On A Single Chip, Nader I. Rafla
Real-Time 3d Image Visualization System For Digital Video On A Single Chip, Nader I. Rafla
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Implementation of a real-time image visualization system on a reconfigurable chip (FPGA) is proposed. The system utilizes an innovative stereoscopic image capture, processing and visualization technique. Implementation is done as a two stage process. In the first stage, the stereo pair is captured using two image sensors. The captured images are then synchronized and sent to the second stage for fusion. A controller module is developed, designed, and placed on the FPGA for this purpose. The second stage is used for reconstruction and visualization of the 3D image. An innovative technique employing dual-processor architecture on the same single FPGA is …
Novel Slurry Solutions For Thick Cu Cmp, Peter A. Miranda, Jerome A. Imonigie, Aaron L. Erbe, Amy J. Moll
Novel Slurry Solutions For Thick Cu Cmp, Peter A. Miranda, Jerome A. Imonigie, Aaron L. Erbe, Amy J. Moll
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Electro-plating methods currently used to deposit Cu in through-wafer interconnect applications result in the formation of a thick Cu layer with large amounts of topographical variation. In this paper, alternative methods for thick Cu removal are investigated using a two-step slurry CMP approach.
Text Degradations And Ocr Training, Elisa H. Barney Smith, Tim Andersen
Text Degradations And Ocr Training, Elisa H. Barney Smith, Tim Andersen
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Printing and scanning of text documents introduces degradations to the characters which can be modeled. Interestingly, certain combinations of the parameters that govern the degradations introduced by the printing and scanning process affect characters in such a way that the degraded characters have a similar appearance, while other degradations leave the characters with an appearance that is very different. It is well known that (generally speaking) a test set that more closely matches a training set will be recognized with higher accuracy than one that matches the training set less well. Likewise, classifiers tend to perform better on data sets …
Interaction Effects Of Slurry Chemistry On Chemical Mechanical Planarization Of Electroplated Copper, Peter A. Miranda, Jerome A. Imonigie, Amy J. Moll
Interaction Effects Of Slurry Chemistry On Chemical Mechanical Planarization Of Electroplated Copper, Peter A. Miranda, Jerome A. Imonigie, Amy J. Moll
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Recent studies have been conducted investigating the effects of slurry chemistry on the copper CMP process. Slurry pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration are two important variables that must be carefully formulated in order to achieve desired removal rates and uniformity. In applications such as throughwafer vertical interconnects, slurry chemistry effects must be thoroughly understood when copper plating thicknesses can measure up to 20 microns thick. The species of copper present on the surface of the wafer can be controlled through formulation of the slurry chemistry resulting in minimizing non-uniformity while aggressively removing copper. Using a design of experiments (DOE) approach, …
Estimating Degradation Model Parameters From Character Images, Hok S. Yam, Elisa H. Barney Smith
Estimating Degradation Model Parameters From Character Images, Hok S. Yam, Elisa H. Barney Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper discusses the use of character images to determine the parameters of an image degradation model. The acute angles in character images provide information used to find the model parameters. Three experiments are conducted to evaluate the use of characters. In the first experiment, large quantities of corners from character images are used to investigate how their contribution affects the mean and the standard deviation of the parameter estimators. In the second experiment, we focus on the relationship between the angles of the corners used in estimation and the estimation results. In the last experiment, we examine how likely …
Rules For A Cellular Automaton To Model Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata, Teresa Cole, John C. Lusth
Rules For A Cellular Automaton To Model Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata, Teresa Cole, John C. Lusth
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Quantum-dot cellular automata are one of several new device architectures whose operation is based on local interactions, much like cellular automata. We have implemented several rule sets for a cellular automaton that could be used to model the behavior of quantum-dot cellular automata and used them to test most of the wire and gate configurations proposed for these devices. Arrangements of cells for which any particular cell has neighbors which are not adjacent to each other generally behave as expected. Unfavorable arrangements of cells such as those with bends and crosses tend to either have incorrect outputs or be unstable …
Scanner Parameter Estimation Using Bilevel Scans Of Star Charts, Elisa H. Barney Smith
Scanner Parameter Estimation Using Bilevel Scans Of Star Charts, Elisa H. Barney Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Scanning a high contrast image in bilevel mode results in image degradation. This is caused by two primary effects: blurring and thresholding. This paper expands on a method of estimating a joint distortion parameter, called the edge spread, from a star sector test chart in order to calculate the values of the point spread function width and binarization threshold. This theory is also described for variations in the source pattern which can represent degradations caused by repetition of the bilevel process as would be seen in printing then scanning, or in repeated photocopying. Estimation results are shown for the basic …
Constructive Induction Machines For Data Mining, Marek Perkowski, Stanislaw Grygiel, Qihong Chen, Dave Mattson
Constructive Induction Machines For Data Mining, Marek Perkowski, Stanislaw Grygiel, Qihong Chen, Dave Mattson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
"Learning Hardware" approach involves creating a computational network based on feedback from the environment (for instance, positive and negative examples from the trainer), and realizing this network in an array of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Computational networks can be built based on incremental supervised learning (Neural Net training) or global construction (Decision Tree design). Here we advocate the approach to Learning Hardware based on Constructive Induction methods of Machine Learning (ML) using multivalued functions. This is contrasted with the Evolvable Hardware (EHW) approach in which learning/evolution is based on the genetic algorithm only.