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Articles 1 - 30 of 100
Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering
A Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm And Its Application To The Multiobjective Fet Modeling Problem, Ufuk Özkaya, Fi̇li̇z Güneş
A Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm And Its Application To The Multiobjective Fet Modeling Problem, Ufuk Özkaya, Fi̇li̇z Güneş
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper introduces a modified particle swarm algorithm to handle multiobjective optimization problems. In multiobjective PSO algorithms, the determination of Pareto optimal solutions depends directly on the strategy of assigning a best local guide to each particle. In this work, the PSO algorithm is modified to assign a best local guide to each particle by using minimum angular distance information. This algorithm is implemented to determine field-effect transistor (FET) model elements subject to the Pareto domination between the scattering parameters and operation bandwidth. Furthermore, the results are compared with those obtained by the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. FET models are …
Forecasting Natural Gas Consumption In İstanbul Using Neural Networks And Multivariate Time Series Methods, Ömer Fahretti̇n Demi̇rel, Seli̇m Zai̇m, Ahmet Çalişkan, Pinar Özuyar
Forecasting Natural Gas Consumption In İstanbul Using Neural Networks And Multivariate Time Series Methods, Ömer Fahretti̇n Demi̇rel, Seli̇m Zai̇m, Ahmet Çalişkan, Pinar Özuyar
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The fast changes and developments in the world's economy have substantially increased energy consumption. Consequently, energy planning has become more critical and important. Forecasting is one of the main tools utilized in energy planning. Recently developed computational techniques such as genetic algorithms have led to easily produced and accurate forecasts. In this paper, a natural gas consumption forecasting methodology is developed and implemented with state-of-the-art techniques. We show that our forecasts are quite close to real consumption values. Accurate forecasting of natural gas consumption is extremely critical as the majority of purchasing agreements made are based on predictions. As a …
A Hybrid Approach For Power Quality Monitoring, Okan Özgönenel, Ümi̇t Kemaletti̇n Terzi̇, Abdesh Khan
A Hybrid Approach For Power Quality Monitoring, Okan Özgönenel, Ümi̇t Kemaletti̇n Terzi̇, Abdesh Khan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents a novel hybrid approach for detection of power quality (PQ) disturbances. The proposed hybrid algorithm is based on applications of principle component analysis, discrete wavelet transform, and fast Fourier transform on voltage and current waveforms. The proposed PQ monitoring (PQM) software uses 3-phase voltage and current signals in order to detect possible power disturbances such as voltage sag, flicker, harmonics, transients, DC component, and electromagnetic interference. The test results demonstrate the potential of the proposed hybrid technique for PQM andPQ assessment.
Localized Power-Aware Routing With An Energy-Efficient Pipelined Wakeup Schedule For Wireless Sensor Networks, Taner Çevi̇k, Abdül Hali̇m Zai̇m, Derya Yiltaş
Localized Power-Aware Routing With An Energy-Efficient Pipelined Wakeup Schedule For Wireless Sensor Networks, Taner Çevi̇k, Abdül Hali̇m Zai̇m, Derya Yiltaş
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Depending on the evolutions in electronics, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been very popular in many areas of human life such as health, industry, and military. This popularity has drawn the attention of many researchers toward WSNs. WSNs are especially favorable in conditions in which it is physically difficult and dangerous for human beings to gather information. Therefore, the lifetime of those networks must be as long as possible, since it would also be infeasible to replace the energy-depleted sensors with new ones, as they may be deployed in such geographical areas that are difficult and dangerous for human beings …
Broken Rotor Bar Fault Detection In Inverter-Fed Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Using Stator Current Analysis And Fuzzy Logic, Mehmet Akar, İlyas Çankaya
Broken Rotor Bar Fault Detection In Inverter-Fed Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Using Stator Current Analysis And Fuzzy Logic, Mehmet Akar, İlyas Çankaya
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents the implementation of broken rotor bar fault detection in an inverter-fed induction motor using motor current signal analysis (MCSA) and prognosis with fuzzy logic. Recently, inverter-fed induction motors have become very popular because of their adjustable speed drive. They have been used in many vital control applications such as rolling mills, variable speed compressors, pumps, and fans. The condition monitoring of these motors can significantly reduce the cost of maintenance in the early detection of faults. In this study, MCSA is applied to an inverter-fed induction motor to detect broken rotor bar faults. The diagnosis of a …
Adaptive Optimization Of Edca Parameters For Improved Qos In Multi-Media Applications, Alparslan Çi̇l, Mehmet Akar, Emi̇n Anarim
Adaptive Optimization Of Edca Parameters For Improved Qos In Multi-Media Applications, Alparslan Çi̇l, Mehmet Akar, Emi̇n Anarim
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) has been incorporated into the standard as an effective medium access mechanism in order to provide the desired QoS for multimedia applications such as VoIP and IPTV. This paper presents an adaptive optimization algorithm in EDCA which strives to provide improved QoS from both delay and throughput perspectives. As a first step towards this goal, a Markov model of the EDCA mechanism has been introduced, which is subsequently used to compute the estimates of throughput and delay. Based on the analytical model that is validated via real-time simulations in OPNET, a new algorithm …
Hybrid Mpi+Upc Parallel Programming Paradigm On An Smp Cluster, Zeki̇ Bozkuş
Hybrid Mpi+Upc Parallel Programming Paradigm On An Smp Cluster, Zeki̇ Bozkuş
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) cluster system, which consists of shared memory nodes with several multicore central processing units connected to a high-speed network to form a distributed memory system, is the most widely available hardware architecture for the high-performance computing community. Today, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) is the most widely used parallel programming paradigm for SMP clusters, in which the MPI provides programming both for an SMP node and among nodes simultaneously. However, Unified Parallel C (UPC) is an emerging alternative that supports the partitioned global address space model that can be again employed within and across the nodes …
A Robust Adaptive Fuzzy Control Of A Unified Power Flow Controller, Sebaa Morsli, Allaoui Tayeb, Denai Mouloud, Chaker Abdelkader
A Robust Adaptive Fuzzy Control Of A Unified Power Flow Controller, Sebaa Morsli, Allaoui Tayeb, Denai Mouloud, Chaker Abdelkader
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper investigates the control of a unified power flow controller (UPFC) to improve the stability of a power system, hence providing security under increased power flow conditions. The proposed control methods include a direct proportional and integral (PI) controller and an adaptive fuzzy logic controller (AFLC). The performances of these controllers were evaluated under different operating conditions of the power system and the results demonstrated that PI and AFLC are very effective in improving the transient power system stability and very robust against variable transmission line parameters.
Lyapunov's Direct Method For Stabilization Of The Furuta Pendulum, Türker Türker, Haluk Görgün, Gali̇p Cansever
Lyapunov's Direct Method For Stabilization Of The Furuta Pendulum, Türker Türker, Haluk Görgün, Gali̇p Cansever
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents a novel stabilization result for the Furuta pendulum for a large region of attraction including almost all of the upper half plane. The solution is obtained via constructing a Lyapunov function after set of coordinate changes. Then, a set of differential equations are solved to achieve asymptotic stability which is proved in accordance with La Salle's invariance principle. The effectiveness of the proposed stabilization method is illustrated with simulation studies.
A Video Encoder Design Combining Edge-Adaptive Lifting And Scalable Block-Matching With Motion Compensation, Sedat Telçeken, Ömer Nezi̇h Gerek
A Video Encoder Design Combining Edge-Adaptive Lifting And Scalable Block-Matching With Motion Compensation, Sedat Telçeken, Ömer Nezi̇h Gerek
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This study aimed to achieve video compression by using a novel lifting-based hybrid encoder that also uses motion compensation. The proposed encoder separates video frames into temporal groups, within which certain frames are selected for producing temporal and spatial predictions over the rest of the frames. The predictions utilize spatiotemporal lifting together with motion compensation. The combination of spatial information with temporal changes is inspired from the idea of edge-adaptive lifting, which alters prediction directions in images. A further incorporation of well-known block-matching methods with different levels was observed to improve the performance. To provide the first compression results, unpredicted …
A Comparative Study Of Blind And Nonblind Trainings In A Single-Carrier Wimax (Ieee 802.16-2004) Radio, Ali̇ Özen
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Experimental and theoretical bit error rate performance evaluations of blind and nonblind training techniques are obtained by using a single-carrier WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) radio for high-order quadrature amplitude modulation channels. Instead of using a certain type of channel profile, this study concentrates on true frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels and also evaluates the fast fading scenario of Rayleigh channels in a real-time WiMAX radio environment around 3.5 GHz. The popular least mean squares (LMS) learning algorithm and constant modulus learning algorithm (CMA) are used as benchmarks in an investigation of nonblind and blind trainings, namely recursive least squares (RLS), modified-CMA, normalized-CMA, …
Load Sharing Based On Moving Roles In Multiagent Systems, Şebnem Bora, Ali̇ Murat Ti̇ryaki̇, Oğuz Di̇kenelli̇
Load Sharing Based On Moving Roles In Multiagent Systems, Şebnem Bora, Ali̇ Murat Ti̇ryaki̇, Oğuz Di̇kenelli̇
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper, we present a load-sharing approach based on the refactoring of agents. According to our approach, the role(s) that makes an agent overloaded is identified and transferred to less loaded agents. The excess workload of this heavily loaded agent is then transferred to the new agent. This approach defines a new agent, called the ``monitor agent,'' which monitors the workload of agents in the organization and decides about the refactoring of the agents. The monitor agent uses the platform ontology, which explicitly describes the components of the agent organization, including agents and their roles, plans, and workloads. This …
Fuzzy Logic Control For A Wind/Battery Renewable Energy Production System, Onur Özdal Mengi̇, İsmai̇l Hakki Altaş
Fuzzy Logic Control For A Wind/Battery Renewable Energy Production System, Onur Özdal Mengi̇, İsmai̇l Hakki Altaş
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this study, a designed proportional-integral (PI) controller and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) that fix the voltage amplitude to a constant value of 380 V and 50 Hz for loads supplied from a wind/battery hybrid energy system are explained and compared. The quality of the power produced by the wind turbine is affected by the continuous and unpredictable variations of the wind speed. Therefore, voltage-stabilizing controllers must be integrated into the system in order to keep the voltage magnitude and frequency constant at the load terminals, which requires constant voltage and frequency. A fuzzy logic-based controller to be used …
Training Data Optimization For Anns Using Genetic Algorithms To Enhance Mppt Efficiency Of A Stand-Alone Pv System, Ahmet Afşi̇n Kulaksiz, Ramazan Akkaya
Training Data Optimization For Anns Using Genetic Algorithms To Enhance Mppt Efficiency Of A Stand-Alone Pv System, Ahmet Afşi̇n Kulaksiz, Ramazan Akkaya
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to force photovoltaic (PV) modules to operate at their maximum power points for all environmental conditions. In artificial neural network (ANN)-based algorithms, the maximum power points are acquired by designing ANN models for PV modules. However, the parameters of PV modules are not always provided by the manufacturer and cannot be obtained readily by the user. Experimental measurements implemented in the overall PV system may be used to obtain the ANN dataset. One drawback of this method is that the generalization ability of the neural network usually degrades and some data reducing …
Neutral Current Wave Shape Analysis Using Wavelet For Diagnosis Of Winding Insulation Of A Transformer, Patthi Sridhar, Birendra Prasad Singh, Pulapa Venkata Kanaka Rao
Neutral Current Wave Shape Analysis Using Wavelet For Diagnosis Of Winding Insulation Of A Transformer, Patthi Sridhar, Birendra Prasad Singh, Pulapa Venkata Kanaka Rao
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Insulation failure within the windings of a power transformer arises due to over voltages, under voltages, notches, glitches, etc. A widely used technique to detect these power transformer insulation failures during an impulse test is the comparison of neutral current waveforms. Any shift in the recorded waveforms between reduced and full voltage confirms the existence of a fault in the windings. Hence, a proper analysis of neutral current waveforms is necessary to assess the condition of the insulation of power transformer winding. In order to carry out a wave shape analysis, a 61 MVA, 11.5/230 kV generator transformer is used …
Finite Element Modeling Of A Superconducting Fault Current Limiter, Lale Ergene, J. Keith Nelson, Raghunath Parthasarathi
Finite Element Modeling Of A Superconducting Fault Current Limiter, Lale Ergene, J. Keith Nelson, Raghunath Parthasarathi
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper summarizes the work done to show finite element modeling results on a high temperature superconductor fault current limiter (FCL). The paper also gives the small mock-up design of the matrix FCL and its finite element model (FEM). It also discusses the limitations of the FEM and explains how the results from the FEM compare with the experimental data derived for the configuration. A 3-dimensional FEM has been used because of the structure of the real geometry, which does not show any plane or axisymmetric features.
Improvement Of Smart Card Based Password Authentication Scheme For Multiserver Environments, Zuowen Tan
Improvement Of Smart Card Based Password Authentication Scheme For Multiserver Environments, Zuowen Tan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In multiserver (MS) environments, it is preferable for a remote user to login to different service provider servers by keying in the same password. Recently, Wang et al. proposed an improvement on the dynamic identity-based smart card authentication scheme of Liao and Wang for MS environments. Sandeep et al. improved the dynamic identity-based smart card authentication scheme of Hsiang et al. for MS architecture. However, we found that the schemes of Wang et al. and Sandeep et al. failed to provide service provider server authentication, perfect forward security, and login scalability. In addition, the scheme of Sandeep et al. was …
Characterization Of A Total Power Radiometer, Murat Celep, Şenel Yaran, Yakup Gülmez, Ari̇f Dolma
Characterization Of A Total Power Radiometer, Murat Celep, Şenel Yaran, Yakup Gülmez, Ari̇f Dolma
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The performance parameters of a total power radiometer designed as a noise measurement system for the frequency range of 12-18 GHz were investigated. The total power radiometer included a low-noise radio frequency section, a narrow-band intermediate frequency section, an average power detector, and a symmetric microwave switch. The radiometer's stability versus time was 0.343 \times 10^{-5} mW/h and its stability against temperature fluctuation was 0.0035 mW/K. The temperature fluctuation of the radiometer was less than 4 mK. We proved that there was no need for active temperature control to obtain stable radiometer gain.
An Algorithm For The Detection And Analysis Of Arud Meter In Diwan Poetry, Atakan Kurt, Mehmet Kara
An Algorithm For The Detection And Analysis Of Arud Meter In Diwan Poetry, Atakan Kurt, Mehmet Kara
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Diwan poetry is an important branch of classical Turkish literature (or Ottoman literature) that uses arud meter (wazn AR\footnote{Denotes an Arabic word.} or bahr AR, ölçü TR\footnote{Denotes a Turkish word.}). The teaching of classical poetry in high schools and in literature departments in universities requires an understanding of this meter. Arud is also used in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and other eastern languages. Determining the arud meter of poems written in the Ottoman language (Osmanlıca TR) is a difficult and tedious task for those who study poetry. In this paper, we focus on the computerized analysis of arud meter. We present …
Vibration Analysis Of Base Structure On Sins Using Pzt Actuators, Bin Zheng, Jianfeng Yang
Vibration Analysis Of Base Structure On Sins Using Pzt Actuators, Bin Zheng, Jianfeng Yang
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
A steel plate bonded with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuators was studied on the basis of finite element methods (FEMs). The damping amplitudes of this plate bonded with PZT actuators were obtained at different locations and under different control conditions by analyzing the distribution of the PZT plate's strain tensor in the first 4 modes. Furthermore, to reduce the unwanted disturbance and mitigate the errors from sensors, a base structure of the missile's strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is also proposed. The results show that the vibration control can be enhanced by increasing the number of the PZT actuators bonded. …
Optimal In Vitro Realization Of Pulsatile Coronary Artery Flow Waveforms Using Closed-Loop Feedback Algorithms With Multiple Flow Control Devices, Serdar Yilmaz, Onur Toker, Nurullah Arslan, Herman Sedef
Optimal In Vitro Realization Of Pulsatile Coronary Artery Flow Waveforms Using Closed-Loop Feedback Algorithms With Multiple Flow Control Devices, Serdar Yilmaz, Onur Toker, Nurullah Arslan, Herman Sedef
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper, we study optimal in vitro realization of pulsatile coronary artery flows using newly proposed closed-loop feedback algorithms with a clearly defined mathematical performance objective, and we compare several flow control device technologies in terms of their ability to generate pulsatile flow signals as accurately as possible. In the literature, there are several published results for in vitro pulsatile flow realization systems. However, most of the proposed systems operate in an open-loop setting and use a single flow control device, and their performance is assessed mostly by graphical means without a clearly defined mathematical performance objective. Furthermore, some …
Application Of The Posicast Control Method To Static Shunt Compensators, Amir Ghorbani, Siamak Masoudi, Arash Shabani
Application Of The Posicast Control Method To Static Shunt Compensators, Amir Ghorbani, Siamak Masoudi, Arash Shabani
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper, the Posicast control method is used for decreasing the reactive power oscillations of static shunt compensators. Shunt compensators such as the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static VAR compensator (SVC) are considered to be FACTS devices. The applied control method decreases the amount of oscillations in the outputs of STATCOM and SVC considerably, with fast damping. In this paper, a PI controller is added to the model to decrease the sensitivity of the Posicast controller to the parameter variations and plant model mismatch. Simplicity and applicability are the main features of this controller. The model is simulated …
A Pseudo Spot Price Of Electricity Algorithm Applied To Environmental Economic Active Power Dispatch Problem, Celal Yaşar
A Pseudo Spot Price Of Electricity Algorithm Applied To Environmental Economic Active Power Dispatch Problem, Celal Yaşar
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this study, an environmental economic active power dispatch problem is transformed into an optimization problem with a single-objective function by applying the weighted sum method (WSM) and the conic scalarization method (CSM). A pseudo spot price of electricity algorithm (PSPA) is used to solve the transformed problem. This is demonstrated on an example problem, which is a lossy electrical power system having only thermal units The WSM and CSM methods are applied to the example problem, and the weight factor values of these methods is increased from 0 to 1 by a step size of 0.1. For each possible …
Pi And Pid Stabilization Of Neutral And Retarded Systems With Time Delay, Serdar Ethem Hamamci
Pi And Pid Stabilization Of Neutral And Retarded Systems With Time Delay, Serdar Ethem Hamamci
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Stabilization using fixed-order controllers is one of the key topics in control system design for the linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. In this paper, the stabilization of LTI neutral and retarded time-delay systems by means of PI and PID controllers is investigated in detail. The basic theme of the presented approach is to obtain a global stability region in the 2-dimensional (2-D) (k_p, k_i)-plane for the PI controller and in the 3-dimensional (3-D) (k_p, k_i, k_d)-space for the PID controllers. This region is formed by stability boundaries that are defined as the real root boundary, infinite root boundary, and complex root …
Analysis And Characterization Of Longitudinal Flux Single-Sided Linear Switched Reluctance Machines, Lenin Chokkalingam, Arumugam Rengasamy
Analysis And Characterization Of Longitudinal Flux Single-Sided Linear Switched Reluctance Machines, Lenin Chokkalingam, Arumugam Rengasamy
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs) have recently gained more popularity for propulsion drives. This paper contributes a certain design improvement to reduce the force ripple in LSRMs. By affixing a pole cap in the stator pole, the target is achieved. Finite element analysis has been carried out to predict the performance of the basic and proposed structures. Motor performances for different load conditions are simulated. The application of fast Fourier transform has been utilized to envisage the vibration frequencies. The experimental results are well correlated with the predicted results.
Identification Of Linear Dynamic Systems Using The Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, Özden Erçi̇n, Ramazan Çoban
Identification Of Linear Dynamic Systems Using The Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, Özden Erçi̇n, Ramazan Çoban
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents an investigation into the development of system identification using the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. A system identification task can be formulated as an optimization problem where the objective is to obtain a model and a set of parameters that minimize the prediction error between the measured plant outputs and the model outputs. The most common existing system identification approaches, such as the recursive least squares method and autoregressive exogenous method, are substantially analytical and based on a mathematical derivation of the system's model. Evolutionary computation, which seems to be a very promising approach, is an alternative …
Dynamic Stability Enhancement Of A Multimachine Electric Power System Using Statcom, Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni, Reza Hemmati, Sayed Mojtaba Shirvani Boroujeni
Dynamic Stability Enhancement Of A Multimachine Electric Power System Using Statcom, Hasan Fayazi Boroujeni, Reza Hemmati, Sayed Mojtaba Shirvani Boroujeni
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
With the expansion of electric power systems, the size and complexity of the network is increased. One of the most important drawbacks of network expansion is the reduction in the damping torque of the whole system. The lack of damping torque can lead to fluctuations and instability in the power system. With regard to this problem, power system stabilizers (PSSs) have been widely utilized to improve power system stability. However, due to some drawbacks of the conventional PSSs, the need for finding a better substitution still remains. Therefore, in this paper, the application of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to …
Considering Transmission Loss For An Economic Dispatch Problem Without Valve-Point Loading Using An Ep-Epso Algorithm, Sevugarathinam Muthu Vijaya Pandian, Keppanagowder Thanushkodi
Considering Transmission Loss For An Economic Dispatch Problem Without Valve-Point Loading Using An Ep-Epso Algorithm, Sevugarathinam Muthu Vijaya Pandian, Keppanagowder Thanushkodi
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Economic dispatch (ED) is one of the most important optimization problems in a power system. The objective of ED is sharing the power demand among the online generators while keeping the minimum cost of generation as a constraint. The aim of this paper is to operate an electric power system as economically as possible within its security limits. This paper proposes the following 2 new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to solve a nonconvex economic dispatch problem: an efficient PSO is termed as efficient particle swarm optimization (EPSO), and a hybrid of evolutionary programming (EP) and EPSO is termed as …
Performance Comparison Of New Nonparametric Independent Component Analysis Algorithm For Different Entropic Indexes, Yusuf Sevi̇m, Ayten Atasoy
Performance Comparison Of New Nonparametric Independent Component Analysis Algorithm For Different Entropic Indexes, Yusuf Sevi̇m, Ayten Atasoy
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Most independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms use mutual information (MI) measures based on Shannon entropy as a cost function, but Shannon entropy is not the only measure in the literature. In this paper, instead of Shannon entropy, Tsallis entropy is used and a novel ICA algorithm, which uses kernel density estimation (KDE) for estimation of source distributions, is proposed. KDE is directly evaluated from the original data samples, so it solves the important problem in ICA: how to choose nonlinear functions as the probability density function (pdf) estimation of the sources.
Compact Dual-Band Split-Ring Antenna For 2.4/5.2 Ghz Wlan Applications, Siddik Cumhur Başaran
Compact Dual-Band Split-Ring Antenna For 2.4/5.2 Ghz Wlan Applications, Siddik Cumhur Başaran
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents a compact dual-band printed antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN applications. The radiating elements of the proposed antenna are composed of rectangular split-ring elements and metallic loadings placed appropriately between the rings. The antenna size is very compact (22 \times 26 \times 1.6 mm), and it can be integrated easily with other RF front-end circuits. It is demonstrated that the proposed antenna can completely cover the required bandwidths of IEEE 802.11b (2.4-2.484 GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15-5.35 GHz) with satisfactory radiation characteristics. Analysis and design of the proposed antenna was carried out with the Ansoft highfrequency structure simulator. …