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Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering

Cpn-Dam Business Meeting, Amanda Harlan Nov 2016

Cpn-Dam Business Meeting, Amanda Harlan

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

CPN-DAM Business Meeting

Wednesday, November 16, 2016

3:55pm - 4:55pm CST

Agenda

3:55-4:05pm Introduction

4:05-4:10pm Announce Executive Committee members for 2017-2018

4:10-4:25pm Reports from the Planning and Design Committees

4:25-4:40pm Report from Ad Hoc Executive Committee

  • Summary of what was accomplished in 2016

  • Action Items for 2017

    • Become a nonprofit corporation

    • Finalize membership and fees

    • Set up standing committees

    • 2017 conference and proceedings

    • Contacting vendor/sponsors/organizations for possible sponsorship

4:40-4:45pm Announcement on whether the CPN-DAM bylaws were approved or not approved

4:45-4:50pm Comments from audience

4:50-4:55pm Closing statements


Developing An Outreach Plan For Unt Scholarly Works, Pamela Andrews, Daniel Alemneh Nov 2016

Developing An Outreach Plan For Unt Scholarly Works, Pamela Andrews, Daniel Alemneh

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

The University of North Texas Scholarly Works collections functions as our institution’s open access repository. This summer, we conducted a preliminary analysis of the collection’s holdings to assess our progress in archiving UNT faculty research in support of our Open Access and Long-term Digital Stewardship policy as passed in 2012. As we do not subscribe to any current research information systems (CRIS), this analysis took the form of a census using current faculty senate data to understand who is and is not contributing to the repository. After looking at our contribution population, we also examined what resource types are contributed …


Beyond Electric Dreams: Instituting A Dam Program Where It Is Needed But Maybe Not Wanted, Gregory Johnson Nov 2016

Beyond Electric Dreams: Instituting A Dam Program Where It Is Needed But Maybe Not Wanted, Gregory Johnson

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

Digital content is created every second of everyday and can be found everywhere. And the need to preserve this content, as well as the have it available to your students, patrons, or faculty and staff is at a premium while budgets for DAM dwindle. And while the need and want for DAM is often there, the drive and funds to make it a reality sometimes is not.

This presentation will cover one such DAM implementation project at a Fortune 500 company, beginning with the vetting and purchasing of a DAM system through implementation and show how the lessons from its …


Mommma: Master Objects Migration And Metadata Mapping Activity, Daniel W. Noonan, Darnelle O. Melvin Nov 2016

Mommma: Master Objects Migration And Metadata Mapping Activity, Daniel W. Noonan, Darnelle O. Melvin

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

So you’ve got nearly 2 million digital files from 8 collecting units with minimum, scattered or unknown metadata—how do you prepare to migrate those objects into a digital preservation repository that acts as a “light archive” providing access to your digital collections? This presentation will delve into data wrangling efforts, the creation of workflows, and the challenges encountered while preparing digital resources for migration from a limited access FTP server into a preservation environment created in FEDORA, layered with Hydra heads for access and other functional requirements. We will discuss project planning, the de-duplication efforts, development of a collection assessment …


Quick-Start Guide To Digital Preservation For Audio, Sandy Rodriguez Nov 2016

Quick-Start Guide To Digital Preservation For Audio, Sandy Rodriguez

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

This presentation focuses on practical strategies and use of open-source tools in order to establish “good enough” preservation management practices for digital audio files. Using her experience at the Marr Sound Archives, University of Missouri—Kansas City, the presenter will discuss assessing current practices, identifying gaps, prioritizing, making recommendations, and selecting and implementing a suite of open-source tools to improve the preservation process. Tools demonstrated in the presentation are AVPreserve’s BWF MetaEdit, MDQC, and Fixity.


Digital Preservation Efforts At Usm, Elizabeth La Beaud Nov 2016

Digital Preservation Efforts At Usm, Elizabeth La Beaud

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

The University of Southern Mississippi (USM) has steadily been working to improve its digital preservation infrastructure over the past four years. In 2013, with funding from a NEH Preservation Assistance Grant, consultants Tom Clareson and Liz Bishoff conducted a digital preservation readiness assessment and jump started USM’s education on the topic. Since then, USM has added geographically distributed backups, manual fixity checks, manual metadata logs, and manual file format migrations to its arsenal with varying degrees of success. The influx in needed manpower and technical infrastructure precipitated a financial commitment from the university and the purchase of a robust digital …


3d Model Creation And Management In An Academic Digital Repository, Marcia Mcintosh Nov 2016

3d Model Creation And Management In An Academic Digital Repository, Marcia Mcintosh

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

3D printing and scanning is new digital horizon for digital asset managers. Many fields have a history of utilizing 3D scanning and printing such as medicine, dentistry, art, entertainment, architecture, and archaeology. Now, many cultural heritage institution are also beginning to explore the unique benefits 3D models and prints can provide to constituents interested in their collections. The University of North Texas Digital Libraries embarked on a case study to gain a better understanding of 3D scanning and to determine its capacity to host and provide access to 3D models. This presentation will explore the workflows, metadata, and preservation of …


Common Management Gaps In The Life Cycle Of Digitized Objects, Jocelyn Wehr Nov 2016

Common Management Gaps In The Life Cycle Of Digitized Objects, Jocelyn Wehr

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

Presented from the perspective of someone responsible for creating the digital objects that will eventually be included in a digital preservation program, this poster session will identify common issues that make the management and preservation of digital objects more challenging. Digital preservation needs to be talked about within the digitization workflow, because it takes a lot of work to produce the best digital objects possible. We are often focused on the immediate use of the digital objects and less focused on their long-term use. Even with best practices in mind, there is often an immediate need (patron orders, for example) …


Numbers, Numbers, Numbers—Is It Working?! Meaningful Measurement Of Digital Collections, Allison Ringness Nov 2016

Numbers, Numbers, Numbers—Is It Working?! Meaningful Measurement Of Digital Collections, Allison Ringness

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

After a digital project is completed and made available online, the work is not over: digital projects managers must quantify the value of these digital collections. There are a plethora of tools to measure usage, but inferring value from usage requires careful interpretation of the data. After interpretation, the results must be communicated effectively to administrators. This poster will identify sources of digital collection use data, identify pitfalls in these sources, explore ways to derive meaning from use data, and suggest strategies for communicating value measurements to library administrators.

This poster presentation is the first 15 minutes of video with …


Collaborating Across Workflows: Managing Creative Assets From Legacy Works, Patrice-Andre Prud'homme, Jennifer Hunt Johnson Nov 2016

Collaborating Across Workflows: Managing Creative Assets From Legacy Works, Patrice-Andre Prud'homme, Jennifer Hunt Johnson

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

From the perspective of two distinct workflows, this presentation will illustrate how library departments, Digital Collections and Conservation collaborate on the production of digital assets. In essence, both digitization and analog preservation workflows aim to guarantee that collections are easily retrieved and usable. This case study will illustrate two examples. The first one is more linear yet regional; it aims to create digital assets to engage the community by means of crowdsourced transcription. The second one is hands-on, as it addresses the long-term research value of the physical material for use in classrooms by Special Collections. While these workflows may …


Eyes On The Prize: Delivering Archival Content With Synchronized Transcripts In Hydra, Irene Taylor, Shannon Davis Nov 2016

Eyes On The Prize: Delivering Archival Content With Synchronized Transcripts In Hydra, Irene Taylor, Shannon Davis

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

Regarded as the definitive work on the Civil Rights Movement, the documentary series, Eyes on the Prize, has been seen by millions since its PBS debut in 1987. However, what remains unseen is the nearly 85 hours of interview outtakes that provide further insight into the series’ original stories of struggle, resistance, and perseverance. Through the Eyes on the Prize Digitization and Reassembly project, funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, Washington University Libraries has made the complete, never-before-seen interviews and TEI XML encoded, synchronized transcripts freely accessible through its newly developed Hydra digital repository.

This session …


The Yellow Brick Road To Digitization: Two Small Kansas Colleges And Their Journey, Gloria Creed-Dikeogu, Danielle Dion Nov 2016

The Yellow Brick Road To Digitization: Two Small Kansas Colleges And Their Journey, Gloria Creed-Dikeogu, Danielle Dion

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

In 2015, The Council of Independent Colleges (CIC) offered small private academic member colleges an opportunity to compete by writing collection proposals, for a three year grant digitizing teaching and research collections, funded by the Andrew C. Mellon Foundation. Forty-two CIC member teams were selected to participate in the Consortium on Digital Resources for Teaching and Research. Teams consisted of a librarian, and a faculty member, who worked with CIC and Artstor staff, using Artstor Shared Shelf to digitize proposed collections. Teams made digital collections accessible and usable in the classroom, wrote yearly project reports for CIC and attended yearly …


The James Merrill Digital Archive: Channeling The Collaborative Spirit(S), Shannon Davis, Joel Minor Nov 2016

The James Merrill Digital Archive: Channeling The Collaborative Spirit(S), Shannon Davis, Joel Minor

Central Plains Network for Digital Asset Management

The James Merrill Papers, housed in Washington University Libraries Special Collections, contains manuscripts, drafts, and other materials from the renowned poet. In 2013, work began to digitize and deliver a selection of the Merrill Papers towards his epic poem, The Book of Ephraim. Because the Libraries’ already used Omeka digital exhibit software for a number of projects, the materials were delivered in an Omeka exhibit, The James Merrill Digital Archive. The process of transforming an archival collection into a digital exhibit required the expertise and input of many collaborators including library staff in Special Collections and Scholarly Publishing, and students …


Learning And Practicing Data Analytics Using Sap In-Memory Computing, Hong G. Jung, Vincent L. Mitchell, Jihoon Park, Sam Chung Oct 2016

Learning And Practicing Data Analytics Using Sap In-Memory Computing, Hong G. Jung, Vincent L. Mitchell, Jihoon Park, Sam Chung

ASA Multidisciplinary Research Symposium

The analysis and organization of Big Data is becoming important in the business industry. Using and understanding ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software to interpret Big Data is essential to the evolution of Information System Technology. This research on SAP HANA and SAP Lumira allows us the opportunity to explore.


Fire-Spotting Modelling And Parametrisation For Wild-Land Fires, Inderpreet Kaur, Gianni Pagnini Jul 2016

Fire-Spotting Modelling And Parametrisation For Wild-Land Fires, Inderpreet Kaur, Gianni Pagnini

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

This article describes a mathematical formulation for simulating the effects of firebrands on the propagation of the wild-land fires. Among the different approaches available in literature, this formulation is defined in a way to provide a versatile approach for application to operational wildfire models. Most of the operational wildfire models like WRF-SFIRE and ForeFire model only the evolution of the fire-line according to the definition of the rate of spread, fuel characterisation and the average fire properties and concurrent atmospheric conditions. But this information is not enough to simulate the effects of turbulence and fire-spotting. The formulation presented here can …


A Generator Of Landuse Application For Complex And Heterogeneous Agricultural Practices, Odile Leccia-Phelpin, Jean-Marie Lescot, Françoise Vernier Jul 2016

A Generator Of Landuse Application For Complex And Heterogeneous Agricultural Practices, Odile Leccia-Phelpin, Jean-Marie Lescot, Françoise Vernier

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Non-point source pollution from agriculture has become a major concern for water managers and institutional stakeholders. To reduce diffuse pollution, agricultural conservation measures are widely used with efficiency. On non-monitored territories environmental modelling enables the assessment of their long term impacts on water and soils and to evaluate land-use change scenarios. We developed an innovative Generator of Landuse (GenLU) application in order to build up multi-year spatial crop successions from identified crop rotations with their related management schedule s. GenLU can be used solely for generating landuse or coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model so as …


Water Supply System Classification For Water Quality Improvement, Bruno Melo Brentan, Gustavo Meirelles Lima, Edevar Luvizotto Junior, Joaquín Izquierdo, Rafael Pérez-García Jul 2016

Water Supply System Classification For Water Quality Improvement, Bruno Melo Brentan, Gustavo Meirelles Lima, Edevar Luvizotto Junior, Joaquín Izquierdo, Rafael Pérez-García

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Universal access to drinkable water is a constitutional right guaranteed in Brazil. However, not all cities in this country are able to supply the population with the expected quality. Important actions should be taken to improve the supply of drinkable water. To define a strategic plan for this purpose, classification tools can facilitate the design of plans, by grouping cities with similar quality conditions. During the last decades, neural network approaches have been used in environmental models, allowing more accurate representation of some complex systems. This work proposes the use of self-organizing maps (SOM’s) coupled with the k-means algorithm …


Optimal Land Use?! – A Review On Optimization Techniques Used In Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Andrea Kaim, Anna Cord, Martin Volk Jul 2016

Optimal Land Use?! – A Review On Optimization Techniques Used In Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Andrea Kaim, Anna Cord, Martin Volk

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Agriculture, forest management, conservation planning and other related disciplines have specific land use demands, and thus different perspectives on how land should be used in an “optimal way”. One way to solve arising land use conflicts is employing the ecosystem services concept together with methods from the field of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Especially optimization techniques provide the possibility to include socio-economic and ecological aspects as well as the protection of biodiversity. In this study, we give an overview of these methods, focusing especially on their application in agricultural areas. We explore their abilities for the identification of ecosystem service …


Data-Driven Wildfire Behaviour Modelling: Application Of Firefly To Field-Scale Grassland Controlled Burns, M. C. Rochoux, C. Zhang, D. Lucor, S. Ricci, A. Trouve Jul 2016

Data-Driven Wildfire Behaviour Modelling: Application Of Firefly To Field-Scale Grassland Controlled Burns, M. C. Rochoux, C. Zhang, D. Lucor, S. Ricci, A. Trouve

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Assessing epistemic uncertainties is now considered as a milestone for improving numerical predictions of a dynamically evolving system. The objective of this project is to demonstrate the benefits of data assimilation combined with sensor observations of the fire front position to both quantify and reduce the uncertainties in wildfire behaviour forecasting capability. The challenges found on the route to modelling wildfire behaviour are two-fold. There is the modelling challenge associated with providing accurate representations of the multi-scale multi-physics processes governing wildfire dynamics. There is also the data challenge associated with providing accurate estimates of the environmental conditions (biomass moisture, near-surface …


Atlas: A Tool To Model Spatial-Temporal Dynamics Of Processes Influencing Ecosystem Services, Hugo Thierry, Aude Vialatte, Claude Monteil, Annie Ouin Jul 2016

Atlas: A Tool To Model Spatial-Temporal Dynamics Of Processes Influencing Ecosystem Services, Hugo Thierry, Aude Vialatte, Claude Monteil, Annie Ouin

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Biodiversity provides various benefits to humankind throughout what is defined as ecosystem services. Within a specific ecosystem, a wide range of ecosystem services can be identified. During the past decades, human intervention has aimed to increase some services such as food production through agricultural intensification, at the expense of other services such as water regulation. Mapping, evaluating and quantifying each of these ecosystem services provided by biodiversity to crop production could help to increase the multi-functionality of agricultural landscapes. In this context, we developed a spatially-explicit model called ATLAS (AgriculTural LandscApe Simulator). ATLA …


Understanding The Relationships Between Sanitation And Health In Nicaragua And Honduras, Through Data Mining Tools, Ginevra Marina Lazerini, Josep Nualart, Sergio Ruiz-Cayuela, Maialen Urbina, Miquel Sànchez Marrè, Karina Gibert Jul 2016

Understanding The Relationships Between Sanitation And Health In Nicaragua And Honduras, Through Data Mining Tools, Ginevra Marina Lazerini, Josep Nualart, Sergio Ruiz-Cayuela, Maialen Urbina, Miquel Sànchez Marrè, Karina Gibert

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The aim of this work is to analyze water and sanitation supply data from Nicaragua and Honduras by using different data mining tools. The data has been provided by SIASAR (Rural Water and Sanitation Information System), which is a water and sanitation management and information platform created through the joint effort of different Central American Governments and the World Bank. In the study data from a survey performed in all the rural communities in Nicaragua and in a sample of the rural communities in Honduras from 2012 to 2015 is analyzed. Database contains 10206 communities described by 23 numerical variables …


Resilience Of Punta S’Aliga Barrier Beach To Storm Impacts, Andrea Sulis Jul 2016

Resilience Of Punta S’Aliga Barrier Beach To Storm Impacts, Andrea Sulis

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Beach and dune provide natural defense against erosion and flooding, and associated mitigation measures are classical coastal engineering problems studied by many researchers. Winter storms cause severe erosion leading to dune breaching and then flooding of the hinterland areas. Resiliency of a barrier beach depends on the ability of the dune (resistor) to recover in height and extent following storms. Whereas erosion of the beach and dune occurs over hours and days, it can be years to decades before the beach and dune are able to recover to their pre-storm state. In the last two decades, numerical modelling methods have …


The Economics Of Agricultural Water Productivity In The Blue Nile, Imeshi Weerasinghe, James Booker, Wim Bastiaanssen, Lisa-Marie Rebelo, Ann Van Griensven Jul 2016

The Economics Of Agricultural Water Productivity In The Blue Nile, Imeshi Weerasinghe, James Booker, Wim Bastiaanssen, Lisa-Marie Rebelo, Ann Van Griensven

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Agricultural Water Productivity (AWP) is often simplified as the ‘crop per drop’, described as the output in terms of yield or biomass per unit of water input. This purely physical measure of Water Productivity (WP) using only a single factor input (water) does not consider: (1) the level of other inputs used in conjunction with water, (2) the opportunity cost of water as an input, (3) the value of the output and (4) the costs of production for different crops. This study presents a justification and methodology for incorporating these factors into WP indicators. The application of these extensions to …


E3.Pt – An E3 Portabledyme Model For Portugal, Anett Großmann, Frank Hohmann Jul 2016

E3.Pt – An E3 Portabledyme Model For Portugal, Anett Großmann, Frank Hohmann

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

E3 models are environmentally extended economic models. They are extensively used for impact assessment of energy, climate and resource policies at national and international level. E3 models have proven to be suitable tools for quantifying effects on the economy, environment and energy system. Usually, the structure and documentation of such models are only accessible by the model builders. They are facing the allegation to be a "black box" meaning that only their creators are able to operate and fully understand the model system. Decision makers are often only engaged at the end of the model building process to discuss the …


A Markov Decision Process Model To Compare Ecosystem Services Provided By Agricultural Landscapes, Sabrina Gaba, Nathalie Peyrard, Régis Sabbadin, Julia Radoszyckic Jul 2016

A Markov Decision Process Model To Compare Ecosystem Services Provided By Agricultural Landscapes, Sabrina Gaba, Nathalie Peyrard, Régis Sabbadin, Julia Radoszyckic

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

One current challenge in managing agricultural landscapes, is to reach a trade-off between provision of food and biodiversity conservation. Two extreme land-use strategies, land sharing and land sparing, are often discussed. The design of decision rules for allocating crops and lands for biodiversity conservation (e.g. grasslands) can be formalized as an optimization problem. However the target to optimize, representing the trade-off between ecosystem services (ES) can be complex to model since ES are usually not defined on comparable scales and may rely on different sides of biodiversity. Here, we will investigate how landscape composition and structure affect the magnitude of …


Sectorization Of Intermittent Water Supply Networks Based On Graph Theory And Clustering Techniques, Amilkar E. Ilaya-Ayza, David Ayala-Cabrera, Joaquín Izquierdo, Enrique Campbell, Rafael Pérez-García Jul 2016

Sectorization Of Intermittent Water Supply Networks Based On Graph Theory And Clustering Techniques, Amilkar E. Ilaya-Ayza, David Ayala-Cabrera, Joaquín Izquierdo, Enrique Campbell, Rafael Pérez-García

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Intermittent water supply is the form of access to water in many countries around the world. It is very common that design, operation, maintenance and, in general, decision-making in these systems are performed using tools originally developed for systems with continuous supply, which are not adequate. However, these tools can be reasonably applied to network sectorization of intermittent supply networks. We propose a sectorization methodology for networks that do not have the possibility of working with continuous supply. In addition, to ensure sufficient pressure, sector design must guarantee equity in the supply. Furthermore, it is not enough to establish sector …


A Mathematical Model For Ghg From Sb-Mbr: Calibration By An Innovative Protocol, Giorgio Mannina, Alida Cosenza Jul 2016

A Mathematical Model For Ghg From Sb-Mbr: Calibration By An Innovative Protocol, Giorgio Mannina, Alida Cosenza

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A mathematical model to quantify greenhouse gases (GHG) (carbon dioxide, CO2 and nitrous oxide, N2O) for a membrane bioreactor (MBR) is presented. The model has been applied to a pilot plant with a pre-denitrification MBR scheme. The pilot plant was cyclically filled with real saline wastewater according to the fill-draw-batch operation. The model was calibrated by adopting a specific protocol based on extensive field dataset. Standardised Regression Coefficient (SRC) method was adopted to select the most influential model factors to be calibrated. Results related to SRC method show that among the important model factors a key role …


A Framework For Decision-Making In Cases Of Invasive Species, Peter A. Khaiter, Marina G. Erechtchoukova, Sina Roushan Jul 2016

A Framework For Decision-Making In Cases Of Invasive Species, Peter A. Khaiter, Marina G. Erechtchoukova, Sina Roushan

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Invasion of nonindigenous species is one of the most pressing global challenges, causing substantial environmental, economic and social harm. Invasion of alien species alters the composition, structure and functioning of invaded ecosystems as well as the services they generated before the invasion. Decisions about the management of invasive cases are inherently difficult because of the multifactorial and multiattribute scope of the problem. In particular, the resilience limits of invaded ecosystems to fully recover original, pre-invaded states remain unclear. To facilitate management efforts, decision-makers and environmental practitioners require a framework integrating relevant knowledge and acting as a supporting expert system. The …


Cool Farm Tool (Cft) Water: Novel Tool For Water Resource Assessment On Field Scale, Benjamin Kayatz, Gabriele Baroni, Benjamin Kuster, Stefan Lüdtke, Daniella Malin, Richard Heathcote, Carl Von Tonder, Martin Wattenbach Jul 2016

Cool Farm Tool (Cft) Water: Novel Tool For Water Resource Assessment On Field Scale, Benjamin Kayatz, Gabriele Baroni, Benjamin Kuster, Stefan Lüdtke, Daniella Malin, Richard Heathcote, Carl Von Tonder, Martin Wattenbach

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

At the global scale over 70 % of all fresh water used is consumed by the agricultural sector. For this reason a sustainable water management at the basin level often requires the assessment of water that is used for crop production. In this context, the characterization of green and blue water footprint showed to be a useful and efficient approach to support analysis and decisions.

However determining the water footprint is cumbersome and often linked to additional data acquisition efforts. Furthermore the water footprint is often not revealing the basin impact of crop production. To overcome these limitations we developed …


Small Farms Dams Modelling In Highly Anthropized Basins: Case Of The Garonne Catchment In The South-West Of France, François Moussu, Pierre Le Moigne, Pierre Le Cointe, Camille Truche, Olivier Therond, Eric Martin, Florence Habets Jul 2016

Small Farms Dams Modelling In Highly Anthropized Basins: Case Of The Garonne Catchment In The South-West Of France, François Moussu, Pierre Le Moigne, Pierre Le Cointe, Camille Truche, Olivier Therond, Eric Martin, Florence Habets

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

One of the aims of the REGARD project is to evaluate the influence of human activities in the modelling of water resources in the South-West of France, at the scale of the Garonne Watershed (~55 000 km2). Since 2009 the French government introduced a new regulation of agricultural water withdrawals, to avoid regular crisis due to water resources issues.Our approach consists in accounting for small farm dams in the Safran-Isba-Modcou (SIM) model and to evaluate their impact on river discharges. Several scenarios with different volume capacities, filling catchment sizes and filling periods were tested to assess how the …