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Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Comparison Of Thm Formation During Disinfection: Ferrate Versus Free Chlorine For Different Source Waters, Adhem Mukattash
Comparison Of Thm Formation During Disinfection: Ferrate Versus Free Chlorine For Different Source Waters, Adhem Mukattash
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of the study was to compare the trihalomethanes (THMs) produced from ferrate with hypochlorite and to determine how different the THM production would be for a given degree of disinfection (3 log reduction in Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC)). Different water samples were collected from Lake Claire, Atlantic Ocean, and secondary effluent from an advanced wastewater treatment plant. THM formation was determined using a standard assay over 7 days at room temperature. In addition samples were tested for Total Coliform Escherichia coli (TC/E.coli), and heterotrophic bacteria using HPC by spreadplating on R2A agar. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured …
Target Element Sizes For Finite Element Tidal Models From A Domain-Wide, Localized Truncation Error Analysis Incorporating Botto, Denwood Parrish
Target Element Sizes For Finite Element Tidal Models From A Domain-Wide, Localized Truncation Error Analysis Incorporating Botto, Denwood Parrish
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A new methodology for the determination of target element sizes for the construction of finite element meshes applicable to the simulation of tidal flow in coastal and oceanic domains is developed and tested. The methodology is consistent with the discrete physics of tidal flow, and includes the effects of bottom stress. The method enables the estimation of the localized truncation error of the nonconservative momentum equations throughout a triangulated data set of water surface elevation and flow velocity. The method's domain-wide applicability is due in part to the formulation of a new localized truncation error estimator in terms of complex …
Dynamic Speed Monitoring System Effectiveness On Sharp Curves, Vasu Tavasna Persaud
Dynamic Speed Monitoring System Effectiveness On Sharp Curves, Vasu Tavasna Persaud
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The design of rural interchanges is of critical concern due to the need for the safe transition of vehicles from one high speed roadways to another and vice versa. This transition is accomplished by entry and exit ramps of various forms. The southbound entry loop ramp at the US 27/ US 192 trumpet interchange in Polk County, Florida does not provide such safe transition since historically there has been a high incidence of vehicular off-tracking. The geometry of the southbound entry ramp coupled with high approach speeds are two of the contributing factors. Due to the high cost of interchange …
Biostability In Drinking Water Distribution Systems In A Changing Water Quality Environment Using Corrosion Inhibitors, Bingjie Zhao
Biostability In Drinking Water Distribution Systems In A Changing Water Quality Environment Using Corrosion Inhibitors, Bingjie Zhao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, the bacterial growth dynamics of 14 pilot drinking water distribution systems were studied in order to observe water quality changes due to corrosion inhibitor addition. Empirical models were developed to quantity the effect of inhibitor type and dose on bacterial growth (biofilm and bulk water). Water and pipe coupon samples were taken and examined during the experiments. The coupons were exposed to drinking water at approximately 20°C for at least 5 weeks to allow the formation of a measurable quasi- steady-state biofilm. Bulk water samples were taken every week. In this study, two simple but practical empirical …
Modeling Free Chlorine And Chloramine Decay In A Pilot Distribution System, Jorge Miguel Arevalo
Modeling Free Chlorine And Chloramine Decay In A Pilot Distribution System, Jorge Miguel Arevalo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect that water quality, pipe material, pipe size, flow conditions and the use of corrosion inhibitors would have on the rate of free chlorine and chloramine decay in distribution systems. Empirical models were developed to predict the disinfectant residual concentration with time based on the parameters that affected it. Different water treatment processes were used to treat groundwater and surface water to obtain 7 types of finished waters with a wide range of water quality characteristics. The groundwater was treated either by conventional treatment by aeration (G1) or softening (G2) or …
Construction Specifications And Analysis Of Rehabilitation Techniques Of Pervious Concrete Pavement, Craig Ballock
Construction Specifications And Analysis Of Rehabilitation Techniques Of Pervious Concrete Pavement, Craig Ballock
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the clogging potential of installed pervious concrete systems, to analyze rehabilitation techniques and develop construction specifications for the construction of portland cement pervious concrete specific to the state of Florida. Currently, a consistent statewide policy has not been established in reference to credit for storage volume within the voids in pervious concrete and the coarse aggregate base. For this reason a current and updated assessment of pervious pavement is needed to benefit from the advantages of pervious pavement use in low traffic volume areas. Initially by modeling a pervious concrete system …
Reviewing The Effects Of Alternative Fuels, Average Speed And Idling Time On Emissions From Orange County School Bus Fleet, Ali Bayat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Orange County, FL has been experiencing ozone concentrations in the past several years which in some cases exceeded the national and state standards. The high concentration of ground level ozone can cause a variety of health problems including chest pain, coughing, throat irritation, and congestion or it can worsen bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Other effects include reduction of agricultural crop and commercial forest yields, lower growth and survivability of tree seedlings, and higher susceptibility of plant to diseases, pests and other stresses such as harsh weather. The ozone generation rate is directly related to the ambient concentration of nitrogen oxides …
Spacecraft Loads Predictionvia Sensitivity Analysis And Optimization, Tom Braswell
Spacecraft Loads Predictionvia Sensitivity Analysis And Optimization, Tom Braswell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Discrepancies between the predicted responses of a finite element analysis (FEA) and reference data from test results arise for many reasons. Some are due to measurement errors, such as inaccurate sensors, noise in the acquisition system or environmental effects. Some are due to analyst errors precipitated by a lack of familiarity with the modeling or solver software. Still others are introduced by uncertainty in the governing physical relations (linear versus non-linear behavior), boundary conditions or the element material/geometrical properties. It is the uncertainty effects introduced by this last group that this study seeks to redress. The objective is the obtainment …
Quantification Of Emissions From Lawn And Garden Equipment In Central Florida, Megan Leigh Crum
Quantification Of Emissions From Lawn And Garden Equipment In Central Florida, Megan Leigh Crum
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate the practical limits of EPA's NONROAD 2005 to accurately simulate Central Florida conditions, especially with regard to lawn and garden equipment. In particular we investigated a NONROAD emission inventory using default inputs and then created a locally specific emission inventory. These emission inventories were prepared for Orange, Osceola, and Seminole county and focused only on the VOC and NOx emissions caused by lawn and garden equipment. The model was manipulated to assess its ability to represent this specific category of nonroad equipment for a given airshed first by running a base case …
Using Electrochemical Monitoring To Predict Metal Release In Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Rajendra D. Vaidya
Using Electrochemical Monitoring To Predict Metal Release In Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Rajendra D. Vaidya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Corrosion of distribution system piping and home plumbing materials is a major concern in the water community. Iron release adverse affects aesthetic water quality and the release of copper and lead is regulated by the Lead and Copper rule (LCR) and can adversely affect consumer health. Corrosion control is typically done by pH regulation and/or addition of corrosion inhibitors. Monitoring of corrosion control is typically done after the fact by monitoring metal release, functional group concentration of the selected chemical species or water quality. Hence, the associated laboratory analyses create a significant delay prior to the assessment of corrosion in …
Examining Dynamic Variable Speed Limit Strategies For The Reduction Of Real-Time Crash Risk On Freeways, Ryan Cunningham
Examining Dynamic Variable Speed Limit Strategies For The Reduction Of Real-Time Crash Risk On Freeways, Ryan Cunningham
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent research at the University of Central Florida involving crashes on Interstate-4 in Orlando, Florida has led to the creation of new statistical models capable of determining the crash risk on the freeway (Abdel-Aty et al., 2004; 2005, Pande and Abdel-Aty, 2006). These models are able to calculate the rear-end and lane-change crash risks along the freeway in real-time through the use of static information at various locations along the freeway as well as the real-time traffic data obtained by loop detectors. Since these models use real-time traffic data, they are capable of calculating rear-end and lane-change crash risk values …
Mobilization Of Metals And Phosphorous From Intact Forest Soil Cores By Dissolved Inorganic Carbon: A Laboratory Column Study, Brett Holmes
Mobilization Of Metals And Phosphorous From Intact Forest Soil Cores By Dissolved Inorganic Carbon: A Laboratory Column Study, Brett Holmes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) causes increased mobilization of dissolved, organically bound and particulate aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and phosphorus (P) from the soils. Our objective was to examine whether increased metal solubility is attributed to increased DIC concentration in solution. Intact soil cores of 16.35 - 24.10 cm were taken from the O and B horizons from the East and West Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) to conduct seven soil column transport experiments. DIC concentrations ranging from approximately 20 to 600 ppm with a background electrolyte solution of 0.1 M NaCl were introduced into the soil columns. …
Mercury Dynamics In Sulfide-Rich Sediments: Geochemical Influence On Contaminant Mobilization And Methylation Within The Penobscot River Estuary, Maine, Usa, Karen A. Merritt
Mercury Dynamics In Sulfide-Rich Sediments: Geochemical Influence On Contaminant Mobilization And Methylation Within The Penobscot River Estuary, Maine, Usa, Karen A. Merritt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research concerning the fate and biogeochemical cycling of mercury (Hg) within coastal ecosystems has suggested that microbially-mediated diagenetic processes control Hg mobilization and that ligands with strong affinity for Hg control Hg partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases. Of specific further concern is the likelihood that Hg sequestered in coastal marine sediments may be efficiently methylated to highly toxic methylmercury (MeHg), thereby placing exposed organisms at significant risk of MeHg bioaccumulation. We have studied total dissolved Hg (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) cycling in the sediments of the Penobscot River estuary in Maine, USA using a combination of equilibrium porewater …
Seasonal Variations Of Pavement Layer Moduli Determined Using In Situ Measurements Of Pavement Stress And Strain, Lauren J. Swett
Seasonal Variations Of Pavement Layer Moduli Determined Using In Situ Measurements Of Pavement Stress And Strain, Lauren J. Swett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pavement design procedures have advanced a great deal in recent years, changing from empirical equations based on road tests in the 1950s to mechanistic-empirical design procedures developed in the past few years. The resilient moduli for the asphalt and soil layers of pavement sections are important properties necessary for pavement design, and an accurate method for determining moduli under different conditions is necessary. The stiffness of pavement section layers changes with the season, and typically, a road section will be the weakest during spring thaw due to loss of frozen soil stiffness, and increases in water content. This is critical …
Effect Of Horizontal Piles On The Soil Bearing Capacity For Circular Footing Above Cavity, Rafael L. Arosemena
Effect Of Horizontal Piles On The Soil Bearing Capacity For Circular Footing Above Cavity, Rafael L. Arosemena
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The design of foundation in normal soil conditions is governed by bearing capacity, minimum depth of foundation and settlement. However, foundation design in karst regions needs to consider an additional criterion associated to the possibility of subsurface subsidence and ravelling sinkholes. Under this environment, alternative techniques are needed to improve the subsurface soil. In this study general background information is given to understand the geological characteristics of Central Florida and why this area is considered to be a karst region and susceptible to sinkholes formation. Traditional foundation design techniques on karst regions are addressed in this paper. Finally, the use …
Assessment Of The Safety Benefits Of Vms And Vsl Using The Ucf Driving Simulator, Cristina Dos Santos
Assessment Of The Safety Benefits Of Vms And Vsl Using The Ucf Driving Simulator, Cristina Dos Santos
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Researchers at the University of Central Florida (UCF) have been working during the past few years on different strategies to improve freeway safety in real-time. An ongoing research at UCF has investigated crash patterns that occurred on a stretch of Interstate-4 located in Orlando, FL and created statistical models to predict in real-time the likelihood of a crash in terms of time and space. The models were then tested using PARAMICS micro-simulation and different strategies that would reduce the risk of crashes were suggested. One of the main recommended strategies was the use of Variable Speed Limits (VSL) which intervenes …
Verification Of Pilot-Scale Iron Release Models, Stephen Glatthorn
Verification Of Pilot-Scale Iron Release Models, Stephen Glatthorn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A model for the prediction of color release from a pilot distribution system was created in 2003 by Imran. This model allows prediction of the release of color from aged cast iron and galvanized steel pipes as a function of water quality and hydraulic residence time. Color was used as a surrogate measurement for iron, which exhibited a strong linear correlation. An anomaly of this model was an absence of a term to account for pH, due to the influent water being well stabilized. A new study was completed to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors against traditional adjustment. Two …
Impact Of Zinc Orthophosphate Inhibitor On Distribution System Water Quality, Xiaotao Guan
Impact Of Zinc Orthophosphate Inhibitor On Distribution System Water Quality, Xiaotao Guan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation consists of four papers concerning impacts of zinc orthophosphate (ZOP) inhibitor on iron, copper and lead release in a changing water quality environment. The mechanism of zinc orthophosphate corrosion inhibition in drinking water municipal and home distribution systems and the role of zinc were investigated. Fourteen pilot distribution systems (PDSs) which were identical and consisted of increments of PVC, lined cast iron, unlined cast iron and galvanized steel pipes were used in this study. Changing quarterly blends of finished ground, surface and desalinated waters were fed into the pilot distribution systems over a one year period. Zinc orthophosphate …
Multisensor Fusion Remote Sensing Technology For Assessing Multitemporal Responses In Ecohydrological Systems, Ammarin Makkeasorn
Multisensor Fusion Remote Sensing Technology For Assessing Multitemporal Responses In Ecohydrological Systems, Ammarin Makkeasorn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Earth ecosystems and environment have been changing rapidly due to the advanced technologies and developments of humans. Impacts caused by human activities and developments are difficult to acquire for evaluations due to the rapid changes. Remote sensing (RS) technology has been implemented for environmental managements. A new and promising trend in remote sensing for environment is widely used to measure and monitor the earth environment and its changes. RS allows large-scaled measurements over a large region within a very short period of time. Continuous and repeatable measurements are the very indispensable features of RS. Soil moisture is a critical element …
Evaluating The Impact Of Oocea S Dynamic Message Signs (Dms) On Travelers Experience Using The Pre-Deployment Survey, John Hill Rogers
Evaluating The Impact Of Oocea S Dynamic Message Signs (Dms) On Travelers Experience Using The Pre-Deployment Survey, John Hill Rogers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of dynamic message signs (DMS) on the Orlando-Orange County Expressway Authority (OOCEA) toll road network using the Pre-Deployment DMS Survey (henceforth referred to as "pre-deployment survey"). DMS are electronic traffic signs used on roadways to give travelers information about travel times, traffic congestion, accidents, disabled vehicles, AMBER alerts, and special events. The particular DMS referred to in this study are large rectangular signs installed over the travel lanes and these are not the portable trailer mount signs. The OOCEA is currently in the process of adding several fixed DMS on …
Fate Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Species From A Black And Goldtm Nugget Mix In A Laboratoy Column Simulated Septic Tank Drainfiel, Timir Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The presence of nitrates and phosphorus in ground water is a worldwide problem. A septic tank with drainfield that is conventionally designed does not typically remove nitrogen in the form of nitrates. The main risks are in "Blue baby" syndrome and suspected carcinogenic effect of nitrates on humans and the nutrient enrichment of receiving waters. In some areas nitrate and phosphorus removal are essentially required. Thus the information in this report concentrates on using media in the drainfield for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Extensive work has been conducted in the past few decades in order to find suitable …
Reversion Of Poly-Phosphates To Ortho-Phosphates In Water Distribution Systems, Avinash Shekhar
Reversion Of Poly-Phosphates To Ortho-Phosphates In Water Distribution Systems, Avinash Shekhar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Orthophosphates and polyphosphates are rarely present at significant levels in raw water source but are purposefully added to the water in various forms to inhibit corrosion, iron oxidation (red water), or calcium carbonate precipitation (scale formation). Orthophosphates serve as building blocks for polyphosphates, which includes structures in linear chain, branched chains (metaphosphate) and "glassy" polyphosphate polymers. The advantage of polyphosphates over ortho phosphates lies in the fact that they slowly revert to orthophosphates and thus provide corrosion inhibition action over longer period of time in distribution systems. A study was completed for Tampa Bay Water on water distribution systems in …
Pilot Study Of Nutrient Loading In A Wet Detention Lake, Eric C. Gurr
Pilot Study Of Nutrient Loading In A Wet Detention Lake, Eric C. Gurr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Florida is surrounded by water, and its many internal lakes and rivers have long been recognized for their excellent fishing and boating. This notoriety draws land developers to the lake shores to establish residential and commercial infrastructure. This land development brings with it flood plain alteration, water level stabilization, and increased nutrients which cause adverse impacts to our lakes. In response, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) passed the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 which set the framework for the water quality standards for the entire United States. As a result of the CWA many point sources …
Exploring The Potential Of Combining Ramp Metering And Variable Speed Limit Strategies For Alleviating Real-Time Crash Risk On Urban Freeways, Kirolos Maged Haleem
Exploring The Potential Of Combining Ramp Metering And Variable Speed Limit Strategies For Alleviating Real-Time Crash Risk On Urban Freeways, Kirolos Maged Haleem
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research recently conducted at the University of Central Florida involving crashes on Interstate-4 in Orlando, Florida has led to the creation of new statistical and neural networks models that are capable of determining the crash risk on the freeway (Abdel-Aty et al., 2004; 2005, Pande and Abdel-Aty, 2006). These models are able to calculate rear-end and lane-change crash risks along the freeway in real-time through the use of static information at various locations along the freeway as well as real-time traffic data obtained by loop detectors. Since these models use real-time traffic data, they are capable of calculating rear-end and …
An Investigation Of Size Exclusion And Diffusion Controlled Membrane Fouling, Colin Michael Hobbs
An Investigation Of Size Exclusion And Diffusion Controlled Membrane Fouling, Colin Michael Hobbs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The reduction of membrane productivity (i.e. membrane fouling) during operation occurs in virtually all membrane applications. Membrane fouling originates from the method by which membranes operate: contaminants are rejected by the membrane and retained on the feed side of the membrane while treated water passes through the membrane. The accumulation of these contaminants on the feed side of the membrane results in increased operating pressures, increased backwashing frequencies, increased chemical cleaning frequencies, and increased membrane replacement frequencies. The most significant practical implication of membrane fouling is increased operating and maintenance costs. As such, membrane fouling must be properly managed to …
Temperature Inside The Landfill: Effects Of Liquid Injection And Ambient Temperature, Amit Kumar
Temperature Inside The Landfill: Effects Of Liquid Injection And Ambient Temperature, Amit Kumar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study represents an analysis of comprehensive temperature and moisture content data collected from the anaerobic portion of a bioreactor landfill at the New River Regional Landfill, Florida, USA. The main focus of the study was the analysis of effects of the liquid injection on the temperature inside the landfill. When the leachate or groundwater at lower temperature than the landfilled waste is injected into the landfill, it has an initial cooling effect on the waste until the biological activity, enhanced by the additional moisture, releases heat. This cooling effect was tested in the study to determine whether it could …
Parameter Estimation Using Sensor Fusion And Model Updating, Kevin Francoforte
Parameter Estimation Using Sensor Fusion And Model Updating, Kevin Francoforte
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Engineers and infrastructure owners have to manage an aging civil infrastructure in the US. Engineers have the opportunity to analyze structures using finite element models (FEM), and often base their engineering decisions on the outcome of the results. Ultimately, the success of these decisions is directly related to the accuracy of the finite element model in representing the real-life structure. Improper assumptions in the model such as member properties or connections, can lead to inaccurate results. A major source of modeling error in many finite element models of existing structures is due to improper representation of the boundary conditions. In …
Urban Infilling Impacts On Florida Solid Waste Facilities, Ravi Chander Nalamothu
Urban Infilling Impacts On Florida Solid Waste Facilities, Ravi Chander Nalamothu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Increasing urbanization in the US is leading to development or re-development of lands adjacent to solid waste facilities and these lands are being considered for residential communities and commercial projects. Thus, the potential for nuisance complaints against the pre-existing solid waste facility operations has become an increasing reality. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to gather scientific and quantifiable data related to potential nuisances caused by landfills to determine setbacks and buffer zones near landfill and transfer station operations. Appropriate recommendations for these setbacks were made from case studies conducted at two landfills in Florida. The …