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Study On The Critical Velocity Of Groundwater To Form Subsidence Sinkholes In Karst Area, Fuwei Jiang
Study On The Critical Velocity Of Groundwater To Form Subsidence Sinkholes In Karst Area, Fuwei Jiang
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Subsidence sinkholes in karst area are a common geological hazard causing disaster accidents. However, the critical hydraulic conditions of forming subsidence sinkholes have not been well understood. Based on the theories of pipe flow, this paper derives expressions of a critical hydraulic condition for assessing whether it leads to subsidence sinkholes. A case study with samples of the cohesive soils taken from the Wuxuan county, Guangxi province, China, was conducted to evaluate the derived critical value. Combining the derived critical value and the monitoring data of hydraulic conditions in the study field, our results indicate that subsidence sinkholes are not …
Numerical Simulation Of Karst Soil Cave Evolution, Long Jia, Yan Meng, Zhende Guan, Lipeng Liu
Numerical Simulation Of Karst Soil Cave Evolution, Long Jia, Yan Meng, Zhende Guan, Lipeng Liu
Sinkhole Conference 2015
This study is focused on numerical simulation of the formation and development of karst soil caves related to cover-collapse sinkholes. The so-called ‘karst soil cave’ refers to the caves formed in the soil layers above bedrock of sinkhole regions. Because the soil caves are formed and developed under groundwater seepage, studying groundwater level changes can help understand soil cave development and collapse. Based on the improved Terzaghi loosening pressure theory and using excess pore water pressure, two kinds of critical groundwater level decline are discussed. The first, denoted as ∆H0, is the critical groundwater level decline related to soil cave …
Building Codes To Minimize Cover Collapses In Sinkhole-Prone Areas, George Veni, Connie Campbell Brashear, Andrew Glasbrenner
Building Codes To Minimize Cover Collapses In Sinkhole-Prone Areas, George Veni, Connie Campbell Brashear, Andrew Glasbrenner
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Cover- collapse sinkholes are forming with increasing frequency under buildings. Analyses of sinkhole distribution in Beacon Woods, Florida, preliminarily indicate their occurrence is an order of magnitude greater in urban versus undeveloped areas, suggesting the structures themselves are enhancing the collapse process. The most likely causes are induced recharge via at least one of two sources. First, runoff and drainage from roads, structures, and impoundments that is not adequately dispersed will promote sinkhole development. Second, leaking water, sewer, and septic systems beneath or adjacent to a structure will also promote collapse. The process of cover-collapse from induced recharge is well …
Hazard Of Sinkhole Flooding To A Cave Hominin Site And Its Control Countermeasures In A Tower Karst Area, South China, Fang Guo, Guanghui Jiang, Kwong Fai Andrew Lo, Qingjia Tang, Yongli Guo, Shaohua Liu
Hazard Of Sinkhole Flooding To A Cave Hominin Site And Its Control Countermeasures In A Tower Karst Area, South China, Fang Guo, Guanghui Jiang, Kwong Fai Andrew Lo, Qingjia Tang, Yongli Guo, Shaohua Liu
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Zengpiyan Cave, one of the most important cave hominin sites of the Neolithic in the South of China, was listed on the national register of cultural preservation sites in 2001. Large quantities of precious material in the Zengpiyan site were unearthed since the beginning of the trial excavation in 1973. These materials include hominin skeletal remains, fire pits, human burials, stone implements, tools fashioned from mollusk shells and animal or plant fossils. According to the historical record, ancient people lived in caves in the karst plain of Guilin. They moved out of the caves approximately 7000 years ago. These cave …
A Method Of Mapping Sinkhole Susceptibility Using A Geographic Information System: A Case Study For Interstates In The Karst Counties Of Virginia, Alexandra L. Todd, Lindsay Ivey-Burden
A Method Of Mapping Sinkhole Susceptibility Using A Geographic Information System: A Case Study For Interstates In The Karst Counties Of Virginia, Alexandra L. Todd, Lindsay Ivey-Burden
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Karst terrain is landscape underlain by limestone that has been chemically dissolved by acidic groundwater, producing subsurface voids that pose risks for sinkholes if the overlaying soils can no longer support their own weight and collapse. The western counties of Virginia are heavy in karst due to their natural, geographic boundary of the western Ridge Province and the eastern Blue Ridge Mountain Range. As a result, the Commonwealth of Virginia Hazard Mitigation Plan recommends that the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) develop a method to determine the roadways and regions most susceptible to experiencing sinkholes, in an effort to reduce …
Evaluation Of Cavity Distribution Using Point-Pattern Analysis, Raghav Ramanathan, Yongli Gao, M. Melih Demirkan, Bulent Hatipoglu, Mazen Adib, Michael Rosenmeier, Juan Gutierrez, Hesham El Ganainy
Evaluation Of Cavity Distribution Using Point-Pattern Analysis, Raghav Ramanathan, Yongli Gao, M. Melih Demirkan, Bulent Hatipoglu, Mazen Adib, Michael Rosenmeier, Juan Gutierrez, Hesham El Ganainy
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Presence of solution cavities of different sizes poses major engineering problems in some areas of Abu Dhabi City Municipality (ADM) underlain by soluble rocks such as gypsum, calcarenite, or mudstone. This is especially critical if they are located at a relatively shallow level and are likely to cause settlement or sudden soil collapse. The Gachsaran Formation, which is composed of interlayered mudstone and gypsum, underlies all of the ADM and is known to be vulnerable to cavity formation in the area. The mudstone and gypsum beds within the upper part of the Gachsaran Formation are prone to dissolution. Numerous sinkholes …
Development Of Cavity Probability Map For Abu Dhabi Municipality, Yongli Gao, Raghav Ramanathan, Bulent Hatigoplu, M. Melih Demirkan, Mazen Adib, Juan Gutierrez, Hesham El Ganainy, Daniel Barton
Development Of Cavity Probability Map For Abu Dhabi Municipality, Yongli Gao, Raghav Ramanathan, Bulent Hatigoplu, M. Melih Demirkan, Mazen Adib, Juan Gutierrez, Hesham El Ganainy, Daniel Barton
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Cavity collapse and settlement due to the presence of shallow solution cavities cause significant geotechnical and other engineering problems in certain areas within the Abu Dhabi City Municipality (ADM). A cavity probability map helps to identify regions that are more susceptible to the formation of cavities by identifying and analyzing influential factors contributing to its formation. Information relating to cavities was cataloged and reviewed based on available data from the Geotechnical Information Management System (GIMS), which is a consolidated geotechnical database developed by the ADM. Geological and geotechnical subsurface conditions are obtained from previous site investigation campaigns performed in the …
Study On Monitoring And Early Warning Of Karst Collapse Based On Botdr Technique, Zhende Guan
Study On Monitoring And Early Warning Of Karst Collapse Based On Botdr Technique, Zhende Guan
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Brilliouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (BOTDR) is a newly developed measurement and monitoring technique, which utilizes Brilliouin spectroscopy and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (Jiang et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2009; Xu et al.,2011) to measure strain generated in optical fibers as distributed in the longitudinal direction. This paper introduces the principle and characters of BOTDR technique firstly, and makes an example of karst collapse monitoring at section K14 of highway from Guilin to Yangshuo. And we talk about how to use this technique in underlying karst collapse monitoring in karst highway, discuss environmental factors, like temperature and vehicle dynamic …
Detection Of Voids In Karst Terrain With Full Waveform Tomography, Khiem T. Tran, Michael Mcvay, Trung Dung Nguyen
Detection Of Voids In Karst Terrain With Full Waveform Tomography, Khiem T. Tran, Michael Mcvay, Trung Dung Nguyen
Sinkhole Conference 2015
This paper presents an application of time-domain surface-based waveform tomography for detection of voids in karst terrain. The measured seismic surface wave fields were inverted using a full waveform inversion (FWI) technique, based on a finite-difference solution of 2-D elastic wave equations and the Gauss-Newton inversion method. The FWI was applied to real experimental data sets collected from twelve test lines at a karst site in Florida. Two of the test lines were located next to open karst chimneys to image their extent. Ten other test lines were located in an open and flat area without any void indication from …
Integration And Delivery Of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar [Insar] Data Into Stormwater Planning Within Karst Terranes, Brian Bruckno, Edward Hoppe, Andrea Vaccari, Scott Acton, Elizabeth Campbell
Integration And Delivery Of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar [Insar] Data Into Stormwater Planning Within Karst Terranes, Brian Bruckno, Edward Hoppe, Andrea Vaccari, Scott Acton, Elizabeth Campbell
Sinkhole Conference 2015
As part of a USDOT-funded study focused on the implementation of satellite-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology, the researchers integrated InSAR-derived point cloud data into the transportation design process within karst terrain. The group’s workflow included initial validation of InSAR data by acquiring over 1.67 million InSAR data points (various “scatterers”) which were then brought into a GIS dataframe and georeferenced to locations of mapped sinkholes. The technique was then applied to the evaluation of karst hazard of within a 40x40 km data frame located in the Valley and Ridge Province of Virginia. The group identified systematic kinematic differences …
Hydrocompaction Considerations In Sinkhole Investigations, Edward D. Zisman P.E., P.G., Stephen West
Hydrocompaction Considerations In Sinkhole Investigations, Edward D. Zisman P.E., P.G., Stephen West
Sinkhole Conference 2015
The cause of ground settlement is a significant concern in sinkhole investigations where the potential for shallow and deep-seated instability in the subsurface is a major focus of the investigation. Complicating the investigation is the occurrence of hydrocompaction of surficial soils caused by introduction of large amounts of surface water particularly from improper maintenance of rainfall runoff. This condition is usually followed by the subsequent loss of soil moisture during dry periods. This manuscript will discuss how hydrocompaction plays a role in the analysis of settlement in the investigation of sinkhole loss and how one can distinguish between hydrocompaction settlement …
Successful Foundation Preparations In Karst Bedrock Of The Masonry Section Of Wolf Creek Dam, David M. Robison
Successful Foundation Preparations In Karst Bedrock Of The Masonry Section Of Wolf Creek Dam, David M. Robison
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Extensive foundation preparations during construction of the Wolf Creek Dam concrete masonry section precluded the need for additional rehabilitation to mitigate seepage through karstic limestone bedrock. Wolf Creek Dam on the Cumberland River in southern Kentucky has become well known for karst related seepage issues underneath the embankment section, and yet has had little to no seepage issues associated with the concrete masonry portion of the dam. Post-construction efforts to control seepage underneath the embankment began in 1967 and 1968. Emergency grouting commenced and continued through 1970. Between 1975 and 1979 a more permanent solution of a concrete diaphragm cut-off …
Pre-Construction Rock Treatment And Soil Modification Program Using Low Mobility Grout To Mitigate Future Sinkhole Development In A 2,787.1 Square Meter (30,000 Sf) Maintenance Facility, Steven W. Shifflett
Pre-Construction Rock Treatment And Soil Modification Program Using Low Mobility Grout To Mitigate Future Sinkhole Development In A 2,787.1 Square Meter (30,000 Sf) Maintenance Facility, Steven W. Shifflett
Sinkhole Conference 2015
The US Army required construction of a 2,787.1 square meters (30,000 sf) maintenance facility supported on shallow foundations at the Fort Campbell Military Installation. During the subsurface investigation a seven foot air-filled void was encountered in the bedrock within the building footprint. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) was conducted in an attempt to determine the lateral extent of the encountered void and to establish the general prevalence of karst features at the site. Due to uncertainty in the subsurface conditions, a rock treatment and soil modification program was developed which consisted of a series of targeted exploratory grout holes advanced in …
Predicting Compaction Grout Quantities In Sinkhole Remediation, Edward D. Zisman P.E., P.G.
Predicting Compaction Grout Quantities In Sinkhole Remediation, Edward D. Zisman P.E., P.G.
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Predicting the required quantity of grout needed to remediate a sinkhole-damaged home is a challenging task that involves significant amounts of uncertainty. The difficulty arises from the limited amount of subsurface information that is available to make subsurface predictions particularly in complex karst environments. In typical sinkhole investigations, our understanding of the subsurface is limited by the three to four data points (borings) that provide a small window into actual subsurface conditions. This information is normally obtained from borings and from information inferred by geophysical surveys. In many cases, the information is not sufficient to make accurate predictions of grout …
Monitoring The Threat Of Sinkhole Formation Under A Portion Of Us 18 In Cerro Gordo County, Iowa Using Tdr Measurements, Kevin O'Connor, Matthew Trainum
Monitoring The Threat Of Sinkhole Formation Under A Portion Of Us 18 In Cerro Gordo County, Iowa Using Tdr Measurements, Kevin O'Connor, Matthew Trainum
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Sinkhole formation is a common occurrence in northeast Iowa, and U.S. 18 in Cerro Gordo County was constructed over an area where sinkhole formation had only been locally known. It had not been recorded or identified in the Iowa DNR database at the time. Since 2004, sinkholes have developed along the right of way. Geophysical surveys contributed very little in the identifying the cause. However a Soil Survey (drilling program) identified numerous voids within carbonate bedrock. The soil borings indicated that shale overlying the carbonate rock has been removed/eroded, and resulted in the development of a karst subsurface through the …
Sinkhole Physical Models To Simulate And Investigate Sinkhole Collapses, Mohamed Alrowaimi, Hae-Bum Yun, Manoj Chopra
Sinkhole Physical Models To Simulate And Investigate Sinkhole Collapses, Mohamed Alrowaimi, Hae-Bum Yun, Manoj Chopra
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Florida is one of the most susceptible states for sinkhole collapses due to its karst geology. In Florida, sinkholes are mainly classified as cover subsidence sinkholes that result in a gradual collapse with possible surface signs, and cover collapse sinkholes, which collapse in a sudden and often catastrophic manner. The future development of a reliable sinkhole prediction system will have the potential to minimize the risk to life, and reduce delays in construction due to the need for post-collapse remediation. In this study, different versions of small-scale sinkhole physical models experimentally used to monitor the water levels in a network …
Seeps And Springs At A Platteville “Observatory” On The River Bluffs, Bj Bonin, Greg Brick, Julia R. Steenberg
Seeps And Springs At A Platteville “Observatory” On The River Bluffs, Bj Bonin, Greg Brick, Julia R. Steenberg
Sinkhole Conference 2015
Residential building construction along the Mississippi River bluffs in the 1970s created a unique enclosed outcrop of the Late Ordovician Platteville Formation at Lilydale, Minnesota. This outcrop was examined in early 2013 after a newly-formed spring flooded an elevator shaft the previous year, drawing attention to the foundation conditions. The Lexington Riverside property is a six story condominium complex constructed within the top of the bluff. A two-level underground parking garage was built into the bluff. Bedrock was mechanically excavated to accommodate the construction of the building, creating an unweathered rock surface. The space between the structure and the excavated …
Karst Spring Cutoffs, Cave Tiers, And Sinking Stream Basins Correlated To Fluvial Base Level Decline In South-Central Indiana, Garre A. Conner
Karst Spring Cutoffs, Cave Tiers, And Sinking Stream Basins Correlated To Fluvial Base Level Decline In South-Central Indiana, Garre A. Conner
Sinkhole Conference 2015
The Mitchell Aquifer averages 80m in thickness and underdrains a karst region in the Crawford Upland and Mitchell Plateau region in south-central Indiana (110,000 km2). The Springville Escarpment is a transitional boundary between the upland and plateau. Cave stream linking between cave tiers in the aquifer and correlation of cave tier inception horizons to a base level decline surface is interpreted for the Kirby Watershed, encompassing the prekarst headland of Indian Creek (42km2). The watershed was severed from lower Indian Creek at Eller Col by limestone cavern drainage on the ridge between White River and East Fork. Correlation of recharge …