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Articles 1 - 30 of 84
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube Thermocycler For Fast Dna Amplification And Real-Time Optical Detection, Ryan J. Ebmeier, Scott E. Whitney, Amitabha Sarkar, Michael Nelson, Nisha Padhye, George Gogos, Hendrik J. Viljoen
Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube Thermocycler For Fast Dna Amplification And Real-Time Optical Detection, Ryan J. Ebmeier, Scott E. Whitney, Amitabha Sarkar, Michael Nelson, Nisha Padhye, George Gogos, Hendrik J. Viljoen
Papers in Biochemical Engineering
An innovative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermocycler capable of performing real-time optical detection is described below. This device utilizes the Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube in a system to efficiently and rapidly cycle three 20 mL samples between the denaturation, annealing, and elon-gation temperatures. The reaction progress is displayed real-time by measuring the size of a fluo-rescent signal emitted by SYBR green/double-stranded DNA complexes. This device can produce significant reaction yields with very small amounts of initial DNA, for example, it can amplify 0.25 fg (,5 copies) of a 96 bp bacteriophage l-DNA fragment 2.731011-fold by performing 45 cycles in less than …
My Life With Polymer Science: Scientific And Personal Memoirs, Otto Vogl
My Life With Polymer Science: Scientific And Personal Memoirs, Otto Vogl
Emeritus Faculty Author Gallery
My "life story" will begin with my formative years, my childhood and student days at the University of Vienna, including my dissertation. It will be followed by my teaching appointment as an Instructor at the II. Chemical Institute of the University of Vienna. The urge to see other lands, learn other languages and scientific methods led to the Wandering Years that brought me to the United States. After three years spent as a Research Associate at the University of Michigan and at Princeton University I spent more than 13 years in an industrial career at the Du Pont Company in …
Fast Measurements Of Flow Through Mitral Regurgitant Orifices With Magnetic Resonance Phase Velocity Mapping, Haosen Zhang, Sandra S. Halliburton, Richard D. White, George P. Chatzimavroudis
Fast Measurements Of Flow Through Mitral Regurgitant Orifices With Magnetic Resonance Phase Velocity Mapping, Haosen Zhang, Sandra S. Halliburton, Richard D. White, George P. Chatzimavroudis
Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
Magnetic-resonance (MR) phase velocity mapping (PVM) shows promise in measuring the mitral regurgitant volume. However, in its conventional nonsegmented form, MR-PVM is slow and impractical for clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of rapid, segmented k-spaceMR-PVM in quantifying the mitral regurgitant flow through a control volume (CV) method. Two segmented MR-PVM schemes, one with seven (seg-7) and one with nine (seg-9) lines per segment, were evaluated in acrylic regurgitant mitral valve models under steady and pulsatile flow. A nonsegmented (nonseg) MR-PVM acquisition was also performed for reference. The segmented acquisitions were …
Thermodynamic Analysis Of Separation Systems, Yaşar Demirel
Thermodynamic Analysis Of Separation Systems, Yaşar Demirel
Papers in Thermal Mechanics
Separation systems mainly involve interfacial mass and heat transfer as well as mixing. Distillation is a major separation system by means of heat supplied from a higher temperature level at the reboiler and rejected in the condenser at a lower temperature level. Therefore, it resembles a heat engine producing a separation work with a rather low efficiency. Lost work (energy) in separation systems is due to irreversible processes of heat, mass transfer, and mixing, and is directly related to entropy production according to the Gouy-Stodola principle. In many separation systems of absorption, desorption, extraction, and membrane separation, the major irreversibility …
Causes Of Proteolytic Degradation Of Secreted Recombinant Proteins Produced In Ethylotrophic Yeast Pichia Pastoris: Case Study With Recombinant Ovine Interferon-T, Jayanta Sinha, Bradley A. Plantz, Mehmet Inan, Michael Meagher
Causes Of Proteolytic Degradation Of Secreted Recombinant Proteins Produced In Ethylotrophic Yeast Pichia Pastoris: Case Study With Recombinant Ovine Interferon-T, Jayanta Sinha, Bradley A. Plantz, Mehmet Inan, Michael Meagher
Papers in Biotechnology
It was observed that during fermentative production of recombinant ovine interferon-H (r-oIFN-H ) in Pichia pastoris, a secreted recombinant protein, the protein was degraded increasingly after 48 h of induction and the rate of degradation increased towards the end of fermentation at 72 h, when the fermentation was stopped. Proteases, whose primary source was the vacuoles, was found in in-creasing levels in the cytoplasm and in the fermentation broth after 48 h of induction and reached maximal values when the batch was completed at 72 h. Protease levels at various cell fractions as well as in the culture supernatant were …
The Effect Of Gas Pressure On No Conversion Energy Efficiency In Nonthermal Nitrogen Plasma, Morris D. Argyle, Gui-Bing Zhao, S.V.B. Janardhan Garikipati, Xudong Hu, Maciej Radosz
The Effect Of Gas Pressure On No Conversion Energy Efficiency In Nonthermal Nitrogen Plasma, Morris D. Argyle, Gui-Bing Zhao, S.V.B. Janardhan Garikipati, Xudong Hu, Maciej Radosz
Faculty Publications
This work explores the effect of gas pressure on the rate of electron collision reactions and energy consumption for NO conversion in N2 in a pulsed corona discharge reactor. A previous study showed that the rate constant of electron collision reactions, multiplied by the electron concentration, can be expressed as k[e] = βα−0.5P−0.5W0.75exp(−αP/W). The model parameter α remains constant with increasing gas pressure, which verifies the previous assumption that the electron temperature is inversely proportional to gas pressure. However, the model parameter β decreases with increasing gas pressure, which indicates that the rate constant of electron collision reactions decreases with …
Interfacial Stability Of Electrodeposition Of Cuprous Oxide Thin Films, Partho Neogi
Interfacial Stability Of Electrodeposition Of Cuprous Oxide Thin Films, Partho Neogi
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Experiments on deposition of Cu2O films from basic cupper sulfate solution show that copper also deposits. At low, but basic values of pH only copper deposits and at high pH only cuprous oxide deposits. In the intermediate range where both compete the system shows oscillations at "constant current." Linear stability analysis has been conducted for such an electrochemical cell to show that oscillations can take place in the parameter space identified in the experiments. The results are keeping with most of the experimental observations, which are many, but not with all. The physical mechanisms behind the oscillations are …
Stable Zeolite/Cellulose Composite Materials And Method Of Preparation, Gustavo F. Larsen
Stable Zeolite/Cellulose Composite Materials And Method Of Preparation, Gustavo F. Larsen
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents
Stable cellulosic fiber material for use in forming zeolite/cellulose composites is prepared by suspending loose cellulose fibers in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium silicate, stirring the resulting suspension until it reaches a macroscopically homogenous appearance, heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of 323-423 K until only dry solids remain, contacting the resulting mixture with excess distilled water to remove physically adsorbed or trapped sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium silicate from the fibers, and heating the resulting fiber material at 323-423 K to dry the fiber material. Stable zeolite/cellulose composite material characterized in that …
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 1, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 1, Otto Vogl
Emeritus Faculty Author Gallery
No abstract provided.
Exergy Use In Bioenergetics, Yaşar Demirel
Exergy Use In Bioenergetics, Yaşar Demirel
Papers in Analytical Chemistry
Every developed and adapted biological system extracts useful energy from outside, converts, stores it, and uses for muscular contraction, substrate transport, protein synthesis, and other energy utilizing processes. This energy management in a living cell is called the bioenergetics, and the useful energy is the exergy, which is destroyed in every irreversible process because of the entropy production. The converted exergy is the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced through the oxidative phosphorylation coupled to respiration in which the exergy originates from oxidation of reducing equivalents of nutrients. A living cell uses the ATP for all the energy demanding activities; it has …
Optimization Of Batch Reactions In Series With Uncertainty, Keith G. Tomazi
Optimization Of Batch Reactions In Series With Uncertainty, Keith G. Tomazi
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Certain types of chemical reactions, such as the global deprotection of a polypeptide, are extremely complex. As a result, it may be very difficult or expensive to develop accurate models of these chemical reactions. Without a satisfactory kinetic model for the reaction, it is difficult to develop an optimum operating policy that will maximize the profit. Stochastic optimization is applied in this work to an example process step to obtain the optimum reaction temperature and reaction time. In the case of the "here and now" problem, the optimal conditions are a lower reaction temperature and a longer reaction time than …
Liquid Holdup And Pressure Drop In The Gas-Liquid Cocurrent Downflow Packed-Bed Reactor Under Elevated Pressures, Jing Guo, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
Liquid Holdup And Pressure Drop In The Gas-Liquid Cocurrent Downflow Packed-Bed Reactor Under Elevated Pressures, Jing Guo, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
An Experimental Investigation of the Residence Time Distribution, Liquid Holdup, and Pressure Drop in a Gas-Liquid Downflow Packed Bed Reactor with Porous Particles Operated under Elevated Pressures is Presented. the Effects of the Two-Phase Flow Rates and Reactor Pressures on the External Liquid Holdup and Pressure Drop Are Discussed. a Mechanistic Model, Which Accounts for the Interaction between the Gas and Liquid Phases by Incorporating the Shear and Velocity Slip Factors between Phases, is Employed to Predict the External Liquid Holdup and Pressure Drop for the Experimentally Covered Flow Regime. the Involved Parameters, Such as Shear and Velocity Slip Factors …
Monoliths As Multiphase Reactors: A Review, Shaibal Roy, Tobias Bauer, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Peter Lehner, Thomas Turek
Monoliths As Multiphase Reactors: A Review, Shaibal Roy, Tobias Bauer, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Peter Lehner, Thomas Turek
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Monolith Reactors Are Being Studied as a Replacement for Conventional Multiphase Reactors Such as Trickle-Bed Reactors, Slurry Reactors, and Slurry Bubble Column Reactors for Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactions. Reactors with Monolith Catalyst Packing Have Been Found to Be Hydrodynamically Superior to Existing Industrial Reactors. This Review Covers Multiphase Reactions Carried Out in Monolith Reactors by Various Researchers. It First Defines the Monolith Reactor and Looks into the Geometrical Aspects of Monolith. the Section Dealing with Hydrodynamics Reviews Pressure Drop, Phase Holdup, Flow Distribution, and Dispersion Characteristics. This Study Also Considers the Tools Used to Characterize the Hydrodynamic Parameters and their Typical Values. …
Quantification Of Solids Flow In A Gas-Solid Riser: Single Radioactive Particle Tracking, Satish Bhusarapu, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Dudukovic
Quantification Of Solids Flow In A Gas-Solid Riser: Single Radioactive Particle Tracking, Satish Bhusarapu, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Dudukovic
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Solids in Risers of Circulating Fluidized Beds (CFB) Exhibit Local Backflow and Recirculation. Measurement of the Concentration-Time Response to an Impulse Injection of Tracer, Even at Two Elevations Cannot Determine the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of Solids Uniquely. Hence, Evaluation of RTD in Risers from Conventional Tracer Responses is Difficult and Often Not Possible. in Addition, Estimating the Solids Circulation Rate in These Closed Loop Systems, is a Non-Trivial Problem. in This Work, a Single Radioactive Particle in the CFB Loop is Tracked during its Multiple Visits to the Riser And, by Invoking Ergodicity, Solids Circulation Rate, Accurate Solids RTD …
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 2, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 2, Otto Vogl
Emeritus Faculty Author Gallery
No abstract provided.
Haemophilic Factors Produced By Transgenic Livestock: Abundance That Can Enable Alternative Therapies Worldwide, Kevin E. Van Cott, Paul E. Monahan, Timothy C. Nichols, William H. Velander
Haemophilic Factors Produced By Transgenic Livestock: Abundance That Can Enable Alternative Therapies Worldwide, Kevin E. Van Cott, Paul E. Monahan, Timothy C. Nichols, William H. Velander
Papers in Biotechnology
Haemophilia replacement factors, both plasma-derived and recombinant, are in relatively short supply and are high-cost products. This has stymied the study and development of alternative methods of administration of haemophilia therapy even in the most economically advanced countries, owing to the large amounts of material needed because bioabsorption and bioavailability of haemophilic factors can be less than 10% when using non-intravenous routes of delivery. There is therefore a need to increase access to therapy worldwide by decreasing the cost and increasing the abundance so that therapy can be achieved through simplified, alternative delivery methods. Transgenic livestock have been used to …
Production And Purification Of A Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A , Mark C. Mowry, Michael Meagher Lead Investigator, Leonard Smith, Anuradha Subramanian
Production And Purification Of A Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A , Mark C. Mowry, Michael Meagher Lead Investigator, Leonard Smith, Anuradha Subramanian
Papers in Biotechnology
Production of recombinant antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin is necessary for the development of a post-exposure treatment. CHO-DG44 cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding the light and heavy chains of a chimeric monoclonal antibody (S25) against botulism neurotoxin serotype A. Stable cell lines were obtained by dilution cloning and clones were shown to produce nearly equivalent levels of light and heavy chain antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In suspension culture, cells produced 35 μg/ml of chimeric antibody after 6 days, corresponding to a specific antibody productivity of 3.1 pg/cell/day. A method for the harvest and recovery of an …
Statistical Mechanics Of Worm-Like Polymers From A New Generating Function, Gustavo A. Carri, Marcelo Marucho
Statistical Mechanics Of Worm-Like Polymers From A New Generating Function, Gustavo A. Carri, Marcelo Marucho
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
We present a mathematical approach to the worm-like chain model of semiflexible polymers. Our method is built on a novel generating function from which all the properties of the model can be derived. Moreover, this approach satisfies the local inextensibility constraint exactly. In this paper, we focus on the lowest order contribution to the generating function and derive explicit analytical expressions for the characteristic function, polymer propagator, single chain structure factor, and mean square end-to-end distance. These analytical expressions are valid for polymers with any degree of stiffness and contour length. We find that our calculations are able to capture …
Chemical/Mechanical Analyses Of Anhydride-Cured Thermosetting Epoxys: Dgeba/Nma/Bdma, Wei Chian, Delmar C. Timm
Chemical/Mechanical Analyses Of Anhydride-Cured Thermosetting Epoxys: Dgeba/Nma/Bdma, Wei Chian, Delmar C. Timm
Papers in Molecular Chemistry
The chemical state of cure in a thermosetting resin was used to predict the resin’s equilibrium modulus. High performance liquid chromatography analyses of the sol fraction yielded molar dynamics for monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric molecules. Their population density distributions were compared with theoretical predictions based on a chain-growth polymerization mechanism. The resulting chemical estimates of the state of cure were integrated into calculations yielding concentrations of network structures within the gel that contribute to the density of elastically active strands and junctions. The theory of rubber elasticity was then used to predict the equilibrium modulus. Measurements incorporated dynamic mechanical analysis. …
Kinetic Reaction Analysis Of An Anhydride-Cured Thermoplastic Ep-Oxy:Pge/Nma/Bdma, Wei Chian, Delmar C. Timm
Kinetic Reaction Analysis Of An Anhydride-Cured Thermoplastic Ep-Oxy:Pge/Nma/Bdma, Wei Chian, Delmar C. Timm
Papers in Molecular Chemistry
A comprehensive reaction analysis of a linear epoxy resin cured with an anhydride was performed to evaluate the reaction rate expressions. Monomers included phenyl glycidyl ether and methyl- 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride or nadic methyl anhydride; the catalyst was N,N-dimethylbenzylamine; the initiator was n-propanol. Emphasis was initially placed on the molar dynamics of monomeric and oligomeric molecules. Molecular fractionations were achieved using reversed phase, high performance liquid chromatography. Chemical reaction rate constants were examined as a function of degree of polym-erization. For the chain-initiated polymerization, the initiation rate constant was observed to be approximately 3 times greater than the propagation constant associated …
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 3, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 3, Otto Vogl
Emeritus Faculty Author Gallery
No abstract provided.
Determining Suitability Of A Fly Ash For Silica Extraction And Zeolite Synthesis, Natàlia Moreno, Xavier Querol, Angel López-Soler, José Manuel Andres, Maria Janssen, Henk Nugteren, Mark R. Towler, Kenneth Stanton
Determining Suitability Of A Fly Ash For Silica Extraction And Zeolite Synthesis, Natàlia Moreno, Xavier Querol, Angel López-Soler, José Manuel Andres, Maria Janssen, Henk Nugteren, Mark R. Towler, Kenneth Stanton
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Zeolitic material is obtained from fly ash both by direct conversion of the ash or from SiO2 extracts obtained from fly ash. This study focuses on determining the suitability of a fly ash for SiO2 extraction and for zeolite synthesis by direct conversion. The SiO2 extraction experiments from different fly ashes show that the main parameters governing the SiO2 extraction are: (a) a high bulk SiO2 content (> 52%, for obtaining an extraction yield of 100 g SiO2 kg-1) in the starting fly ash, (b) a high proportion (> 55%) of the bulk SiO …
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 4, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 4, Otto Vogl
Emeritus Faculty Author Gallery
No abstract provided.
Induced Defects In Carbonaceous Materials For Hydrogen Storage, Angela D. Lueking, Caroline E. Burgess Clifford, Deepa L. Narayanan
Induced Defects In Carbonaceous Materials For Hydrogen Storage, Angela D. Lueking, Caroline E. Burgess Clifford, Deepa L. Narayanan
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The induced defects in carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage were studied. The effect of exfoliation was studied and the graphite nanofibers (GNF) diameter before and after exfoliation was quantified. Thermal decomposition of the GNF before and after sulfuric/nitric acid exfoliation indicated a clear loss of thermal stability. GNF exfoliation enhanced the hydrogen uptake by a factor of five compared to the untreated GNF. The amorphous carbon was reactive than GNF, and decomposed before the GNF. The higher pretreatment temperature was intended to preferentially remove amorphous carbon leaving a higher purity of exfoliated GNF.
Investigation Into The Ultrasonic Setting Of Glass Ionomer Cements : Part Ii Setting Times And Compressive Strengths, E. Twomey, Mark R. Towler, C. M. Crowley, J. Doyle, S. Hampshire
Investigation Into The Ultrasonic Setting Of Glass Ionomer Cements : Part Ii Setting Times And Compressive Strengths, E. Twomey, Mark R. Towler, C. M. Crowley, J. Doyle, S. Hampshire
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The ultrasonic setting of glass ionomer cements (GIC) was discussed. It was observed that the ultrasonic setting resulted in improvements of compressive strength. An increase in the PAA molecular weight from PAA50 to PAA200 resulted in an increase in the strength, but with a further increase in the PAA molecular weight to PAA450, there was a reduction in the strength. Results show that the strength of the ultrasonically set materials after 1 day were close to the values for the 7 days chemically set samples.
Onset Of Tethered Chain Overcrowding, William Y. Chen, Joseph X. Zheng, Stephen Z. D. Cheng, Christopher Y. Li, Ping Huang, Huiming Xiong, Qing Ge, Ya Guo, Roderic P. Quirk, Bernard Lotz, Lingfeng Deng, Chi Wu, Edwin L. Thomas
Onset Of Tethered Chain Overcrowding, William Y. Chen, Joseph X. Zheng, Stephen Z. D. Cheng, Christopher Y. Li, Ping Huang, Huiming Xiong, Qing Ge, Ya Guo, Roderic P. Quirk, Bernard Lotz, Lingfeng Deng, Chi Wu, Edwin L. Thomas
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
We proposed an approach to precisely control the density of tethered chains on solid substrates using PEO-b-PS and PLLA-b-PS. As the crystallization temperature T-x increased, the PEO or PLLA lamellar crystal thickness d(L) increased as well as the reduced tethering density (σ) over tilde of the PS chains. The onset of tethered PS chains overcrowding in solution occurs at (σ) over tilde*similar to3.7-3.8 as evidenced by an abrupt change in the slope between (d(L))(-1) and T-x. This results from the extra surface free energy created by the tethered chain that starts to affect the growth barrier of the crystalline blocks.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 5, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 5, Otto Vogl
Emeritus Faculty Author Gallery
No abstract provided.
Final Report: Engineering Design Of Stable Immobilized Enzymes For The Hydrolysis And Transesterification Of Triglycerides, Dr.Hossein Noureddini, Gustavo F. Larsen
Final Report: Engineering Design Of Stable Immobilized Enzymes For The Hydrolysis And Transesterification Of Triglycerides, Dr.Hossein Noureddini, Gustavo F. Larsen
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Funded Proposals
Enzyme Immobilization. Work will continue in the area of enzymatic transesterification reaction (biodiesel). Both methyl and ethyl esters will be used in this study. Unlike the chemical reaction where methanol has a clear advantage over ethanol, ethanol can be used as easily as methanol in the enzymatic reaction.
Sol/Gel Structure Modification. Work will concentrate on the effect of the vacuum procedure on pore size and distribution for the transesterification reaction. Additives such as glucose have been very effective in the hydrolysis reaction and will be explored further in the transesterification reaction.
Characterization. The developed material will be characterized for the …
Project-Based Introduction To Engineering - A University Core Course, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Bouzid Aliane, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Michael Collura
Project-Based Introduction To Engineering - A University Core Course, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Bouzid Aliane, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Michael Collura
Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications
This paper describes a first year engineering course that is taken by both engineering and non-engineering students. The project-based Introduction to Engineering course, EAS107P, fulfills a university core curriculum elective. Although engineering students take the course during their first year, students from other majors typically elect to take the course later in their curriculum. The focus of EAS107P is to have students experience the engineering design and problem solving process in a multi-disciplinary, team-based setting. In addition to learning about design, students develop an interest in the engineering profession and build a foundation of skills for future work. An additional …
Development Of A Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Bouzid Aliane, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Michael Collura
Development Of A Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Bouzid Aliane, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Michael Collura
Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications
To operate effectively in today’s workforce engineers need to have a muti-disciplinary perspective along with substantial disciplinary depth. This broad perspective cannot be achieved by merely taking 2 or 3 engineering courses outside of the major, but rather will require a radical change in the way we educate engineers. The faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of New Haven have developed a new approach: the Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral. This curricular model provides the needed mix of breadth and depth, along with the desired professional skills, by providing carefully crafted, well-coordinated curricular experiences in …