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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
Nanomanufacturing Of Biomaterials, Yoni Engel, Jessica D. Schiffman, Julie M. Goddard, Vincent M. Rotello
Nanomanufacturing Of Biomaterials, Yoni Engel, Jessica D. Schiffman, Julie M. Goddard, Vincent M. Rotello
Jessica D. Schiffman
In this review, we present a few of the many important objectives in the area of biomedical engineering that could open new pathways for nextgeneration biomaterials. We also provide examples of how materials for these goals can be created in an economically viable means through recent advances in high throughput production. These strategies highlight the potential for nanomanufacturing in a variety of areas of importance for human health and safety.
Genome-Based Modeling And Design Of Metabolic Interactions In Microbial Communities, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan, Michael A. Henson
Genome-Based Modeling And Design Of Metabolic Interactions In Microbial Communities, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan, Michael A. Henson
Michael A Henson
Biotechnology research is traditionally focused on individual microbial strains that are perceived to have the necessary metabolic functions, or the capability to have these functions introduced, to achieve a particular task. For many important applications, the development of such omnipotent microbes is an extremely challenging if not impossible task. By contrast, nature employs a radically different strategy based on synergistic combinations of different microbial species that collectively achieve the desired task. These natural communities have evolved to exploit the native metabolic capabilities of each species and are highly adaptive to changes in their environments. However, microbial communities have proven difficult …
Identification And Expression Analysis Of Methyl Jasmonate Responsive Ests In Paclitaxel Producing Taxus Cuspidata Suspension Culture Cells, Sangram K. Lenka, Nadia Boutaoui, Bibin Paulose, Kham Vongpaseuth, Jennifer Normanly, Susan C. Roberts, Elsbeth L. Walker
Identification And Expression Analysis Of Methyl Jasmonate Responsive Ests In Paclitaxel Producing Taxus Cuspidata Suspension Culture Cells, Sangram K. Lenka, Nadia Boutaoui, Bibin Paulose, Kham Vongpaseuth, Jennifer Normanly, Susan C. Roberts, Elsbeth L. Walker
Susan C Roberts
Background Taxol(R)(paclitaxel) promotes microtubule assembly and stabilization and therefore is a potent chemotherapeutic agent against wide range of cancers. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) elicited Taxus cell cultures provide a sustainable option to meet the growing market demand for paclitaxel. Despite its increasing pharmaceutical importance, the molecular genetics of paclitaxel biosynthesis is not fully elucidated. This study focuses on identification of MJ responsive transcripts in cultured Taxus cells using PCR-based suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify genes involved in global pathway control. Results Six separate SSH cDNA libraries of paclitaxel-accumulating Taxus cuspidata P991 cell lines were constructed at three different post-elicitation time …
A Population Balance Equation Model Of Aggregation Dynamics In Taxus Suspension Cell Cultures, Martin E. Kolewe, Susan C. Roberts, Michael A. Henson
A Population Balance Equation Model Of Aggregation Dynamics In Taxus Suspension Cell Cultures, Martin E. Kolewe, Susan C. Roberts, Michael A. Henson
Michael A Henson
The nature of plant cells to grow as multicellular aggregates in suspension culture has profound effects on bioprocess performance. Recent advances in the measurement of plant cell aggregate size allow for routine process monitoring of this property. We have exploited this capability to develop a conceptual model to describe changes in the aggregate size distribution that are observed over the course of a Taxus cell suspension batch culture. We utilized the population balance equation framework to describe plant cell aggregates as a particulate system, accounting for the relevant phenomenological processes underlying aggregation, such as growth and breakage. We compared model …
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Of Wood And Alcohol Mixtures In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, George W. Huber, H. Zhang, T. R. Carlson, R. Xiao
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Of Wood And Alcohol Mixtures In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, George W. Huber, H. Zhang, T. R. Carlson, R. Xiao
George W. Huber
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of pine wood, alcohols (methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol) and their mixtures with ZSM-5 catalyst were conducted in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The effects of temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the product carbon yields and selectivities of CFP of pure pine wood and methanol were investigated. A maximum carbon yield of petrochemicals (aromatics + C2–C4 olefins + C5 compounds) from pine wood of 23.7% was obtained at a temperature of 600 °C and WHSV of 0.35 h−1. A maximum petrochemical yield from methanol of 80.7% was obtained at a temperature of 400 …
Production Of Renewable Aromatic Compounds By Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Biomass With Bifunctional Ga/Zsm-5 Catalysts, George W. Huber, Y. Cheng, J. Jae, J. Shi, W. Fan
Production Of Renewable Aromatic Compounds By Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Biomass With Bifunctional Ga/Zsm-5 Catalysts, George W. Huber, Y. Cheng, J. Jae, J. Shi, W. Fan
George W. Huber
Heiße Sache! Mit dem neuen difunktionellen Katalysator Ga/ZSM-5 entstehen aromatische Verbindungen bei der schnellen katalytischen Pyrolyse von Biomasse selektiver. Der ZSM-5-Katalysator mit Ga-Promotor wandelt Olefine wie Ethen und Propen, die als Intermediate entstehen, effizienter in Arene (insbesondere Benzol) um. Ga/ZSM-5 vermittelt auch Decarbonylierungen und die Aromatisierung von Olefinen.
Kinetics And Reaction Chemistryifor Slow Pyrolysis Of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin And Organosolv Extracted Lignin Derived From Maplewood, George W. Huber, J. Cho, S. Chu, P. J. Dauenhaue
Kinetics And Reaction Chemistryifor Slow Pyrolysis Of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin And Organosolv Extracted Lignin Derived From Maplewood, George W. Huber, J. Cho, S. Chu, P. J. Dauenhaue
George W. Huber
The kinetics and reaction chemistry for the pyrolysis of Maplewood lignin were investigated using both a pyroprobe reactor and a thermogravimetric analyser mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Lignin residue after enzymatic hydrolysis and organosolv lignin derived from Maplewood were used to measure the kinetic behaviours of lignin pyrolysis and to analyse pyrolysis product distributions. The enzymatic lignin residue pyrolyzed at lower temperature than that of organosolv lignin. The differential thermogravimetric (DTG) peaks for pyrolysis of the enzymatic residue were more similar to the DTG peaks for pyrolysis of the original Maplewood than DTG of the organosolv lignin. The condensable liquid volatile products …
Kinetics And Reaction Chemistry For Slow Pyrolysis Of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin And Organosolv Extracted Lignin Derived From Maplewood, Paul J. Dauenhauer, J. Cho, S. Chu, G. W. Huber
Kinetics And Reaction Chemistry For Slow Pyrolysis Of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin And Organosolv Extracted Lignin Derived From Maplewood, Paul J. Dauenhauer, J. Cho, S. Chu, G. W. Huber
Paul J. Dauenhauer
The kinetics and reaction chemistry for the pyrolysis of Maplewood lignin were investigated using both a pyroprobe reactor and a thermogravimetric analyser mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Lignin residue after enzymatic hydrolysis and organosolv lignin derived from Maplewood were used to measure the kinetic behaviours of lignin pyrolysis and to analyse pyrolysis product distributions. The enzymatic lignin residue pyrolyzed at lower temperature than that of organosolv lignin. The differential thermogravimetric (DTG) peaks for pyrolysis of the enzymatic residue were more similar to the DTG peaks for pyrolysis of the original Maplewood than DTG of the organosolv lignin. The condensable liquid volatile products …
Revealing Pyrolysis Chemistry For Biofuels Production: Conversion Of Cellulose To Furans And Small Oxygenates, Paul J. Dauenhauer, M S. Mettler, S. H. Mushrif, A. D. Paulsen, D. G. Vlachos, A. D. Javadekar
Revealing Pyrolysis Chemistry For Biofuels Production: Conversion Of Cellulose To Furans And Small Oxygenates, Paul J. Dauenhauer, M S. Mettler, S. H. Mushrif, A. D. Paulsen, D. G. Vlachos, A. D. Javadekar
Paul J. Dauenhauer
Biomass pyrolysis utilizes high temperatures to produce an economically renewable intermediate (pyrolysis oil) that can be integrated with the existing petroleum infrastructure to produce biofuels. The initial chemical reactions in pyrolysis convert solid biopolymers, such as cellulose (up to 60% of biomass), to a short-lived (less than 0.1 s) liquid phase, which subsequently reacts to produce volatile products. In this work, we develop a novel thin-film pyrolysis technique to overcome typical experimental limitations in biopolymer pyrolysis and identify α-cyclodextrin as an appropriate small-molecule surrogate of cellulose. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed with this surrogate to reveal the long-debated …
Identification Of Synthetic Host Defense Peptide Mimics That Exert Dual Antimicrobial And Anti-Inflammatory Activities, Nicolás Navasa, Abhigyan Som, Avital Percher, Richard W. Scott, Gregory N. Tew, Juan Anguita
Identification Of Synthetic Host Defense Peptide Mimics That Exert Dual Antimicrobial And Anti-Inflammatory Activities, Nicolás Navasa, Abhigyan Som, Avital Percher, Richard W. Scott, Gregory N. Tew, Juan Anguita
Gregory N. Tew
A group of synthetic antimicrobial oligomers, inspired by naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides, were analyzed for the ability to modulate innate immune responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. These synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) specifically reduced cytokine production in response to Staphylococcus aureus and the S. aureus component lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist. Anti-inflammatory SMAMPs prevented the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in response to S. aureus or LTA, but no other TLR2 ligands. We show that these SMAMPs bind specifically to LTA in vitro and prevent its interaction with TLR2. Importantly, the …
Anion Mediated Activation Of Guanidine Rich Small Molecules, Abhigyan Som, Yongjiang Xu, Richard W. Scott, Gregory N. Tew
Anion Mediated Activation Of Guanidine Rich Small Molecules, Abhigyan Som, Yongjiang Xu, Richard W. Scott, Gregory N. Tew
Gregory N. Tew
No abstract provided.