Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons^™

Auger Timing Effects On Performance Of A Combine Unloading System, Todd Philip Cole

Open Access Master's Theses (through 2010)

Performance effects were measured on a combine unloading system using three different auger timing settings.Performance measures included maximum startup torque, mean operating torque, standard deviation of the operating torque, flow rate of grain through the system, and mechanical damage to the grain.The performance effects were measured with the system unloading corn and soybeans.

The data were statistically analyzed to check for interactions between the grains and differences between the timings.Using an alpha value of 0.1 it was found that timing 1 for both grains had a 3% (<2.4 L/s) higher flow rate over timings 2 and 3.Timings 1 and 2 for both grains had higher maximum startup torque, about 10% (60 N·m) more torque required than timing 3.In soybeans, timings 2 and 3 also had the smallest standard deviation in operating torque, about 30% (20 N·m) less than timing 1.We were unable to detect any differences in mechanical damage to corn or soybeans as a result of unloading auger timing.These findings suggest that timing 3, with the cross augers lagging 90° behind the vertical unloading auger, may require less maximum startup torque and less variation in torque for the cross augers to effectively fill the loosely filled space left after the vertical auger lifts the grain without extra torque effects of having the augers push against each other as they do in timing 1.

Advisor: Michael F. Kocher

Characterization Of Vadose Zone Sediment: Uncontaminated Rcra Borehole Core Samples And Composite Samples, R. J. Serne, B. N. Bjornstad, H. T. Schaef, B. A. Williams, D. C. Lanigan, D. G. Horton, R. E. Clayton, A. V. Mitroshkov, V. L. Legore, M. J. O’Hara, C. F. Brown, K. E. Parker, I. V. Kutnyakov, J. N. Serne, G. V. Last, Steven Smith, C. W. Lindenmeier, John M. Zachara, D. B. Burke

US Department of Energy Publications

The overall goal of the of the Tank Farm Vadose Zone Project, led by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc., is to define risks from past and future single-shell tank farm activities. To meet this goal, CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. asked scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to perform detailed analyses on vadose zone sediment from within the S-SX Waste Management Area. This report is one in a series of four reports to present the results of these analyses. Specifically, this report contains all the geologic, geochemical, and selected physical characterization data collected on vadose zone sediment recovered from Resource …

Biomineralization Of Poorly Crystalline Fe(Iii) Oxides By Dissimilatory Metal Reducing Bacteria (Dmrb), John M. Zachara, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, James K. Fredrickson, Yuri A. Gorby, Steven C. Smith

US Department of Energy Publications

Dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB) catalyze the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in anoxic soils, sediments, and groundwater. Two-line ferrihydrite is a bioavailable Fe(III) oxide form that is exploited by DMRB as a terminal electron acceptor. A wide variety of biomineralization products result from the interaction of DMRB with 2-line ferrihydrite. Here we describe the state of knowledge on the biotransformation of synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite by laboratory cultures of DMRB using select published data and new experimental results. A facultative DMRB is emphasized (Shewanella putrefaciens) upon which most of this work has been performed. Key factors controlling the identity of …

Reduction Kinetics Of Fe(Iii), Co(Iii), U(Vi), Cr(Vi), And Tc(Vii) In Cultures Of Dissimilatory Metal-Reducing Bacteria, Chongxuan Liu, Yuri A. Gorby, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson, Christopher F. Brown

US Department of Energy Publications

The reduction kinetics of Fe(III)citrate, Fe(III)NTA, Co(III)EDTA⁻, U(VI)O₂²⁺, Cr(VI)O₄²⁻, and Tc(VII)O₄⁻ were studied in cultures of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB): Shewanella alga strain BrY, Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32, Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1, and Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15. Reduction rates were metal specific with the following rate trend: Fe (III)citrate ≥ Fe(III)NTA > Co(III)EDTA⁻ ›› UO₂ ²⁺ > CrO₄²⁻ > TcO₄⁻, except for CrO₄²⁻ when H₂ was used as electron donor. The metal reduction rates were also electron donor dependent with faster rates …

Modeling The Inhibition Of The Bacterial Reduction Of U(Vi) By Β-Mno2(S), Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson, David W. Kennedy, Alice Dohnalkova

US Department of Energy Publications

Pyrolusite (β-MnO_2(s)) was used to assess the influence of a competitive electron acceptor on the kinetics of reduction of aqueous uranyl carbonate by a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium (DMRB), Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32. The enzymatic reduction of U(VI) and β-MnO_2(s) and the abiotic redox reaction between β-MnO_2(s) and biogenic uraninite (UO_2(s)) were independently investigated to allow for interpretation of studies of U(VI) bioreduction in the presence of β-MnO_2(s). Uranyl bioreduction to UO_2(s) by CN32 with H2 as the electron donor followed Monod kinetics, with a maximum specific reduction rate of 110 µM/h/10 …

Influence Of Mn Oxides On The Reduction Of Uranium(Vi) By The Metal-Reducing Bacterium Shewanella Putrefaciens, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara, David Kennedy, Chongxuan Liu, Martine Duff, Douglas Hunter, Alice Dohnalkova

US Department of Energy Publications

The potential for Mn oxides to modify the biogeochemical behavior of U during reduction by the subsurface bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32 was investigated using synthetic Mn(III/IV) oxides (pyrolusite [β-MnO₂], bixbyite [Mn₂O₃] and K⁺-birnessite [K₄Mn₁₄O₂₇ • 8H₂O]). In the absence of bacteria, pyrolusite and bixbyite oxidized biogenic uraninite (UO₂[s]) to soluble U(VI) species, with bixbyite being the most rapid oxidant. The Mn(III/IV) oxides lowered the bioreduction rate of U(VI) relative to rates in their absence or in the presence of gibbsite …

Sorption Of Cs+ To Micaceous Subsurface Sediments From The Hanford Site, Usa, John M. Zachara, Steven Smith, Chongxuan Liu, James Mckinley, R. Jeffrey Serne, Paul Gassman

US Department of Energy Publications

The sorption of Cs⁺ was investigated over a large concentration range (10^-9–10^-2 mol/L) on subsurface sediments from a United States nuclear materials site (Hanford) where high-level nuclear wastes (HLW) have been accidentally released to the vadose zone. The sediment sorbs large amounts of radiocesium, but expedited migration has been observed when HLW (a NaNO₃ brine) is the carrier. Cs⁺ sorption was measured on homoionic sediments (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺) with electrolyte concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mol/L. In Na⁺ electrolyte, concentrations were extended to near saturation with …

Ft-Nir Spectroscopic Analysis Of Nitrogen In Cotton Leaves, Mark R. Riley, Loreto C. Canaves

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Near-infrared spectroscopy was evaluated as a means to quantify the nitrogen content- in fresh cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Delta Pine 90) subjected to a factorial design experiment of varying nitrogen and water applications. Absorbance spectra were collected in the 10000-4000 cm^-1 (1000-2500 nm) region from fresh cotton leaves over a two month portion of the growing season. Total nitrogen content was quantified by a wet chemistry Kjeldahl method for validation purposes. Partial least-squares regression analysis, using an automated grid search method, selected the spectral region 6041 to 5651 cm^-1 (1650-1770 nm) for analysis based on having …