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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Engineering Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoassemblies: Rational Designs For Intracellular Delivery Of Biologics, Kingshuk Dutta
Engineering Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoassemblies: Rational Designs For Intracellular Delivery Of Biologics, Kingshuk Dutta
Doctoral Dissertations
Biologic drugs have gained enormous research attention in recent years as reflected by the development of multiple candidates to the clinical pipelines and an increased percentage of FDA approval. This is reasoned by the fact that biologics have been proven to deliver more predictive and promising benefits for many hard-to-cure diseases by ‘drugging the undruggable’ targets. However, the challenges associated with biologic drug development are multi-fold, viz, poor encapsulation efficacy, systemic instability, low cellular internalization and endosomal escape capability. Thus, it is essential to develop new molecular strategies that can not only address the associated drug delivery challenges, but also …
Controlled Membrane Remodeling By Nanospheres And Nanorods: Experiments Targeting The Design Principles For Membrane-Based Materials, Sarah Zuraw-Weston
Controlled Membrane Remodeling By Nanospheres And Nanorods: Experiments Targeting The Design Principles For Membrane-Based Materials, Sarah Zuraw-Weston
Doctoral Dissertations
In this thesis we explore two experimental systems probing the interactions of nanoparticles with lipid bilayer membranes. Inspired by the ability of cell membranes to alter their shape in response to bound particles, we report two experimental studies: one of nanospheres the other of long, slender nano-rods binding to lipid bilayer vesicles and altering the membrane shape. Our work illuminates the role of particle geometry, particle concentration, adhesion strength and membrane tension in how membrane morphology is determined. We combine giant unilamellar vesicles with oppositely charged nanoparticles, carefully tuning adhesion strength, membrane tension and particle concentration. In the case of …
Micro-Physiological Models To Mimic Mucosal Barrier Complexity Of The Human Intestine In Vitro, Abhinav Sharma
Micro-Physiological Models To Mimic Mucosal Barrier Complexity Of The Human Intestine In Vitro, Abhinav Sharma
Doctoral Dissertations
The mucosal barrier in the intestine is vital to maintain selective absorption of nutrients while protecting internal tissues and maintaining symbiotic relationship with luminal microbiota. This bio-barrier consists of a cellular epithelial barrier and an acellular mucus barrier. Secreted mucus regulates barrier function via in situ biochemical and biophysical interaction with luminal content that continually evolves during digestion and absorption. Increasing evidence suggests that a mucus barrier is indispensable to maintain homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the importance of mucus barrier is largely underrated for in vitro mucosal tissue modeling. The major gap is the lack of experimental material …
Engineering Mesothelin-Binding Proteins As Targeted Cancer Diagnostics And Therapeutics, Allison Rita Sirois
Engineering Mesothelin-Binding Proteins As Targeted Cancer Diagnostics And Therapeutics, Allison Rita Sirois
Doctoral Dissertations
Cancer is a significant global health concern; and traditional therapies, including chemotherapeutics, are often simultaneously toxic yet ineffective. There is a critical need to develop targeted cancer therapeutics which specifically inhibit molecules or molecular pathways essential for tumor growth and maintenance. Furthermore, a targeted therapy is only effective when a patient's tumor expresses the molecular target; therefore, companion diagnostics, including molecular imaging agents, are a necessary counterpart of targeted therapies. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface protein overexpressed in numerous cancers, including triple-negative breast, pancreatic, ovarian, liver, and lung, with limited expression in normal tissues. Aberrant MSLN expression promotes tumor …
Automated Intelligent Cueing Device To Improve Ambient Gait Behaviors For Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Nader Naghavi
Automated Intelligent Cueing Device To Improve Ambient Gait Behaviors For Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Nader Naghavi
Doctoral Dissertations
Freezing of gait (FoG) is a common motor dysfunction in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). FoG impairs walking and is associated with increased fall risk. Although pharmacological treatments have shown promise during ON-medication periods, FoG remains difficult to treat during medication OFF state and in advanced stages of the disease. External cueing therapy in the forms of visual, auditory, and vibrotactile, has been effective in treating gait deviations. Intelligent (or on-demand) cueing devices are novel systems that analyze gait patterns in real-time and activate cues only at moments when specific gait alterations are detected. In this study we developed methods …
Effect Of Ambient Oxidation On Chemical Composition And Structural Properties Of Iron Nanoparticles For Hyperthermia And Medical Imaging, Adam Wesley Evans
Effect Of Ambient Oxidation On Chemical Composition And Structural Properties Of Iron Nanoparticles For Hyperthermia And Medical Imaging, Adam Wesley Evans
Doctoral Dissertations
With magnetization saturation roughly twice that of iron oxide nanoparticles, metallic iron nanoparticles (also termed zero-valent iron nanoparticles) have desirable properties for use as a magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) contrast agent as well as a medium for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Metallic iron nanoparticles, however, are difficult to synthesize and maintain due to their high degree of reactivity and proclivity for oxidation. The main goal of this study was to investigate how ambient oxidation affects the chemical composition and structural properties of metallic iron nanoparticles initially synthesized through a facile reduction reaction of iron (III) chloride with sodium borohydride. A …
Phylogenetics And Association Analyses Illustrate Substantial Cryptic Diversity Of A Newly Isolated Collection Of Cenococcum Geophilum, Jessica Velez
Phylogenetics And Association Analyses Illustrate Substantial Cryptic Diversity Of A Newly Isolated Collection Of Cenococcum Geophilum, Jessica Velez
Doctoral Dissertations
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum is distributed worldwide across multiple climates and soil types and is known to positively associate with a multitude of plant genera, possibly contributing to plant ability to tolerate inorganic contaminants in a soil environment. New C. geophilum isolates are easily cultured from soils in a laboratory setting, making this an ideal candidate for a model species with which to study multiple plant-fungal effects across a collection of novel isolates. However, C. geophilum is also genetically complex and, at 178Mbp, features one of the largest fungal genomes, necessitating the use of the novel restriction-associated DNA sequencing …
Analysis And Enhancement Of Human Cognitive Control Using Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces, Soheil Borhani
Analysis And Enhancement Of Human Cognitive Control Using Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces, Soheil Borhani
Doctoral Dissertations
Cognitive control including attention and working memory are crucial to human daily life. Whether a civilian who walks across a street or a military service member who is responsible for navigating a mission, cognitive control is involved, entirely. This ability is subject to impairment. People with attention disorder are easily disposed to distraction and lacks the ability to maintain the focus to a task. Multiple treatment strategies have been suggested which most of them has been pharmaceutical. Evidently, the medical treatment has side effects for long-term use. Moreover, it has a risk of drug misuse. Another line of treatment is …
Engineering Platforms For Advancing Plant Synthetic Biology, Tayler Marie Schimel Mcneillie
Engineering Platforms For Advancing Plant Synthetic Biology, Tayler Marie Schimel Mcneillie
Doctoral Dissertations
This work describes research aimed at adapting advanced engineering systems for plant biotechnology. The droplet interface bilayer (DIB) is a robust and versatile platform for replicating model cell membranes, providing a bottom-up approach for synthetic cell- and tissue-like structures. In this work, a microfluidic device featuring five inlets, one for the continuous oil phase and four discrete aqueous channels for droplet generation was designed. Droplet production rates were controlled by adjusting the applied pressure of each inlet; and thus, altering the droplet sequence for capturing linear DIB networks in a downstream hydrodynamic trapping array. This microfluidic system provides a high-throughput …
Approaches To Studying Bacterial Biofilms In The Bioeconomy With Nanofabrication Techniques And Engineered Platforms., Michelle Caroline Halsted
Approaches To Studying Bacterial Biofilms In The Bioeconomy With Nanofabrication Techniques And Engineered Platforms., Michelle Caroline Halsted
Doctoral Dissertations
Studies that estimate more than 90% of bacteria subsist in a biofilm state to survive environmental stressors. These biofilms persist on man-made and natural surfaces, and examples of the rich biofilm diversity extends from the roots of bioenergy crops to electroactive biofilms in bioelectrochemical reactors. Efforts to optimize microbial systems in the bioeconomy will benefit from an improved fundamental understanding of bacterial biofilms. An understanding of these microbial systems shows promise to increase crop yields with precision agriculture (e.g. biosynthetic fertilizer, microbial pesticides, and soil remediation) and increase commodity production yields in bioreactors. Yet conventional laboratory methods investigate these micron-scale …
Elucidating Mechanisms Of Metastasis With Implantable Biomaterial Niches, Ryan Adam Carpenter
Elucidating Mechanisms Of Metastasis With Implantable Biomaterial Niches, Ryan Adam Carpenter
Doctoral Dissertations
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related deaths, yet it remains the most poorly understood aspect of tumor biology. This can be attributed to the lack of relevant experimental models that can recapitulate the complex and lengthy progression of metastatic relapse observed in patients. Mouse models have been widely used to study cancer, however they are critically limited to study metastasis. Most models generate aggressive metastases in the lung without the use of unique cell lines or specialized injection techniques. This limits the ability to study disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in other relevant metastasis prone tissues. Prolonged observation of …
Investigation On Nanoparticle Based Combination Therapy For Targeted Cancer Treatment, Muhammad Raisul Abedin
Investigation On Nanoparticle Based Combination Therapy For Targeted Cancer Treatment, Muhammad Raisul Abedin
Doctoral Dissertations
“The current treatment methods in cancer are associated with toxicity in healthy tissues, partial therapeutic response, drug resistance and finally recurrence of the disease. The cancer drugs are challenged by non-specific binding, undesired toxicity in healthy cells, low therapeutic index and finally poor therapeutic outcome. In this work, a targeted nanoscale therapeutic system Antibody Drug Nanoparticle (ADN) was engineered to selectively inhibit the breast cancer cell growth with reduced toxicity in healthy cells. The ADNs were designed by synthesizing rod shaped anoparticles using pure chemotherapeutic drug and covalently conjugating a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the surface of the drug …
Design Of X-Ray Source For Real-Time Computed Tomography, Wesley William Tucker
Design Of X-Ray Source For Real-Time Computed Tomography, Wesley William Tucker
Doctoral Dissertations
"The reduction of motion blur in computed tomography (CT) drives the current research for multisource CT. Due to their compact nature, the current multisource systems utilize stationary angled anodes. Unfortunately, these configurations neither simplify the imaging geometry, nor satisfy the need for managing the high thermal loads demanded by real-time CT (30 acquisition frames per second). To add to the current field of knowledge, two x-ray tube concepts are presented in this dissertation. First, a simulation of transient thermal analysis was performed on a compact transmission-type x-ray tube anode operating in pulse-mode. A correlation was found between deposited beam power …
Deep Learning For Digitized Histology Image Analysis, Sudhir Sornapudi
Deep Learning For Digitized Histology Image Analysis, Sudhir Sornapudi
Doctoral Dissertations
“Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer that affects women worldwide. Assessment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) through histopathology remains as the standard for absolute determination of cancer. The examination of tissue samples under a microscope requires considerable time and effort from expert pathologists. There is a need to design an automated tool to assist pathologists for digitized histology slide analysis. Pre-cervical cancer is generally determined by examining the CIN which is the growth of atypical cells from the basement membrane (bottom) to the top of the epithelium. It has four grades, including: Normal, CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3. In …