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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
The Role Of Generative Adversarial Networks In Bioimage Analysis And Computational Diagnostics., Ahmed Naglah
The Role Of Generative Adversarial Networks In Bioimage Analysis And Computational Diagnostics., Ahmed Naglah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Computational technologies can contribute to the modeling and simulation of the biological environments and activities towards achieving better interpretations, analysis, and understanding. With the emergence of digital pathology, we can observe an increasing demand for more innovative, effective, and efficient computational models. Under the umbrella of artificial intelligence, deep learning mimics the brain’s way in learn complex relationships through data and experiences. In the field of bioimage analysis, models usually comprise discriminative approaches such as classification and segmentation tasks. In this thesis, we study how we can use generative AI models to improve bioimage analysis tasks using Generative Adversarial Networks …
The Role Of Mri In Diagnosing Autism: A Machine Learning Perspective., Yaser Elnakieb
The Role Of Mri In Diagnosing Autism: A Machine Learning Perspective., Yaser Elnakieb
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is approximately 1 in every 44 children in the United States suffers from autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a disorder characterized by social and behavioral impairments. Communication difficulties, interpersonal difficulties, and behavioral difficulties are the top common symptoms. Even though symptoms can begin as early as infancy, it may take multiple visits to a pediatric specialist before an accurate diagnosis can be made. In addition, the diagnosis can be subjective, and different specialists may give different scores. There is a growing body of research suggesting differences in brain development and/or environmental and/or genetic factors contribute to autism development, but scientists …
Re-Engineering Cardio-Oncology Testing Using Biomimetic Heart Slice Cultures., Jessica Miller
Re-Engineering Cardio-Oncology Testing Using Biomimetic Heart Slice Cultures., Jessica Miller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
28% of drug withdrawal from the market are due to unforeseen disruptions in cardiomyocyte contractility and electrophysiology. The most commonly used platforms for drug testing are in vivo animal models and in vitro cell culture models. While both have been of paramount importance for the discovery and detection of many cardiotoxicities and mechanisms of action, they lack the ability to model an intact human myocardium. This work aims to establish cardiac tissue slices, which are 300-micron thin tissue sections taken from the left ventricular myocardium, as an alternative platform for cardio-oncology studies, specifically cardiotoxicity testing. Additionally, this work aims to …
Establishing The Efficacy Of Non-Cellular Components Of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction In Promoting Angiogenesis., Daniel Benson
Establishing The Efficacy Of Non-Cellular Components Of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction In Promoting Angiogenesis., Daniel Benson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Microvascular disease is hallmarked by pathophysiological conditions such as endothelial senescence, intimal thickening which impairs vasodilation, and regression of the capillary beds causing tissue ischemia in the myocardium or in peripheral vascular networks. Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has previously demonstrated the ability to revascularize tissue. Increasing evidence shows that regenerative cells elicit their therapeutic benefit by paracrine mechanisms, leaving open extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a potential crux of the cell therapy paradigm. To test this idea, three types of gelatin methacrylate hydrogels were employed: SVF gels, EV gels derived from SVF, and blank control gels, which were used in-vitro …
Role Of Machine Learning In Early Diagnosis Of Kidney Diseases., Mohamed Nazih Mohamed Ibrahim Shehata
Role Of Machine Learning In Early Diagnosis Of Kidney Diseases., Mohamed Nazih Mohamed Ibrahim Shehata
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches have been used as indispensable tools in modern artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnostic (AIbased CAD) systems that can provide non-invasive, early, and accurate diagnosis of a given medical condition. These AI-based CAD systems have proven themselves to be reproducible and have the generalization ability to diagnose new unseen cases with several diseases and medical conditions in different organs (e.g., kidneys, prostate, brain, liver, lung, breast, and bladder). In this dissertation, we will focus on the role of such AI-based CAD systems in early diagnosis of two kidney diseases, namely: acute rejection (AR) post …
Effect Of Dorsal Quadrant Or Ventral Quadrant Spinal Cord Injury On Gait Features During Locomotion., Anya Nicole Trell
Effect Of Dorsal Quadrant Or Ventral Quadrant Spinal Cord Injury On Gait Features During Locomotion., Anya Nicole Trell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the Unites States, approximately 1.5 million people currently have a spinal cord injury and suffer permanent sensory and motor loss due to the disruption of the spinal cord. Due to the significant morbidity, it is vital to understand the functional impact of disrupting neural descending pathways that modulate spinal neurons involved in intermuscular coordination critical for gait behaviors. Tasks that are more difficult require additional input from these neural pathways; therefore, fourteen feline subjects were familiarized with level overground locomotion and stair descent gait tasks. After collection of baseline kinematic data, the subjects received either a dorsal or ventral …
Role Of Deep Learning Techniques In Non-Invasive Diagnosis Of Human Diseases., Hisham Abouelseoud Elsayem Abdeltawab
Role Of Deep Learning Techniques In Non-Invasive Diagnosis Of Human Diseases., Hisham Abouelseoud Elsayem Abdeltawab
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Machine learning, a sub-discipline in the domain of artificial intelligence, concentrates on algorithms able to learn and/or adapt their structure (e.g., parameters) based on a set of observed data. The adaptation is performed by optimizing over a cost function. Machine learning obtained a great attention in the biomedical community because it offers a promise for improving sensitivity and/or specificity of detection and diagnosis of diseases. It also can increase objectivity of the decision making, decrease the time and effort on health care professionals during the process of disease detection and diagnosis. The potential impact of machine learning is greater than …
Characterization Of Fundamental Parameters That Modulate Acoustofluidic-Mediated Molecular Delivery To Cells., Connor Sterling Centner
Characterization Of Fundamental Parameters That Modulate Acoustofluidic-Mediated Molecular Delivery To Cells., Connor Sterling Centner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cell-based therapies represent the latest biotechnological revolution in medicine, but significant limitations exist in non-viral intracellular delivery techniques during manufacturing of cell therapies. To address these limitations, a novel acoustofluidic device was developed to deliver ultrasound waves into a flow chamber for rapid molecular delivery to human cells. Our acoustofluidic device delivers biomolecules by inducing expansion and collapse of exogenous gas-filled microbubbles (“cavitation”), which enhances molecular delivery to nearby cells. Experimental studies were conducted to characterize key parameters that influence acoustofluidic-mediated molecular delivery to human cells. A clinical ultrasound transducer was generally utilized with varying cationic microbubble concentrations. Intracellular delivery …
Acoustofluidic Delivery Of Gene Editing Compounds For Improved Immunotherapy Processing., Riyakumari K. Patel
Acoustofluidic Delivery Of Gene Editing Compounds For Improved Immunotherapy Processing., Riyakumari K. Patel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cell-based immunotherapies are a new generation of “living-drug” treatments for cancer and other diseases. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell cancer therapy has shown promising results in lymphoma and B-cell malignancies. Currently, there are six FDA-approved CAR-T drugs on the market, and all of them use viral transfection for reprogramming. While viral transfection is effective, there are safety concerns due to inconsistent transfection that limit the use of CAR-T therapy. Current non-viral transfection techniques generally have lower transfection efficiency than viral transfection. Additionally, these techniques can be toxic, time-consuming, non-transportable, and expensive. To address these limitations, a novel 3D printed acoustofluidic …
Release Kinetics Of Metronidazole From 3d Printed Silicone Scaffolds., Sydney E. Herold
Release Kinetics Of Metronidazole From 3d Printed Silicone Scaffolds., Sydney E. Herold
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sustained local administration of active agents has been proposed to cure bacterial vaginosis in the female reproductive tract and restore the resident bacterial fauna. Bioprinting has shown promise for the development of systems for local agent delivery. In contrast to oral ingestion, agent release kinetics can be fine-tuned by bioprinting specialized scaffold designs tailored for particular treatments while enhancing dosage effectiveness via localized sustained release. It has been challenging to establish scaffold properties for sustained release as a function of fabrication parameters. Towards this goal, we evaluate 3D printed scaffold formulation and feasibility to sustain release of metronidazole, a representative …
Machine Learning Approaches For Early Prediction Of Hypertension., Heba Elsayed Mohamed Kandil
Machine Learning Approaches For Early Prediction Of Hypertension., Heba Elsayed Mohamed Kandil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hypertension afflicts one in every three adults and is a leading cause of mortality in 516, 955 patients in USA. The chronic elevation of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) changes the cerebrovasculature of the brain and disrupts its vasoregulation mechanisms. Reported correlations between changes in smaller cerebrovascular vessels and hypertension may be used to diagnose hypertension in its early stages, 10-15 years before the appearance of symptoms such as cognitive impairment and memory loss. Specifically, recent studies hypothesized that changes in the cerebrovasculature and CPP precede the systemic elevation of blood pressure. Currently, sphygmomanometers are used to measure repeated brachial artery …
A Modeling Platform To Predict Cancer Survival And Therapy Outcomes Using Tumor Tissue Derived Metabolomics Data., Hunter Allan Miller
A Modeling Platform To Predict Cancer Survival And Therapy Outcomes Using Tumor Tissue Derived Metabolomics Data., Hunter Allan Miller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cancer is a complex and broad disease that is challenging to treat, partially due to the vast molecular heterogeneity among patients even within the same subtype. Currently, no reliable method exists to determine which potential first-line therapy would be most effective for a specific patient, as randomized clinical trials have concluded that no single regimen may be significantly more effective than others. One ongoing challenge in the field of oncology is the search for personalization of cancer treatment based on patient data. With an interdisciplinary approach, we show that tumor-tissue derived metabolomics data is capable of predicting clinical response to …
Machine Learning Analysis Of Acoustic Attenuation Measurements For Cellular Characterization., John T. Moore
Machine Learning Analysis Of Acoustic Attenuation Measurements For Cellular Characterization., John T. Moore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
T-cell therapies have been gaining popularity in recent years due to their cancer fighting potential. With remission rates improving in this field of immunotherapy, the demand for T-cell therapies has also increased; however, the cell processing techniques for these therapeutic products have yet to rise to the level of demand. The manufacturing process takes too long and a significant amount of processed cell batches can fail to meet safety requirements. These limitations of cell processing can be detrimental to patients seeking T-cell therapies. While current products have improved the time it takes to manufacture these therapeutic products, there is still …
Fabrication And Characterization Of Lactobacillus Crispatus Containing Bioprints For Bacterial Vaginosis Application., Anthony J. Kyser
Fabrication And Characterization Of Lactobacillus Crispatus Containing Bioprints For Bacterial Vaginosis Application., Anthony J. Kyser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which healthy lactobacilli are replaced by an overabundance of pathogenic bacteria in the female reproductive tract. Current antibiotic treatments often fail to “cure” infection, resulting in recurrence in more than 50% of women, 6 months post-treatment. Recently, probiotics have demonstrated promise to restore vaginal health; however, as with other active agents, delivery requires once-to-twice daily administration. Recently, three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinting has enabled the fabrication of well-defined cell-laden architectures with tunable agent release, thereby presenting a novel approach with which to deliver probiotics. One promising bioink, gelatin alginate, was selected for study, due to its …