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Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Interposed Abdominal Compression As An Adjunct To Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Charles F. Babbs, Jeffrey B. Sack, Karl B. Kern
Interposed Abdominal Compression As An Adjunct To Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Charles F. Babbs, Jeffrey B. Sack, Karl B. Kern
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
The addition of interposed abdominal compression (IAC) to otherwise standard CPR provides external pressure over the abdomen in counterpoint to the rhythm of chest compression. Interposed abdominal compression is a simple manual technique that can supplement the use of adrenergic drugs to increase both coronary perfusion pressure and total blood flow during CPR. Mechanistically, manual abdominal compressions induce both central aortic and central venous pressure pulses. However, owing to differences in venous versus arterial capacitance, the former are usually greater than the latter, so that systemic perfusion pressure is enhanced. Moreover, practical experience and theoretical analysis have suggested subtle refinements …
Abdominal Binding And Counterpulsation In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Charles F. Babbs, William E. Blevins
Abdominal Binding And Counterpulsation In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Charles F. Babbs, William E. Blevins
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
The history and potential of abdominal pressure as an adjunct to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is reviewed. Abdominal pressure during CPR may be either static or phasic. Static abdominal pressure redirects limited blood flow generated by chest compressions toward the heart and brain, and away from the abdominal organs and lower extremities, thus boosting coronary perfusion pressure. Phasic abdominal pressure applied whenever chest pressure is released, in counterpoint to the rhythm of chest compression—so called interposed abdominal compression (IAC)-CPR—generates blood flow by an independent abdominal pump mechanism that augments the systemic perfusion created by chest compressions. New imaging data are …
An Experimental Circulatory Arrest Model In The Rat To Evaluate Calcium Antagonists In Cerebral Resuscitation, Lawrence De Garavilla, Charles F. Babbs, Willis A. Tacker
An Experimental Circulatory Arrest Model In The Rat To Evaluate Calcium Antagonists In Cerebral Resuscitation, Lawrence De Garavilla, Charles F. Babbs, Willis A. Tacker
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
A circulatory arrest model in the rat was developed for use in cerebral and cardiac resuscitation studies. Whole-body ischemia was produced for 8 to 18 minutes by arresting the heart with a cold potassium chloride cardioplegic solution. Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, minimal, standardized intensive care was provided. As the duration of ischemia was increased from 8 to 18 minutes, survival immediately following resuscitation decreased from 100% to 25%, and survival at 48 hours after ischemia decreased from 80% to 0%. Thirty per cent of the rats recovering from 11 minutes of ischemia suffered motor seizures. Survival and the incidence of motor …
Cardiac, Thoracic, And Abdominal Pump Mechanisms In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Studies In An Electrical Model Of The Circulation, Charles F. Babbs, Christopher Weaver, Sandra H. Ralston, Leslie A. Geddes
Cardiac, Thoracic, And Abdominal Pump Mechanisms In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Studies In An Electrical Model Of The Circulation, Charles F. Babbs, Christopher Weaver, Sandra H. Ralston, Leslie A. Geddes
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
To investigate alternative mechanisms generating artificial circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), an electrical model of the circulation was developed. Heart and blood vessels were modeled as resistive-capacitive networks; pressures in the chest, abdomen, and vascular compartments as voltages; blood flow as electric current; blood inertia as inductance; and the cardiac and venous valves as diodes. External pressurization of thoracic and abdominal vessels, as would occur in CPR, was simulated by application of half-sinusoidal voltage pulses. Three modes of creating artificial circulation were studied: cardiac pump (CP), in which the atria and ventricles of the model were pressurized simultaneously; thoracic pump …
Intrapulmonary Epinephrine During Prolonged Cardipulmonary Resuscitation: Improved Regional Blood Flow And Resuscitation In Dogs, Sandra H. Ralston, William D. Voorhees, Charles F. Babbs
Intrapulmonary Epinephrine During Prolonged Cardipulmonary Resuscitation: Improved Regional Blood Flow And Resuscitation In Dogs, Sandra H. Ralston, William D. Voorhees, Charles F. Babbs
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
Blood flow to vital organs was measured at five-minute intervals during 20 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and ventricular fibrillation in two groups of anesthetized dogs (n = 15 per group). The relationship between organ blood flow and restoration of circulation after 20 minutes was assessed with no additional treatment in Group I and with intrapulmonary epinephrine in Group II. Cardiac output and organ blood flow did not vary significantly in Group I. In Group II, intrapulmonary epinephrine significantly improved blood flow to the myocardium, the brain, and the adrenal glands. A mean myocardial blood flow of less than 0.13 …
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation With Interposed Abdominal Compression In Dogs, Sandra H. Ralston, Charles F. Babbs, Mark J. Niebauer
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation With Interposed Abdominal Compression In Dogs, Sandra H. Ralston, Charles F. Babbs, Mark J. Niebauer
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
This study was conducted to evaluate the hemodynamic effectiveness of a new modification of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), termed interposed abdominal compression- CPR (IAC-CPR). IAC-CPR utilizes all the steps of standard CPR with the addition of abdominal compressions interposed during the release phase of chest compression. Ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically in 10 anesthetized dogs, and either IAC-CPR or standard CPR was initiated while arterial and venous blood pressures and cardiac output were monitored. The two CPR methods were alternated every three minutes over a period of thirty minutes. The addition of interposed abdominal compressions to standard CPR improved arterial pressures …