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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
The Effects Of Mechanical Strain On Vascular Calcification And The Canonical Wnt Pathway, Hannah E. Douglas
The Effects Of Mechanical Strain On Vascular Calcification And The Canonical Wnt Pathway, Hannah E. Douglas
Theses and Dissertations
Cardiovascular disease is a significant health crisis, representing 32% of deaths worldwide in 2019. Vascular calcification (VC), a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, is a regulated biomineralization process whose exact mechanisms are unknown. Additionally, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) significantly contribute to VC by undergoing a phenotypic switch and differentiating into osteoblast-like cells. When factors like hypertension cause disturbed laminar flow in the body’s vasculature, the mechanical stress promotes the phenotypic switch and calcification of VSMCs via mechanotransduction. VC is also induced by the Wnt pathway, which is activated via mineral imbalance and mechanical stimulation. However, the exact mechanisms behind …
Understanding Vascular Calcification Through The Lens Of Canonical Wnt Signaling, Karlee Mcneel
Understanding Vascular Calcification Through The Lens Of Canonical Wnt Signaling, Karlee Mcneel
Theses and Dissertations
Every 37 seconds, someone in the United States dies from cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcification is one of the underlying causes of these fatal events. Medial calcification develops following arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Medial calcification is characterized by the deposition of hydroxyapatite in the medial layer of the arteries after normal vascular smooth muscle cells undergo a phenotypic switch to resemble osteoblast-like cells. It is hypothesized that this switch is caused by the wingless related (WNT)-Signaling pathway. The WNT-Signaling pathway, upon activation, causes the upregulation of osteogenic markers for the development of osteoblast-like cells. Current treatments alleviate consequences of …
Oxidized Fibrin Alginate Microbeads To Treat Vascular Calcification, Brittany Nichole Macha
Oxidized Fibrin Alginate Microbeads To Treat Vascular Calcification, Brittany Nichole Macha
Theses and Dissertations
Calcification is linked to a high prevalence of cardiovascular events and mortality due to arterial stiffness. Stiffening of the arteries in the case of medial calcification is due to hydroxyapatite mineral deposited in the artery thus leading to the loss of elastin. A possibility of removing this rogue mineral along the vessel walls could be the use of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts, a type of osteocyte, have the unique ability to absorb bone in the bone turnover process. It is proposed that in the future, osteoclasts be delivered to the site of mineralization through oxidized alginate-fibrin microbeads. Alginate hydrogels have proven great …
Development Of A Crosslinked Osteochondral Xenograft And A Collagen Stabilizing Intra-Articular Injection To Remediate Cartilage Focal Lesions To Prevent Osteoarthritis, Mark Lewis Mosher
Development Of A Crosslinked Osteochondral Xenograft And A Collagen Stabilizing Intra-Articular Injection To Remediate Cartilage Focal Lesions To Prevent Osteoarthritis, Mark Lewis Mosher
Theses and Dissertations
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of disability in adults in America. It is a progressive and degenerative disease where the articular cartilage is broken down and lost from the surfaces of bones causing chronic pain and swelling in the joints, and currently has no cure. The most commonly osteoarthritis starts from a focal lesion on the cartilage surface, which will expand on the surface and downwards through the thickness of the tissue. The current gold standard for correcting cartilage focal lesions is the osteochondral autograft/allograft transplantation (OAT), which replaces the defect with a fresh osteochondral graft. The …
Behavioral And Histological Inflammatory Analysis Of A Single, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Repeated Subconcussive Brain Injury Using A Rodent Model., Anna Marie Clay
Behavioral And Histological Inflammatory Analysis Of A Single, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Repeated Subconcussive Brain Injury Using A Rodent Model., Anna Marie Clay
Theses and Dissertations
Subconcussive (SC) impacts have become a growing concern within the neuroscience community regarding the immediate and long-lasting effects of sports-related injuries. While a single low-level impact, i.e., a subconcussion, may not cause cerebral perturbations, it has been increasingly recognized that repeated SC exposure can induce deleterious effects. Therefore, determining the lower limits of systematic perturbation resulting from multiple SC impacts is of critical importance in expanding our understanding of cerebral vulnerability and recovery. Currently, there is a lack of correlation between a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and repeated SC impacts with respect to injury biomechanics. Moreover, the cumulative threshold …
A Comparative Study On The Functionality Of Porcine Dura As A Tissue-Engineered Dura Mater Graft For Clinical Applications, Ashma Sharma
A Comparative Study On The Functionality Of Porcine Dura As A Tissue-Engineered Dura Mater Graft For Clinical Applications, Ashma Sharma
Theses and Dissertations
Damage to dura mater may occur during intracranial or spinal surgeries, which can result in cerebrospinal fluid leakage as well as other potentially fatal physiological changes. As a result, biological scaffolds derived from xenogeneic materials are typically used to repair and regenerate dura mater post intracranial or spinal surgeries. In this study we explore the mechanics, structure, and immunological capacity of xenogeneic dura mater to be considered as a replacement for human dura. A comparative analysis is done between native porcine dura and a commercially available bovine collagen-based dura graft. Native porcine dura mater was decellularized and subjected to mechanical …
Electromechanical Fatigue Properties Of Dielectric Elastomer Stretch Sensors Under Orthopaedic Loading Conditions, Andrea Karen Persons
Electromechanical Fatigue Properties Of Dielectric Elastomer Stretch Sensors Under Orthopaedic Loading Conditions, Andrea Karen Persons
Theses and Dissertations
Fatigue testing of stretch sensors often focuses on high amplitude, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior; however, when used for orthopaedic, athletic, or ergonomic assessments, stretch sensors are subjected to low amplitude, high-cycle fatigue (HCF) conditions. As an added layer of complexity, the fatigue testing of stretch sensors is not only focused on the life of the material comprising the sensor, but also on the reliability of the signal produced during the extension and relaxation of the sensor. Research into the development of a smart sock that can be used to measure the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint during …
Hydrology And Water Quality Analysis In The Big Black River Watershed, Mississippi, Moniba Shabbir
Hydrology And Water Quality Analysis In The Big Black River Watershed, Mississippi, Moniba Shabbir
Theses and Dissertations
Evaluating hydrology and water quality for the Big Black River Watershed in Mississippi was accomplished by using the Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Source (BASINS 4.5), Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC), and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) models. The watershed model calibration was originally accomplished by using historical data collected from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The watershed model was calibrated using data from 2000 through 2018 in order to quantify stream flow and point source discharges under a variety of hydrologic conditions. The model predicted response of hydrology was consistent with the observed data range. The …
Design Of Plastic Contaminant Eliminator In Seed Cotton, Joshua H. Tandio
Design Of Plastic Contaminant Eliminator In Seed Cotton, Joshua H. Tandio
Theses and Dissertations
Plastic contamination in cotton is a problem in cotton industry and researchers have worked on this problem with different approaches. This thesis documents the design of mechanical and electronic real-time systems for detecting and removing plastic contaminants. The mechanical system was designed to expose plastic embedded inside the seed cotton to the sensor and to separate plastic contaminated cotton from the process stream. The detection system consisted of an embedded computer interfaced with a USB camera and Neural Network (NN) software running in it. Two NN models were tested, a transfer learning model and a built-from-scratch original model. The original …